Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Collaborators G, Kassebaum N, Barber R, Bhutta Z, Dandona L, Gething P, Hay S, Kinfu Y, Larson H, Liang X, Lim S, Lopez A, Lozano R, Mensah G, Mokdad A, Naghavi M, Pinho C, Salomon J, Steiner C, Vos T, Wang H, Abajobir A, Abate K, Abbas K, Abd-Allah F, Abdallat M, Abdulle A, Abera S, Aboyans V, Abubakar I, Abu-Rmeileh N, Achoki T, Adebiyi A, Adedeji I, Adelekan A, Adou A, Afanvi K, Agarwal A, Kiadaliri A, Ajala O, Akinyemiju T, Akseer N, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alasfoor D, Aldhahri S, Aldridge R, Alhabib S, Ali R, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Martin E, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Amberbir A, Amegah A, Ammar W, Amrock S, Andersen H, Anderson G, Antoine R, Antonio C, Aregay A, Ärnlöv J, Arora M, Arsenijevic V, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Atique S, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Azzopardi P, Bacha U, Badawi A, Bahit M, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Barac A, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Basu S, Bayou T, Bayou Y, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Beardsley J, Wang N, Bedi, Bekele T, Bell M, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Beyene A, Biadgilign S, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Biroscak B, Biryukov S, Bisanzio D, Bjertness E, Blore J, Brainin M, Brazinova A, Breitborde N, Brugha T, Butt Z, Campos-Nonato I, Campuzano J, Cárdenas R, Carrero J, Carter A, Casey D, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Castro R, Catalá-López F, Cavalleri F, Chang H, Chang J, Chavan L, Chibueze C, Chisumpa V, Choi J, Chowdhury R, Christopher D, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Coates M, Coggeshall M, Colistro V, Colquhoun S, Cooper C, Cooper L, Cortinovis M, Dahiru T, Damasceno A, Danawi H, Dandona R, Neves J, De Leo D, Dellavalle R, Deribe K, Deribew A, Jarlais D, Dharmaratne S, Dicker D, Ding E, Dossou E, Dubey M, Ebel B, Ellingsen C, Elyazar I, Endries A, Ermakov S, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Faraon E, Farid T, Farinha C, Faro A, Farvid M, Farzadfar F, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Fischer F, Fitchett J, Fleming T, Foigt N, Franca E, Franklin R, Fraser M, Friedman J, Fullman N, Fürst T, Futran N, Gambashidze K, Gamkrelidze A, Gebre T, Gebrehiwot T, Gebremedhin A, Gebremedhin M, Gebru A, Geleijnse J, Gibney K, Giref A, Giroud M, Gishu M, Glaser E, Goenka S, Gomez-Dantes H, Gona P, Goodridge A, Gopalani S, Goto A, Graetz N, Gugnani H, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta V, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu A, Hailu G, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hancock J, Handal A, Hankey G, Harb H, Harikrishnan S, Harun K, Havmoeller R, Hoek H, Horino M, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hoy D, Htet A, Hu G, Huang H, Huang J, Huybrechts I, Huynh C, Iannarone M, Iburg K, Idrisov B, Iyer V, Jacobsen K, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Javanbakht M, Jayatilleke A, Jee S, Jeemon P, Jha V, Jiang G, Jiang Y, Jibat T, Jonas J, Kabir Z, Kamal R, Kan H, Karch A, Karletsos D, Kasaeian A, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kayibanda J, Kazanjan K, Kazi D, Keiyoro P, Kemmer L, Kemp A, Kengne A, Keren A, Kereselidze M, Kesavachandran C, Khader Y, Khan A, Khan E, Khang Y, Khonelidze I, Khosravi A, Khubchandani J, Kim Y, Kivipelto M, Knibbs L, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Krishnaswami S, Defo B, Bicer B, Kudom A, Kulikoff X, Kulkarni C, Kumar G, Kutz M, Lal D, Lalloo R, Lam H, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Lan Q, Larsson A, Laryea D, Leigh J, Leung R, Li Y, Li Y, Lipshultz S, Liu P, Liu S, Liu Y, Lloyd B, Lotufo P, Lunevicius R, Ma S, Razek H, Razek M, Majdan M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Mapoma C, Marcenes W, Margolis D, Marquez N, Masiye F, Marzan M, Mason-Jones A, Mazorodze T, Meaney