2013
Natural ventilation reduces high TB transmission risk in traditional homes in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Lygizos M, Shenoi SV, Brooks RP, Bhushan A, Brust J, Zelterman D, Deng Y, Northrup V, Moll AP, Friedland GH. Natural ventilation reduces high TB transmission risk in traditional homes in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases 2013, 13: 300. PMID: 23815441, PMCID: PMC3716713, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-300.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB transmission riskInfectious TB patientsTransmission riskTB patientsRural South AfricaDrug-resistant TBTB control effortsHealth care facilitiesPaucity of dataHousehold settingsRural KwaZulu-NatalPrevalent TBResistant TBTB transmissionCare facilitiesMultivariate analysisHIV areasVentilationAChSignificant decreaseWells-Riley equationPatientsRiskLow ventilationHour period
2012
The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy initiation in patients with tuberculosis: findings from the SAPiT trial.
Naidoo K, Yende-Zuma N, Padayatchi N, Naidoo K, Jithoo N, Nair G, Bamber S, Gengiah S, El-Sadr WM, Friedland G, Abdool Karim S. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy initiation in patients with tuberculosis: findings from the SAPiT trial. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2012, 157: 313-24. PMID: 22944873, PMCID: PMC3534856, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntibiotics, AntitubercularCD4 Lymphocyte CountFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansImmune Reconstitution Inflammatory SyndromeImmunocompromised HostIncidenceKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleProspective StudiesRifampinRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexTuberculosisConceptsImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeSequential treatment groupIncidence of IRISReconstitution inflammatory syndromeAntiretroviral therapy initiationART initiationTreatment groupsIRIS incidenceSAPiT trialInflammatory syndromeTherapy initiationTreatment initiationTuberculosis treatmentOpen-label clinical trialCells/LCo-infected patientsEarly ART initiationInitiation of ARTTuberculosis treatment initiationSmear-negative tuberculosisHigher hospitalization ratesWeeks of completionBaseline CD4Antituberculosis treatmentNonambulatory patientsSurvival from XDR-TB Is Associated with Modifiable Clinical Characteristics in Rural South Africa
Shenoi SV, Brooks RP, Barbour R, Altice FL, Zelterman D, Moll AP, Master I, van der Merwe TL, Friedland GH. Survival from XDR-TB Is Associated with Modifiable Clinical Characteristics in Rural South Africa. PLOS ONE 2012, 7: e31786. PMID: 22412840, PMCID: PMC3295798, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031786.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsXDR-TB patientsDrug-resistant tuberculosisRetrospective case-control studyXDR-TB casesCommunity-based hospitalCase-control studyGlobal public healthHIV coinfectionMicrobiological correlatesModifiable factorsAvailable interventionsRural South AfricaControl studyPatientsTuberculosisPublic healthSurvivorsSurvivalDaysHospitalMortalityRisk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting
Gandhi N, Andrews J, Brust J, Montreuil R, Weissman D, Heo M, Moll A, Friedland G, Shah N. Risk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2012, 16: 90-97. PMID: 22236852, PMCID: PMC3302205, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0153.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntitubercular AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCoinfectionDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMarkov ChainsMonte Carlo MethodPrevalencePrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSouth AfricaSurvival AnalysisTime FactorsTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusXDR-TB patientsRisk factorsAntiretroviral therapyXDR-TBDrug-resistant (XDR) TBImmunosuppressed human immunodeficiency virusStrong independent risk factorHigh HIV prevalence settingsMDR-TB patientsTB treatment programsIndependent risk factorYear of diagnosisDrug-resistant tuberculosisHIV prevalence settingsCells/Principal risk factorsCase-control studyAmplification of resistanceHigh mortality rateART initiationHIV testingImmunodeficiency virusPrevalence settingsMortality rate
2010
Predictors of Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence Community
