2016
Interleukin-17A Promotes CD8+ T Cell Cytotoxicity To Facilitate West Nile Virus Clearance
Acharya D, Wang P, Paul AM, Dai J, Gate D, Lowery JE, Stokic DS, Leis AA, Flavell RA, Town T, Fikrig E, Bai F. Interleukin-17A Promotes CD8+ T Cell Cytotoxicity To Facilitate West Nile Virus Clearance. Journal Of Virology 2016, 91: 10.1128/jvi.01529-16. PMID: 27795421, PMCID: PMC5165211, DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01529-16.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrainCytotoxicity, ImmunologicFemaleGene ExpressionHumansInterleukin-17MiceMice, Inbred C57BLNeuronsPrimary Cell CultureReceptors, Interleukin-17Recombinant ProteinsSurvival AnalysisT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicTreatment OutcomeViral LoadVirus ReplicationWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusConceptsT cell cytotoxicityRecombinant IL-17AWest Nile virus infectionWNV-infected miceIL-17AT cellsViral burdenWNV infectionCell cytotoxicityInterleukin-17AVirus infectionMicrobial infectionsIL-17A-deficient miceT cell-mediated clearanceHigh viral burdenT-cell axisLethal WNV infectionSurvival of miceDay 6 postinfectionT cell functionWild-type miceDiverse immune functionsIL-17A.Proinflammatory cytokinesAutoimmune diseases
2012
IL-22 Signaling Contributes to West Nile Encephalitis Pathogenesis
Wang P, Bai F, Zenewicz LA, Dai J, Gate D, Cheng G, Yang L, Qian F, Yuan X, Montgomery RR, Flavell RA, Town T, Fikrig E. IL-22 Signaling Contributes to West Nile Encephalitis Pathogenesis. PLOS ONE 2012, 7: e44153. PMID: 22952908, PMCID: PMC3429482, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044153.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWild-type miceCentral nervous systemIL-22Viral loadNeutrophil migrationType miceWest Nile virus encephalitisSimilar viral loadsLethal WNV infectionIL-22 signalingHost immune responseWNV neuroinvasionVirus encephalitisCXCR2 ligandsLeukocyte infiltrateProinflammatory cytokinesChemokine receptorsImmune responseWNV infectionViral infectionNervous systemSignaling contributesExtracellular pathogensNon-redundant roleWT leukocytes
2009
Toll-like Receptor 7 Mitigates Lethal West Nile Encephalitis via Interleukin 23-Dependent Immune Cell Infiltration and Homing
Town T, Bai F, Wang T, Kaplan AT, Qian F, Montgomery RR, Anderson JF, Flavell RA, Fikrig E. Toll-like Receptor 7 Mitigates Lethal West Nile Encephalitis via Interleukin 23-Dependent Immune Cell Infiltration and Homing. Immunity 2009, 30: 242-253. PMID: 19200759, PMCID: PMC2707901, DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.11.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsToll-like receptor 7West Nile virusReceptor 7WNV infectionImmune cell infiltrationLethal WNV infectionMyeloid differentiation factorIL-23 p19IL-23 responsesIL-12 p40West Nile encephalitisIL-12 p35Infected target cellsHost defense mechanismsRNA flavivirusInnate cytokinesWNV encephalitisInterleukin-12Cell infiltrationImmune cellsTarget organsVariable severityMiceTarget cellsTissue concentrations
2008
Drak2 Contributes to West Nile Virus Entry into the Brain and Lethal Encephalitis
Wang S, Welte T, McGargill M, Town T, Thompson J, Anderson JF, Flavell RA, Fikrig E, Hedrick SM, Wang T. Drak2 Contributes to West Nile Virus Entry into the Brain and Lethal Encephalitis. The Journal Of Immunology 2008, 181: 2084-2091. PMID: 18641347, PMCID: PMC2494872, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2084.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT cellsWNV infectionIFN-gamma-producing T cellsWest Nile virus entryWNV-infected miceExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisLethal WNV infectionBlood-brain barrierGroups of miceDeath-associated protein familyWild-type miceAutoimmune encephalomyelitisWest Nile virusViral AgViral loadBrain barrierViral levelsLethal encephalitisPeripheral tissuesB cellsSystemic infectionMiceInfectionVirus entryBrain
2006
Gamma Interferon Plays a Crucial Early Antiviral Role in Protection against West Nile Virus Infection
Shrestha B, Wang T, Samuel MA, Whitby K, Craft J, Fikrig E, Diamond MS. Gamma Interferon Plays a Crucial Early Antiviral Role in Protection against West Nile Virus Infection. Journal Of Virology 2006, 80: 5338-5348. PMID: 16699014, PMCID: PMC1472130, DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00274-06.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWest Nile virusGammadelta T cellsIFN-gammaLymphoid tissueT cellsWNV infectionProtective roleSevere central nervous system infectionsCentral nervous system infectionWest Nile virus infectionGreater viral replicationNervous system infectionInfectious West Nile virusLethal WNV infectionPeripheral lymphoid tissuesIFN-gamma productionAlpha/beta interferonBone marrow reconstitution experimentsInnate immune response elementsDominant protective rolePrimary dendritic cellsAverage survival timeImmune response elementsEssential protective roleHigh viremia
2004
Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis
Wang T, Town T, Alexopoulou L, Anderson JF, Fikrig E, Flavell RA. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis. Nature Medicine 2004, 10: 1366-1373. PMID: 15558055, DOI: 10.1038/nm1140.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsApoptosisBlood-Brain BarrierBrainEncephalitisImmunohistochemistryInflammationMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMicroscopy, FluorescencePermeabilityReceptors, Cell SurfaceSignal TransductionToll-Like Receptor 3Toll-Like ReceptorsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaViral LoadWest Nile virusConceptsToll-like receptor 3West Nile virusWNV infectionViral loadInflammatory responseReceptor 3Blood-brain barrier compromiseTLR3-deficient miceWest Nile virus entryLethal WNV infectionBlood-brain barrierWild-type miceNeuronal injuryIntracerebroventricular administrationBrain infectionCytokine productionBrain penetrationTumor necrosisTLR3 stimulationLethal encephalitisBarrier compromiseVariable severityInfectionVirus entryNile virus