2018
Daily oscillations in expression and responsiveness of Toll-like receptors in splenic immune cells
Silver AC, Buckley SM, Hughes ME, Hastings AK, Nitabach MN, Fikrig E. Daily oscillations in expression and responsiveness of Toll-like receptors in splenic immune cells. Heliyon 2018, 4: e00579. PMID: 29862343, PMCID: PMC5968137, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdherent splenocytesToll-like receptor expressionMRNA levelsProtein levelsSplenic immune cellsToll-like receptorsDependent immune responsesZeitgeber time (ZT) 1Adherent cell populationDendritic cellsTLR3 ligandTLR ligandsCytokine expressionSplenocyte populationImmune cellsReceptor expressionImmune responseSplenic macrophagesB cellsRhythmic expressionCell populationsTLRSplenocytesDaily light-dark cycleCircadian rhythm
2012
Humoral immune responses in humanized BLT mice immunized with West Nile virus and HIV‐1 envelope proteins are largely mediated via human CD5+ B cells
Biswas S, Chang H, Sarkis P, Fikrig E, Zhu Q, Marasco W. Humoral immune responses in humanized BLT mice immunized with West Nile virus and HIV‐1 envelope proteins are largely mediated via human CD5+ B cells. Immunology 2012, 136: 361-361. PMCID: PMC3385036, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03586.x.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2011
Humoral immune responses in humanized BLT mice immunized with West Nile virus and HIV‐1 envelope proteins are largely mediated via human CD5+ B cells
Biswas S, Chang H, Sarkis PT, Fikrig E, Zhu Q, Marasco WA. Humoral immune responses in humanized BLT mice immunized with West Nile virus and HIV‐1 envelope proteins are largely mediated via human CD5+ B cells. Immunology 2011, 134: 419-433. PMID: 22044090, PMCID: PMC3230796, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03501.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHumoral immune responseImmune responseBLT miceB cellsB lymphocytesVaccine-induced humoral immune responsesVaccine-induced immune responsesVaccine-induced antibody responsesNon-obese diabetic/T cell-independent pathwayHIV-1 envelope proteinSecondary immune responseSingle intramuscular immunizationSpecific IgM levelsViral envelope antigensB cell subsetsAntigen-specific human antibodiesFollicular B cellsCytokines/growth factorsEnvelope proteinHuman B lymphocytesHuman lymphoid systemMature follicular B cellsWest Nile virus envelope proteinHuman T lymphocytesCircadian expression of clock genes in mouse macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells
Silver AC, Arjona A, Hughes ME, Nitabach MN, Fikrig E. Circadian expression of clock genes in mouse macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Brain Behavior And Immunity 2011, 26: 407-413. PMID: 22019350, PMCID: PMC3336152, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.10.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsARNTL Transcription FactorsB-LymphocytesCircadian RhythmCircadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and ProteinsCLOCK ProteinsDendritic CellsDNA-Binding ProteinsGene ExpressionMacrophagesMiceNuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1Period Circadian ProteinsPhotoperiodSpleenTranscription FactorsConceptsMolecular clock mechanismClock genesClock mechanismGene expressionClock-controlled transcription factorsFunctional molecular clockAspects of physiologyConstant environmental conditionsMolecular clockTranscription factorsCircadian expressionB cellsEnvironmental conditionsLight-dark cycleMouse macrophagesDaily rhythmsGenesExpressionCellsDendritic cellsMurine spleenMammalsMacrophagesSplenic NK cellsImmune cells
2008
Drak2 Contributes to West Nile Virus Entry into the Brain and Lethal Encephalitis
Wang S, Welte T, McGargill M, Town T, Thompson J, Anderson JF, Flavell RA, Fikrig E, Hedrick SM, Wang T. Drak2 Contributes to West Nile Virus Entry into the Brain and Lethal Encephalitis. The Journal Of Immunology 2008, 181: 2084-2091. PMID: 18641347, PMCID: PMC2494872, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2084.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT cellsWNV infectionIFN-gamma-producing T cellsWest Nile virus entryWNV-infected miceExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisLethal WNV infectionBlood-brain barrierGroups of miceDeath-associated protein familyWild-type miceAutoimmune encephalomyelitisWest Nile virusViral AgViral loadBrain barrierViral levelsLethal encephalitisPeripheral tissuesB cellsSystemic infectionMiceInfectionVirus entryBrain
1993
Long-term study of cell-mediated responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in the laboratory mouse
de Souza MS, Smith AL, Beck DS, Terwilliger GA, Fikrig E, Barthold SW. Long-term study of cell-mediated responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in the laboratory mouse. Infection And Immunity 1993, 61: 1814-1822. PMID: 8478071, PMCID: PMC280770, DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.5.1814-1822.1993.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT cell responsesDelayed-type hypersensitivity responseVigorous T cell responseRecipient C3H miceCell-mediated responsesAntigen-specific proliferationBorrelia burgdorferi infectionB cell mitogensAntigen-specific assaysLaboratory miceAdoptive transferImmune dysfunctionHypersensitivity responseResistant miceLymphocyte proliferationLymphoid organsBurgdorferi infectionC3H miceInterleukin-2Prostaglandin productionB cellsDiminished numberLyme borreliosisImpaired proliferationLong-term studies
1992
Nonspecific Proliferative Responses of Murine Lymphocytes to Borrelia burgdorferi Antigens
de Souza M, Fikrig E, Smith A, Flavell R, Barthold SW. Nonspecific Proliferative Responses of Murine Lymphocytes to Borrelia burgdorferi Antigens. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1992, 165: 471-478. PMID: 1531672, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/165.3.471.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntigens, BacterialAntigens, SurfaceBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBacterial ProteinsBacterial VaccinesBorrelia burgdorferi GroupDose-Response Relationship, ImmunologicFlow CytometryImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MLipopolysaccharidesLipoproteinsLymphocyte ActivationMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C3HRecombinant ProteinsSpecific Pathogen-Free OrganismsConceptsBorrelia burgdorferi antigensNaive splenocytesNonspecific proliferationProliferative responseB. burgdorferiC3H/HeNCrlBR miceRecombinant outer surface proteinB cell-enriched fractionC3H/HeJ miceNonspecific proliferative responseAntigen-specific proliferationStrains of miceCell-enriched fractionB. burgdorferi spirochetesIgG synthesisHeJ miceB cellsMitogenic effectOuter surface proteinsMurine lymphocytesLyme borreliosisMiceSplenocytesBurgdorferiAntigen