P, Mehari A, Mehndiratta M, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Mekonnen A, Melaku Y, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mhimbira F, Miller T, Mills E, Mirarefin M, Misganaw A, Ibrahim N, Mohammad K, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Mola G, Monasta L, de la Cruz Monis J, Hernandez J, Montero P, Montico M, Mooney M, Moore A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morawska L, Mori R, Mueller U, Murthy G, Murthy S, Nachega J, Naheed A, Naldi L, Nand D, Nangia V, Nash D, Neupane S, Newton J, Ng M, Ngalesoni F, Nguhiu P, Nguyen G, Le Nguyen Q, Nisar M, Nomura M, Norheim O, Norman R, Nyakarahuka L, Obermeyer C, Ogbo F, Oh I, Ojelabi F, Olivares P, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Opio J, Oren E, Ota E, Oyekale A, Mahesh P, Pain A, Papantoniou N, Park E, Park H, Caicedo A, Patten S, Paul V, Pereira D, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Phillips M, Pillay J, Pishgar F, Polinder S, Pope D, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman S, Kumar R, Ram U, Ranabhat C, Rangaswamy T, Rao P, Refaat A, Remuzzi G, Resnikoff S, Rojas-Rueda D, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roy A, Ruhago G, Sagar R, Saleh M, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño M, Santos I, Santos J, Sarmiento-Suarez R, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Savic M, Sawhney M, Saylan M, Schneider I, Schwebel D, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Servan-Mori E, Setegn T, Shackelford K, Shaikh M, Shakh-Nazarova M, Sharma R, She J, Sheikhbahaei S, Shen J, Shibuya K, Shin M, Shiri R, Shishani K, Shiue I, Sigfusdottir I, Silpakit N, Silva D, Silveira D, Silverberg J, Simard E, Sindi S, Singh A, Singh J, Singh O, Singh P, Singh V, Skirbekk V, Sligar A, Sliwa K, Smith J, Soneji S, Sorensen R, Soriano J, Soshnikov S, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Stathopoulou V, Stroumpoulis K, Sturua L, Sunguya B, Swaminathan S, Sykes B, Szoeke C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb K, Talongwa R, Tavakkoli M, Taye B, Tedla B, Tefera W, Tekle T, Shifa G, Terkawi A, Tesfay F, Tessema G, Thomson A, Thorne-Lyman A, Tobe-Gai R, Topor-Madry R, Towbin J, Tran B, Dimbuene Z, Tura A, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Uthman O, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Violante F, Vladimirov S, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Wagner J, Wang L, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Wijeratne T, Wilkinson J, Wiysonge C, Woldeyohannes S, Wolfe C, Wolock T, Won S, Wubshet M, Xiao Q, Xu G, Yadav A, Yakob B, Yalew A, Yano Y, Yebyo H, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Younis M, Yu C, Yu S, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zeeb H, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Zodpey S, Zuhlke L, Murray C. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet 2016, 388: 1775-1812. PMID: 27733286, PMCID: PMC5224694, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31470-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntenatal care visitsLate maternal deathsMaternal deathsMaternal mortalitySocio-demographic IndexSDI quintileMaternal disordersCare visitsRoutine reproductive health careSDG 3.1Reproductive health care servicesHigh SDI quintileDisease Study 2015Skilled birth attendanceMaternal mortality ratioReproductive health careHealth system capacityHealth care servicesFamily planning servicesEctopic pregnancyCause mortalityBirth attendanceFacility deliveryGBD 2013Mortality ratioGlobal, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Collaborators G, Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber R, Bhutta Z, Brown A, Carter A, Casey D, Charlson F, Chen A, Coggeshall M, Cornaby L, Dandona L, Dicker D, Dilegge T, Erskine H, Ferrari A, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Forouzanfar M, Fullman N, Gething P, Goldberg E, Graetz N, Haagsma J, Hay S, Johnson C, Kassebaum N, Kawashima T, Kemmer L, Khalil I, Kinfu