2022
Community-based referral for tuberculosis preventive therapy is effective for treatment completion
Shenoi S, Kyriakides T, Dokubo E, Guddera V, Vranken P, Desai M, Friedland G, Moll A. Community-based referral for tuberculosis preventive therapy is effective for treatment completion. PLOS Global Public Health 2022, 2: e0001269. PMID: 36962910, PMCID: PMC10021376, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001269.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTreatment completionCommunity-based identificationPreventive therapyIndependent predictorsGovernment primary care clinicsMedian age 35 yearsCommunity-based referralsHigher treatment completionMedian CD4 countTB preventive therapyTB endemic regionsTuberculosis preventive therapyComparison groupPrimary care clinicsClinic-based careAge 35 yearsCBR groupTeam of nursesSix-month courseMedian CD4Oral isoniazidCD4 countHIV careNight sweatsCare clinics
2017
Integrated Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Community-Based Case Finding in Rural South Africa: Implications for Tuberculosis Control Efforts
Shenoi SV, Moll AP, Brooks RP, Kyriakides T, Andrews L, Kompala T, Upadhya D, Altice FL, Eksteen FJ, Friedland G. Integrated Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Community-Based Case Finding in Rural South Africa: Implications for Tuberculosis Control Efforts. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2017, 4: ofx092. PMID: 28695145, PMCID: PMC5499582, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx092.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHuman immunodeficiency virusIntensive case findingCase findingResistant TBTB casesHIV testingRural South AfricaOverall case notification rateConcurrent HIV testingHIV coinfection rateHIV-negative tuberculosisMedian CD4 countCD4 cell countHIV/TBDrug-resistant TBCase notification ratesCase-finding strategyHIV-positive individualsHigh-risk populationTB symptom screeningPopulation-level ratesCD4 countTuberculosis symptomsSymptom screeningTB elimination
2015
What motivates use of community-based human immunodeficiency virus testing in rural South Africa?
Upadhya D, Moll AP, Brooks RP, Friedland G, Shenoi SV. What motivates use of community-based human immunodeficiency virus testing in rural South Africa? International Journal Of STD & AIDS 2015, 27: 662-671. PMID: 26134323, PMCID: PMC4851612, DOI: 10.1177/0956462415592789.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV testingRural South AfricaRural resource-limited settingsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testingCommunity-based HIVCommunity-based testingMedian CD4 countRecent HIV exposureCommunity-based HIV testing programmeFirst-time testersHIV testing programsVoluntary HIV testingResource-limited settingsCD4 countHIV exposureMedian ageHIV statusVirus testingCommunity testingHIVCells/Rural settingsFamily membersSix-itemRisky lifestylesTrends in hospital deaths among human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients during the antiretroviral therapy era, 1995 to 2011
Cowell A, Shenoi SV, Kyriakides TC, Friedland G, Barakat LA. Trends in hospital deaths among human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients during the antiretroviral therapy era, 1995 to 2011. Journal Of Hospital Medicine 2015, 10: 608-614. PMID: 26130520, PMCID: PMC4560992, DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2409.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHospital deathAIDS deathsHuman immunodeficiency virus-infected patientsHigher CD4 cell countsAIDS infectionAntiretroviral therapy eraNon-AIDS deathsNon-AIDS malignanciesCD4 cell countHIV viral loadVirus-infected patientsHuman immunodeficiency virusUrban teaching hospitalTimes greater likelihoodCardiovascular comorbiditiesTherapy eraCD4 countInpatient mortalityImmunodeficiency syndromeLiver diseaseUnderlying liverViral loadImmunodeficiency virusMedical recordsAntiretroviral era
2013
Chest Radiograph Findings and Time to Culture Conversion in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and HIV in Tugela Ferry, South Africa
Brust JC, Berman AR, Zalta B, Haramati LB, Ning Y, Heo M, van der Merwe TL, Bamber S, Moll AP, Friedland GH, Shah NS, Gandhi NR. Chest Radiograph Findings and Time to Culture Conversion in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and HIV in Tugela Ferry, South Africa. PLOS ONE 2013, 8: e73975. PMID: 24040132, PMCID: PMC3765317, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073975.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisBaseline chest radiographSputum smear statusCulture conversionMajority of patientsCD4 countHilar lymphadenopathySmear statusPleural effusionSputum smearChest radiographsAntiretroviral therapy eraCulture conversion rateMedian CD4 countPercent of patientsChest radiograph findingsEnd of treatmentTherapy eraAdvanced immunodeficiencyCavitary diseaseRadiograph findingsHIV statusRadiographic featuresIndependent associationTreatment outcomes
2011
Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among hospitalised patients with tuberculosis in rural KwaZulu-Natal
