Four‐dimensional dynamics of MAPK information‐processing systems
Kholodenko BN, Birtwistle MR. Four‐dimensional dynamics of MAPK information‐processing systems. WIREs Mechanisms Of Disease 2009, 1: 28-44. PMID: 20182652, PMCID: PMC2826817, DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.16.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultiple target proteinsMyriad of stimuliCell surface receptorsMAPK cascadeActive kinasePhosphorylation signalsProtein phosphorylationCellular outcomesCytosolic localizationProtein kinaseEndocytotic traffickingPlasma membraneProtein activityTarget proteinsMembrane confinementXenopus eggsToggle switchKinaseMolecular motorsIntracellular gradientsSpatio-temporal guidanceLarge cellsFour-dimensional dynamicsPhosphorylationTrafficking