2024
Identification of the potassium-binding site in serotonin transporter
Hellsberg E, Boytsov D, Chen Q, Niello M, Freissmuth M, Rudnick G, Zhang Y, Sandtner W, Forrest L. Identification of the potassium-binding site in serotonin transporter. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2024, 121: e2319384121. PMID: 38652746, PMCID: PMC11067047, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319384121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerotonin transporterSite-directed mutagenesis of residuesMutagenesis of residuesSite-directed mutagenesisHeterologous expression systemStudy of vesiclesNa2 siteClearance of serotoninPatch-clamp recordingsExpression systemBinding residuesSequential bindingMolecular dynamics simulationsBinding sitesPotassium binding siteSubstrate accumulationClamp recordingsVesiclesResiduesTurnover rateBindingStructural studiesChemical gradientsBinding configurationsSynaptic cleft
2023
Structure-based discovery of conformationally selective inhibitors of the serotonin transporter
Singh I, Seth A, Billesbølle C, Braz J, Rodriguiz R, Roy K, Bekele B, Craik V, Huang X, Boytsov D, Pogorelov V, Lak P, O'Donnell H, Sandtner W, Irwin J, Roth B, Basbaum A, Wetsel W, Manglik A, Shoichet B, Rudnick G. Structure-based discovery of conformationally selective inhibitors of the serotonin transporter. Cell 2023, 186: 2160-2175.e17. PMID: 37137306, PMCID: PMC10306110, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.010.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2019
Serotonin transport in the 21st century
Rudnick G, Sandtner W. Serotonin transport in the 21st century. The Journal Of General Physiology 2019, 151: 1248-1264. PMID: 31570504, PMCID: PMC6829555, DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812066.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2013
Isoforms of the neuronal glutamate transporter gene, SLC1A1/EAAC1, negatively modulate glutamate uptake: relevance to obsessive-compulsive disorder
Porton B, Greenberg B, Askland K, Serra L, Gesmonde J, Rudnick G, Rasmussen S, Kao H. Isoforms of the neuronal glutamate transporter gene, SLC1A1/EAAC1, negatively modulate glutamate uptake: relevance to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Translational Psychiatry 2013, 3: e259-e259. PMID: 23695234, PMCID: PMC3669922, DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.35.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExcellent candidate geneObsessive-compulsive disorderNeuronal glutamate transporterGenomic levelInternal promoterCandidate genesPartial colocalizationTransporter geneGene expressionGenetic studiesGlutamate uptakeEAAC1 transporterPrimary promoterEAAC1 proteinGlutamate transporter geneGenesPhysiological regulatorIsoformsTranscriptsExon 2Glutamate transportersGlutamatergic gene expressionPromoterPotential clinical utilityNeuronal glutamate transporter gene
2012
The Mechanistic Basis for Noncompetitive Ibogaine Inhibition of Serotonin and Dopamine Transporters*
Bulling S, Schicker K, Zhang YW, Steinkellner T, Stockner T, Gruber CW, Boehm S, Freissmuth M, Rudnick G, Sitte HH, Sandtner W. The Mechanistic Basis for Noncompetitive Ibogaine Inhibition of Serotonin and Dopamine Transporters*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2012, 287: 18524-18534. PMID: 22451652, PMCID: PMC3365767, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.343681.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2011
Cytoplasmic Permeation Pathway of Neurotransmitter Transporters
Rudnick G. Cytoplasmic Permeation Pathway of Neurotransmitter Transporters. Biochemistry 2011, 50: 7462-7475. PMID: 21774491, PMCID: PMC3164596, DOI: 10.1021/bi200926b.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCytoplasmic permeation pathwaysBacterial amino acid transporter LeuTNeurotransmitter transportersPermeation pathwayKingdoms of lifeMammalian serotonin transporterHigh-resolution crystal structuresFour-helix bundleRecent high-resolution crystal structureSubsequent crystal structureStructural repeatsLeuT structureProtein familyCommon structural featuresSolute transportersRelated proteinsLarge structural familyCytoplasmic oneConformational changesSubstrate siteFirst structureBiological membranesTransportersLeuTExtracellular pathways
2008
Mechanism for alternating access in neurotransmitter transporters