Heysell SK, Shenoi SV, Catterick K, Thomas TA, Friedland G. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among hospitalised patients with tuberculosis in rural KwaZulu-Natal. South African Medical Journal 2011, 101: 332-334. PMID: 21837877, PMCID: PMC3628595, DOI: 10.7196/samj.4462.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusTB wardsNasal carriageMRSA isolatesNasal swabsImpact of MRSAMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriageStaphylococcus aureus nasal carriageLow CD4 countRural African hospitalAureus nasal carriageHours of admissionMRSA nasal carriageGovernment district hospitalsStandard disk diffusionImportant nosocomial pathogenRural KwaZulu-NatalAdmission swabCD4 countHospitalised patientsMRSA carriageNosocomial acquisitionTB patientsPrevious hospitalisationMedical chartsRapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Multidrug Resistance by the Microscopic-Observation Drug-Susceptibility Assay
Shah NS, Moodley P, Babaria P, Moodley S, Ramtahal M, Richardson J, Heysell S, Li X, Moll A, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Gandhi NR. Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Multidrug Resistance by the Microscopic-Observation Drug-Susceptibility Assay. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2011, 183: 1427-1433. PMID: 21297071, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201009-1449oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug susceptibility testingMDR-TB diagnosisMDR-TBHIV statusMultidrug-resistant (MDR) TBProportion methodRapid diagnosisProspective diagnostic accuracy studyAdult TB suspectsMicroscopic-Observation DrugReference standard cultureMedian CD4 countPatient's HIV statusHIV prevalence settingsIndirect proportion methodMycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) cultureMedian turnaround timeResource-limited settingsReference standardDiagnostic accuracy studiesCD4 countMycobacterium tuberculosis detectionConsecutive adultsTB suspectsHIV prevalenceCulture Conversion Among HIV Co-Infected Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Tugela Ferry, South Africa
Brust JC, Lygizos M, Chaiyachati K, Scott M, van der Merwe TL, Moll AP, Li X, Loveday M, Bamber SA, Lalloo UG, Friedland GH, Shah NS, Gandhi NR. Culture Conversion Among HIV Co-Infected Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Tugela Ferry, South Africa. PLOS ONE 2011, 6: e15841. PMID: 21253585, PMCID: PMC3017058, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015841.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMDR-TB patientsCulture conversion rateMDR-TB treatmentMonths of therapyAntiretroviral therapyHIV-coCulture conversionHIV co-infected patientsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis patientsTiming of ARTMDR-TB therapyCo-infected patientsHIV-negative patientsSecond-line regimenSimilar cure ratesDays of initiationResource-limited settingsHIV prevalentART medicationsCD4 countMDR-TBTuberculosis patientsSputum cultureSuch patientsHIV status
2009
Successful Integration of Tuberculosis and HIV Treatment in Rural South Africa: The Sizonq'oba Study
Gandhi NR, Moll AP, Lalloo U, Pawinski R, Zeller K, Moodley P, Meyer E, Friedland G. Successful Integration of Tuberculosis and HIV Treatment in Rural South Africa: The Sizonq'oba Study. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2009, 50: 37-43. PMID: 19295333, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31818ce6c4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB/HIV-coinfected patientsHIV treatmentCubic millimeterCD4 count increaseDaily antiretroviral therapyImmune reconstitution eventsIntegration of tuberculosisMedian CD4 countUndetectable viral loadSevere adverse eventsDrug-resistant tuberculosisRural resource-poor settingsCause of deathHome-based therapyResource-poor settingsRural KwaZulu-NatalARV dosesTreatment defaultAntiretroviral therapyCD4 countHIV careOperational research studyTB patientsAdverse eventsObserved therapy
2006
Sustained Benefit From a Long-Term Antiretroviral Adherence Intervention
Mannheimer SB, Morse E, Matts JP, Andrews L, Child C, Schmetter B, Friedland GH. Sustained Benefit From a Long-Term Antiretroviral Adherence Intervention. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2006, 43: s41-s47. PMID: 17091022, DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000245887.58886.ac.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdherence supportAdherence interventionsClinical trialsMedian baseline CD4 countLong-term medication adherenceLarge randomized clinical trialsMM participantsAntiretroviral Adherence InterventionARV-naive individualsBaseline CD4 countFirst virologic failureIntervention clinical trialsRandomized clinical trialsMedication managersCD4 countVirologic failureVirologic outcomesCD4 cellsARV therapyHIV outcomesMedication adherenceMM subgroupsMM groupCluster randomizationCells/
2005
Population Pharmacokinetics of Delavirdine and N-Delavirdine in HIV-Infected Individuals