Andrews JR, Shah NS, Weissman D, Moll AP, Friedland G, Gandhi NR. Predictors of Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence Community. PLOS ONE 2010, 5: e15735. PMID: 21209951, PMCID: PMC3012092, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015735.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisTB treatment failureXDR-TBHIV prevalence settingsRisk factorsTreatment failureOdds ratioMDR/XDR-TBOnly significant risk factorRetrospective case-control studyDrug resistanceMDR-TB patientsSignificant risk factorsStrong risk factorMultivariate logistic regressionTB drug resistanceCase-control studyHigh HIV prevalence communitiesDemographic risk factorsDrug susceptibility testing methodsHIV prevalence communitiesTB settingsClinical deteriorationMDR-TBTB treatmentBlood cultures for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients from rural South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Heysell SK, Thomas TA, Gandhi NR, Moll AP, Eksteen FJ, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Babaria P, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah S. Blood cultures for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients from rural South Africa: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010, 10: 344. PMID: 21134279, PMCID: PMC3016377, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-344.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsRural PopulationSouth AfricaSputumYoung AdultConceptsDrug-resistant TBMycobacterial blood culturesDrug-resistant tuberculosisBlood culturesXDR-TBRural South AfricaMDR-TBM. tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremiaCross-sectional studyPositive blood culturesDiagnosis of MDRCross-sectional analysisAntiretroviral therapySecondary outcomesSputum cultureTB suspectsRisk factorsPatientsHIVTuberculosisDiagnosisTBSimilar settingsBacteremia
2009
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A New Face to an Old Pathogen
Shenoi S, Friedland G. Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A New Face to an Old Pathogen. Annual Review Of Medicine 2009, 60: 307-320. PMID: 19630575, PMCID: PMC3013225, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.60.053107.103955.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2006
Drug Interactions between Opioids and Antiretroviral Medications: Interaction between Methadone, LAAM, and Delavirdine
McCance‐Katz E, Rainey PM, Smith P, Morse GD, Friedland G, Boyarsky B, Gourevitch M, Jatlow P. Drug Interactions between Opioids and Antiretroviral Medications: Interaction between Methadone, LAAM, and Delavirdine. American Journal On Addictions 2006, 15: 23-34. PMID: 16449090, DOI: 10.1080/10550490500419029.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug interactionsObjective Opioid Withdrawal ScaleSeven-day study periodNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorMini-Mental State ExaminationOpioid withdrawal symptomsOpioid Withdrawal ScaleClinical pharmacology studiesOpioid-dependent individualsReverse transcriptase inhibitorLAAM treatmentMethadone clearanceOpioid pharmacokineticsOpioid therapyOpioid toxicityAntiretroviral medicationsHIV outcomesPharmacodynamic interactionsCardiac toxicityWithdrawal symptomsAdverse symptomsTranscriptase inhibitorWithdrawal ScaleAcetyl methadolPharmacology studies
1996
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: Clinical Features, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Cases Involving Patients with and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Frankel R, Virata M, Hardalo C, Altice F, Friedland G. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: Clinical Features, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Cases Involving Patients with and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1996, 23: 577-584. PMID: 8879783, DOI: 10.1093/clinids/23.3.577.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive pneumococcal diseasePneumococcal diseaseClinical featuresPenicillin-resistant pneumococcal infectionsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diseaseHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionCommon capsular typesSource of bacteremiaImmunodeficiency virus infectionOverall mortality rateAntibiotic susceptibility patternPolyvalent pneumococcal vaccineType 9VCommon risk factorsPenicillin-resistant isolatesAntimicrobial resistance patternsPneumococcal infectionPneumococcal vaccineHIV infectionHIV serostatusHIV statusRecurrence rateInvasive diseaseRisk factorsSusceptibility patternsA prospective study of syphilis and HIV infection among injection drug users receiving methadone in the Bronx, NY.