Y, Kyu H, Leung J, Liang X, Lim S, Lopez A, Lozano R, Marczak L, Mensah G, Mokdad A, Naghavi M, Nguyen G, Nsoesie E, Olsen H, Pigott D, Pinho C, Rankin Z, Reinig N, Salomon J, Sandar L, Smith A, Stanaway J, Steiner C, Teeple S, Thomas B, Troeger C, Wagner J, Wang H, Wanga V, Whiteford H, Zoeckler L, Abajobir A, Abate K, Abbafati C, Abbas K, Abd-Allah F, Abraham B, Abubakar I, Abu-Raddad L, Abu-Rmeileh N, Ackerman I, Adebiyi A, Ademi Z, Adou A, Afanvi K, Agardh E, Agarwal A, Kiadaliri A, Ahmadieh H, Ajala O, Akinyemi R, Akseer N, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Aldhahri S, Alegretti M, Alemu Z, Alexander L, Alhabib S, Ali R, Alkerwi A, Alla F, Allebeck P, Al-Raddadi R, Alsharif U, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare A, Amberbir A, Amini H, Ammar W, Amrock S, Andersen H, Anderson G, Anderson B, Antonio C, Aregay A, Ärnlöv J, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Assadi R, Atique S, Avokpaho E, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Azzopardi P, Bacha U, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Barac A, Barker-Collo S, Bärnighausen T, Barregard L, Barrero L, Basu A, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Beghi E, Bell B, Bell M, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Benzian H, Berhane A, Bernabé E, Betsu B, Beyene A, Bhala N, Bhatt S, Biadgilign S, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Biryukov S, Bisanzio D, Bjertness E, Blore J, Borschmann R, Boufous S, Brainin M, Brazinova A, Breitborde N, Brown J, Buchbinder R, Buckle G, Butt Z, Calabria B, Campos-Nonato I, Campuzano J, Carabin H, Cárdenas R, Carpenter D, Carrero J, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Rivas J, Catalá-López F, Chang J, Chiang P, Chibueze C, Chisumpa V, Choi J, Chowdhury R, Christensen H, Christopher D, Ciobanu L, Cirillo M, Coates M, Colquhoun S, Cooper C, Cortinovis M, Crump J, Damtew S, Dandona R, Daoud F, Dargan P, Neves J, Davey G, Davis A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Del Gobbo L, Dellavalle R, Deribe K, Deribew A, Derrett S, Jarlais D, Dharmaratne S, Dhillon P, Diaz-Torné C, Ding E, Driscoll T, Duan L, Dubey M, Duncan B, Ebrahimi H, Ellenbogen R, Elyazar I, Endres M, Endries A, Ermakov S, Eshrati B, Estep K, Farid T, Farinha C, Faro A, Farvid M, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Felson D, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Fernandes J, Fischer F, Fitchett J, Foreman K, Fowkes F, Fox J, Franklin R, Friedman J, Frostad J, Fürst T, Futran N, Gabbe B, Ganguly P, Gankpé F, Gebre T, Gebrehiwot T, Gebremedhin A, Geleijnse J, Gessner B, Gibney K, Ginawi I, Giref A, Giroud M, Gishu M, Giussani G, Glaser E, Godwin W, Gomez-Dantes H, Gona P, Goodridge A, Gopalani S, Gotay C, Goto A, Gouda H, Grainger R, Greaves F, Guillemin F, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gupta V, Gutiérrez R, Haile D, Hailu A, Hailu G, Halasa Y, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hammami M, Hancock J, Handal A, Hankey G, Hao Y, Harb H, Harikrishnan S, Haro J, Havmoeller R, Hay R, Heredia-Pi I, Heydarpour P, Hoek H, Horino M, Horita N, Hosgood H, Hoy D, Htet A, Huang H, Huang J, Huynh C, Iannarone M, Iburg K, Innos K, Inoue M, Iyer V, Jacobsen K, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jayatilleke A, Jee S, Jeemon P, Jensen P, Jiang Y, Jibat T, Jimenez-Corona A, Jin Y, Jonas J, Kabir Z, Kalkonde Y, Kamal R, Kan H, Karch A, Karema C, Karimkhani C, Kasaeian A, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Keiyoro P, Kemp A, Keren A, Kesavachandran C, Khader Y, Khan A, Khan E, Khang Y, Khera S, Khoja T, Khubchandani J, Kieling C, Kim P, Kim C, Kim D, Kim Y, Kissoon N, Knibbs L, Knudsen A, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec J, Kosen S, Kotsakis G, Koul P, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko M, Defo B, Bicer B, Kudom A, Kuipers E, Kumar G, Kutz M, Kwan G, Lal A, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lam H, Lam J, Langan S, Larsson A, Lavados