Smith PF, DiCenzo R, Forrest A, Shelton M, Friedland G, Para M, Pollard R, Fischi M, DiFrancesco R, Morse GD. Population Pharmacokinetics of Delavirdine and N-Delavirdine in HIV-Infected Individuals. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2005, 44: 99-109. PMID: 15634033, DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200544010-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLarge interpatient variabilityPharmacokinetic parameter estimatesCombination regimensPopulation pharmacokineticsInterpatient variabilityNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorPopulation pharmacokinetic parameter estimatesCells/mm3Double-blind studyHIV-1 infectionMean apparent volumeAge 37 yearsPopulation pharmacokinetic analysisReverse transcriptase inhibitorVolume of distributionFirst-order clearanceTherapeutic drug monitoringTarget drug concentrationsCD4 countMonotherapy studiesOral clearanceDosage regimensPlasma concentrationsTranscriptase inhibitorPharmacokinetic analysis
2004
A Pilot Study of Once-Daily Antiretroviral Therapy Integrated With Tuberculosis Directly Observed Therapy in a Resource-Limited Setting
Jack C, Lalloo U, Karim QA, Karim SA, El-Sadr W, Cassol S, Friedland G. A Pilot Study of Once-Daily Antiretroviral Therapy Integrated With Tuberculosis Directly Observed Therapy in a Resource-Limited Setting. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2004, 36: 929-934. PMID: 15220699, DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200408010-00006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdministration, OralAdolescentAdultAlkynesAnti-HIV AgentsAntibiotics, AntitubercularAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveBenzoxazinesCosts and Cost AnalysisCyclopropanesDidanosineDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLamivudineMaleMiddle AgedOutpatient Clinics, HospitalOxazinesPilot ProjectsSouth AfricaTreatment OutcomeTuberculosisUrban PopulationConceptsAntiretroviral therapyTB therapyViral loadPilot studyTwenty HIV-positive patientsSmear-positive pulmonary TBCD4 count increaseDrug-sensitive TBObserved therapy programStandard TB therapyActive antiretroviral therapyHIV-positive patientsMean CD4 countMean viral loadCells/Resource limited settingsResource-limited settingsDaily didanosineHAART regimenCD4 countHIV clinicPulmonary TBTB clinicNeurologic toxicityObserved therapy
2002
The Consistency of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Predicts Biologic Outcomes for Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Infected Persons in Clinical Trials
Mannheimer S, Friedland G, Matts J, Child C, Chesney M, AIDS T. The Consistency of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Predicts Biologic Outcomes for Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Infected Persons in Clinical Trials. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2002, 34: 1115-1121. PMID: 11915001, DOI: 10.1086/339074.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV RNA levelsHuman immunodeficiency virusImmunodeficiency virusClinical trialsRNA levelsPlasma HIV RNA levelsBiologic outcomesConsistency of adherenceCopies/mLMulticenter clinical trialAntiretroviral therapyCD4 countMonth 12Nonwhite racePoor adherenceAdherence levelsAdherence patternsOlder ageGood adherenceAdherenceCells/TrialsVisitsOutcomesParticipants
1999
Efficacy and Safety of Delavirdine Mesylate With Zidovudine and Didanosine Compared With Two-Drug Combinations of These Agents in Persons With HIV Disease With CD4 Counts of 100 to 500 cells/mm3 (ACTG 261)
Friedland G, Pollard R, Griffith B, Hughes M, Morse G, Bassett R, Freimuth W, Demeter L, Connick E, Nevin T, Hirsch M, Fischl M. Efficacy and Safety of Delavirdine Mesylate With Zidovudine and Didanosine Compared With Two-Drug Combinations of These Agents in Persons With HIV Disease With CD4 Counts of 100 to 500 cells/mm3 (ACTG 261). JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1999, 21: 281-292. PMID: 10428106, DOI: 10.1097/00126334-199908010-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCells/mm3CD4 cell countTwo-drug combinationsCell countHIV-1 RNA changesHIV-1 RNA levelsMonths of monotherapyThree-drug regimenTwo-drug armTwo-drug regimensGastrointestinal side effectsThree-drug combinationDelavirdine mesylateNon-nucleoside reverseCD4 countCD4 cellsHIV diseaseKey efficacyMulticenter trialCopies/Antiretroviral activityHIV-1Side effectsDidanosineZidovudine
1993
Effects of HIV infection on the serologic manifestations and response to treatment of syphilis in intravenous drug users.
Gourevitch M, Selwyn P, Davenny K, Buono D, Schoenbaum E, Klein R, Friedland G. Effects of HIV infection on the serologic manifestations and response to treatment of syphilis in intravenous drug users. Annals Of Internal Medicine 1993, 118: 350-5. PMID: 8094280, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-118-5-199303010-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersTreatment of syphilisStages of syphilisSerologic manifestationsDrug usersNontreponemal titersHIV infectionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionMethadone maintenance treatment programHIV serologic statusHIV-seronegative patientsHIV-seropositive patientsImmunodeficiency virus infectionHIV seropositive casesMaintenance treatment programFulminant manifestationCD4 countCohort studyHIV-seropositiveClinical courseStandard dosesEarly syphilisClinical manifestationsSerologic statusSerologic tests