Gourevitch M, Hartel D, Schoenbaum E, Selwyn P, Davenny K, Friedland G, Klein R. A prospective study of syphilis and HIV infection among injection drug users receiving methadone in the Bronx, NY. American Journal Of Public Health 1996, 86: 1112-5. PMID: 8712270, PMCID: PMC1380622, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.86.8_pt_1.1112.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHIV-seronegative patientsHIV-seropositive patientsDrug usersHIV infectionEarly syphilisProspective studyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHigh-risk sexual activityPercent of HIVImmunodeficiency virus infectionMethadone maintenance treatmentDrug-using womenMultiple sex partnersDiagnosis of syphilisEarly syphilis incidenceFemale drug usersHIV seroconversionHIV seroconvertersMaintenance treatmentIncidence rateIndependent riskVirus infectionSyphilis incidencePatients
1995
Injection Drug Use and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Alcabes P, Friedland G. Injection Drug Use and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1995, 20: 1467-1479. PMID: 7548494, DOI: 10.1093/clinids/20.6.1467.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSurveillance case definitionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionDrug usersCase definitionInjection drugsVirus infectionPrevention (CDC) surveillance case definitionDiagnosis of AIDSInjection drug useInjection drug usersHigh mortality rateHIV diseaseHIV infectionDrug injectorsMortality rateDrug useNew casesNatural historyDisease controlAIDSDiagnostic facilitiesAIDS epidemicInitial epidemicLack of advocates
1994
Laboratory markers and the risk of developing HIV-1 disease among injecting drug users
Alcabes P, Selwyn P, Davenny K, Hartel D, Buono D, Schoenbaum E, Klein R, Friedland G. Laboratory markers and the risk of developing HIV-1 disease among injecting drug users. AIDS 1994, 8: 107-116. PMID: 7912083, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199401000-00016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCD4 lymphocyte countHIV-1-related outcomesLow CD4 lymphocyte countCD4 lymphocyte numbersPyogenic bacterial infectionsHIV-1 diseaseLymphocyte countLaboratory markersLymphocyte numbersClinical eventsAIDS diagnosisRelative riskDrug usersBacterial infectionsHIV-1-associated diseaseBeta 2M levelsSerum beta 2M levelsDifferent laboratory markersMultiple constitutional symptomsAIDS riskMethadone treatment programsPredictors of progressionHIV-1 infectionLow platelet countLower leukocyte counts
1992
High Risk of Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Drug Users With Cutaneous Anergy
Selwyn P, Sckell B, Alcabes P, Friedland G, Klein R, Schoenbaum E. High Risk of Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Drug Users With Cutaneous Anergy. JAMA 1992, 268: 504-509. PMID: 1619742, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1992.03490040080029.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV serological statusAnergic subjectsActive tuberculosisTuberculin reactorsCutaneous anergyDrug injectorsIsoniazid chemoprophylaxisIsoniazid prophylaxisHIV infectionTuberculosis incidenceTuberculin testingSerological statusHigh riskDelayed-type hypersensitivity skin testingDelayed-type hypersensitivity testingPositive tuberculin test resultsStudy periodAdvanced HIV diseaseHIV disease statusMonths of prophylaxisT lymphocyte levelsHypersensitivity skin testingProspective observational studyTuberculosis incidence rateMycobacterium tuberculosis infection
1991
Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV-II) Infection in a Cohort of New York Intravenous Drug Users: An Old Infection?
Khabbaz R, Hartel D, Lairmore M, Horsburgh C, Schoenbaum E, Roberts B, Hartley T, Friedland G. Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV-II) Infection in a Cohort of New York Intravenous Drug Users: An Old Infection? The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1991, 163: 252-256. PMID: 1988509, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/163.2.252.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHuman T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) infectionHTLV-II infectionType II infectionPolymerase chain reactionRisk factorsHTLV-IIDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV infection statusImmunodeficiency virus infectionIntravenous drug useMethadone maintenance programTransfusion historyNeedle sharingVirus infectionSerologic resultsSex partnersDrug useShooting galleriesEndemic infectionInfectionOlder ageInfection statusOld infectionDemographic characteristics, drug use, and sexual behavior of i.v. drug user with AIDS in Bronx, New York.
Schrager L, Friedland G, Feiner C, Kahl P. Demographic characteristics, drug use, and sexual behavior of i.v. drug user with AIDS in Bronx, New York. Public Health Reports 1991, 106: 78-84. PMID: 1899944, PMCID: PMC1580205.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug usersDemographic characteristicsDrug useHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionIntravenous drug usersMontefiore Medical CenterMethadone maintenance programSharing of needlesInjection of drugsSexual behaviorDrug use behaviorsDrug use practicesHIV infectionImmunodeficiency syndromeVirus infectionMedical CenterEpidemiologic informationShooting galleriesCocaine useAIDSInjection episodesSexual practicesEarly ageInfectionSurvival differences in patients with AIDS.