P, Leasher J, Leigh J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Li Y, Liang J, Liu S, Liu Y, Lloyd B, Lo W, Logroscino G, Looker K, Lotufo P, Lunevicius R, Lyons R, Mackay M, Magdy M, Razek A, Mahdavi, Majdan M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Marcenes W, Margolis D, Martinez-Raga J, Masiye F, Massano J, McGarvey S, McGrath J, McKee M, McMahon B, Meaney P, Mehari A, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Mekonnen A, Melaku Y, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mhimbira F, Millear A, Miller T, Mills E, Mirarefin M, Mitchell P, Mock C, Mohammadi A, Mohammed S, Monasta L, Hernandez J, Montico M, Mooney M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morawska L, Mueller U, Mullany E, Mumford J, Murdoch M, Nachega J, Nagel G, Naheed A, Naldi L, Nangia V, Newton J, Ng M, Ngalesoni F, Le Nguyen Q, Nisar M, Pete P, Nolla J, Norheim O, Norman R, Norrving B, Nunes B, Ogbo F, Oh I, Ohkubo T, Olivares P, Olusanya B, Olusanya J, Ortiz A, Osman M, Ota E, Mahesh P, Park E, Parsaeian M, de Azeredo Passos V, Caicedo A, Patten S, Patton G, Pereira D, Perez-Padilla R, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Phillips M, Piel F, Pillay J, Pishgar F, Plass D, Platts-Mills J, Polinder S, Pond C, Popova S, Poulton R, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Prasad N, Qorbani M, Rabiee R, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman S, Kumar R, Rajsic S, Ram U, Rao P, Refaat A, Reitsma M, Remuzzi G, Resnikoff S, Reynolds A, Ribeiro A, Blancas M, Roba H, Rojas-Rueda D, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth G, Rothenbacher D, Roy A, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Niño M, Santos I, Santos J, Sarmiento-Suarez R, Sartorius B, Satpathy M, Savic M, Sawhney M, Schaub M, Schmidt M, Schneider I, Schöttker B, Schwebel D, Scott J, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Servan-Mori E, Shackelford K, Shaheen A, Shaikh M, Sharma R, Sharma U, Shen J, Shepard D, Sheth K, Shibuya K, Shin M, Shiri R, Shiue I, Shrime M, Sigfusdottir I, Silva D, Silveira D, Singh A, Singh J, Singh O, Singh P, Sivonda A, Skirbekk V, Skogen J, Sligar A, Sliwa K, Soljak M, Søreide K, Sorensen R, Soriano J, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Stathopoulou V, Steel N, Stein D, Steiner T, Steinke S, Stovner L, Stroumpoulis K, Sunguya B, Sur P, Swaminathan S, Sykes B, Szoeke C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Takala J, Tandon N, Tanne D, Tavakkoli M, Taye B, Taylor H, Ao B, Tedla B, Terkawi A, Thomson A, Thorne-Lyman A, Thrift A, Thurston G, Tobe-Gai R, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Tran B, Truelsen T, Dimbuene Z, Tsilimbaris M, Tura A, Tuzcu E, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Undurraga E, Uneke C, Uthman O, van Gool C, Varakin Y, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Verma R, Violante F, Vladimirov S, Vlassov V, Vollset S, Wagner G, Waller S, Wang L, Watkins D, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Werdecker A, Westerman R, White R, Williams H, Wiysonge C, Wolfe C, Won S, Woodbrook R, Wubshet M, Xavier D, Xu G, Yadav A, Yan L, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Ye P, Yebyo H, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Younis M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zeeb H, Zhou M, Zodpey S, Zuhlke L, Murray C. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet 2016, 388: 1545-1602. PMID: 27733282, PMCID: PMC5055577, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31678-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-communicable diseasesDisMod-MR 2.1Iron deficiency anemiaNon-fatal outcomesHIV/AIDSGBD 2013Global burdenStudy 2015Risk Factors Study 2015Bayesian meta-regression toolTropical diseasesCentral Latin AmericaSense organ disordersUpper respiratory infectionDisease Study 2015Sequelae of diseaseTension-type headacheCause of yearsCombinations of prevalenceYears of lifePermanent cariesGBD studyNeck painGBD 2010Genital herpes