Friedland G, Saltzman B, Vileno J, Freeman K, Schrager L, Klein R. Survival differences in patients with AIDS. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1991, 4: 144-53. PMID: 1987352.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaFavorable survivalCarinii pneumoniaMale sexYounger ageRisk behaviorsInitial AIDS diagnosisSingle medical centerIntravenous drug usePoint of diagnosisInitial AIDSMedian survivalAIDS diagnosisBlack raceSurvival differencesKaposi's sarcomaMedical CenterClinical carePatientsDrug useAIDSSurvivalDiagnosisPowerful predictorMonths
1990
Additional evidence for lack of transmission of HIV infection by close interpersonal (casual) contact
Friedland G, Kahl P, Saltzman B, Rogers M, Feiner C, Mayers M, Schable C, Klein R. Additional evidence for lack of transmission of HIV infection by close interpersonal (casual) contact. AIDS 1990, 4: 639-644. PMID: 2118767, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199007000-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHousehold contactsHIV infectionAIDS patientsClose interpersonal contactNon-sexual contactsPossibility of transmissionAdult patientsHIV antibodiesMedian durationMedian timeP24 antigenHIV transmissionPhysical examinationSerum antibodiesPatientsLast contactLack of transmissionLast evaluationInitial evaluationMonthsInfectionHIVSymptomsAntigenAIDS
1989
Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Intravenous Drug Users
Schoenbaum E, Hartel D, Selwyn P, Klein R, Davenny K, Rogers M, Feiner C, Friedland G. Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Intravenous Drug Users. New England Journal Of Medicine 1989, 321: 874-879. PMID: 2770823, DOI: 10.1056/nejm198909283211306.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionIntravenous drug usersPercentage of injectionsRisk factorsHIV antibodiesDrug usersIntravenous drugsVirus infectionSex partnersSeroprevalence of HIVIndependent risk factorOnly risk factorMethadone treatment programsNumber of injectionsNon-Hispanic whitesHeterosexual sex partnersHIV infectionLast injectionUsed needlesHigh seroprevalenceDrug useShooting galleriesHIVInfectionA Prospective Study of the Risk of Tuberculosis among Intravenous Drug Users with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Selwyn P, Hartel D, Lewis V, Schoenbaum E, Vermund S, Klein R, Walker A, Friedland G. A Prospective Study of the Risk of Tuberculosis among Intravenous Drug Users with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. New England Journal Of Medicine 1989, 320: 545-550. PMID: 2915665, DOI: 10.1056/nejm198903023200901.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-seropositive subjectsIntravenous drug usersPositive PPD testHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionImmunodeficiency virus infectionActive tuberculosisPPD testDrug usersSeronegative subjectsSeropositive subjectsTuberculous infectionSkin testingVirus infectionHIV-seronegative intravenous drug usersHIV-seronegative subjectsLatent tuberculous infectionRisk of tuberculosisTuberculin skin testingCases of tuberculosisMethadone maintenance programHIV antibodiesHIV-seropositiveHIV infectionProspective studyProtein derivative (PPD) tuberculin
1988
Increased risk of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected intravenous drug users without AIDS
Selwyn P, Feingold A, Hartel D, Schoenbaum E, Alderman M, Klein R, Friedland G. Increased risk of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected intravenous drug users without AIDS. AIDS 1988, 2: 267-272. PMID: 3140832, DOI: 10.1097/00002030-198808000-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersIntravenous drug useBacterial pneumoniaHIV infectionDrug usersDrug useActive intravenous drug useCommunity-acquired bacterial pneumoniaCumulative yearly incidenceMethadone maintenance programSeronegative subjectsSeropositive patientsSeropositive subjectsStudy entryOpportunistic infectionsYearly incidencePneumoniaHemophilus influenzaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeSeropositivesHIVAIDSInfectionStudy periodIncidence