Forrest LR, Zhang YW, Jacobs MT, Gesmonde J, Xie L, Honig BH, Rudnick G. Mechanism for alternating access in neurotransmitter transporters. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2008, 105: 10338-10343. PMID: 18647834, PMCID: PMC2480614, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804659105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeurotransmitter transportersMammalian neurotransmitter transportersMammalian serotonin transporterTransmembrane helix 1Bacterial homologueIon-binding sitesTransporter familyExtensive mutagenesisHelix 1Similar repeatsLeuTConformational changesSerotonin transporterRepeatsAlternate conformationConformational differencesExtracellular pathwaysCytoplasmTransportersExtracellular spaceCysteine reagentCrystal structureConformationPathwayAccessibility measurementsInvolvement of serotonin transporter extracellular loop 1 in serotonin binding and transport
Mao Y, Mao Y, Mathewson L, Mao Y, Mathewson L, Gesmonde J, Sato Y, Mao Y, Mathewson L, Gesmonde J, Sato Y, Holy M, Sitte H, Rudnick G. Involvement of serotonin transporter extracellular loop 1 in serotonin binding and transport. Molecular Membrane Biology 2008, 25: 115-127. PMID: 18307099, PMCID: PMC4510095, DOI: 10.1080/09687680701633257.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBiological TransportCell MembraneHeLa CellsHumansIndicators and ReagentsKineticsLigandsMesylatesMolecular Sequence DataMutant ProteinsProtein Structure, TertiaryRatsSequence DeletionSerotoninSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsStructure-Activity Relationship
2007
Interaction between lysine 102 and aspartate 338 in the insect amino acid cotransporter KAAT1
Castagna M, Soragna A, Mari S, Santacroce M, Betté S, Mandela P, Rudnick G, Peres A, Sacchi V. Interaction between lysine 102 and aspartate 338 in the insect amino acid cotransporter KAAT1. American Journal Of Physiology - Cell Physiology 2007, 293: c1286-c1295. PMID: 17626242, DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00190.2007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAmino Acid SubstitutionAmino Acid Transport Systems, NeutralAnimalsAspartic AcidBinding SitesBiological TransportCross-Linking ReagentsCysteineDithiothreitolFemaleInsect ProteinsKineticsLepidopteraLysineModels, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataOocytesPhenanthrolinesPotassiumProtein Structure, TertiarySequence Homology, Amino AcidSodiumTryptophanXenopus laevisConceptsSingle cysteine mutantsNeutral amino acid transporterSite-directed mutagenesisAmino acid transportersTransport-associated currentNSS transportersDouble mutantXenopus laevis oocytesCysteine mutantsWild typeDependent transportLysine 102MutantsSuper familyAcid transportersPermeation pathwayAmino acidsDisulfide bondsLaevis oocytesFunctional evidenceAsp338Leucine uptakeKAAT1Spatial organizationResidues
2001
A Conformationally Sensitive Residue on the Cytoplasmic Surface of Serotonin Transporter*
Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Ghassemi F, Rudnick G. A Conformationally Sensitive Residue on the Cytoplasmic Surface of Serotonin Transporter*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2001, 276: 45933-45938. PMID: 11592963, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107462200.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchThe NH2-terminus of Norepinephrine Transporter Contains a Basolateral Localization Signal for Epithelial Cells
Gu H, Wu X, Giros B, Caron M, Caplan M, Rudnick G. The NH2-terminus of Norepinephrine Transporter Contains a Basolateral Localization Signal for Epithelial Cells. Molecular Biology Of The Cell 2001, 12: 3797-3807. PMID: 11739781, PMCID: PMC60756, DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.12.3797.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCell LineCell PolarityDogsDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsEpithelial CellsHumansMembrane GlycoproteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsMiceMicroscopy, ConfocalMolecular Sequence DataMutagenesis, Site-DirectedNerve Tissue ProteinsNorepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsProtein Sorting SignalsSequence AlignmentSymportersConceptsBasolateral localization signalLocalization signalDileucine motifPlasma membraneBasolateral localizationOverall amino acid sequence identityAmino acid sequence identityTerminal regionMDCK cellsApical plasma membraneBasolateral membraneEpithelial cellsSequence identityApical localizationChimeric proteinTransport assaysTransporter localizationAmino acidsApical membraneNorepinephrine transporterTransportersCorresponding sequenceDopamine transporterSame mutationMembraneA Lithium-induced Conformational Change in Serotonin Transporter Alters Cocaine Binding, Ion Conductance, and Reactivity of Cys-109*
Ni Y, Chen J, Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Huang C, Moczydlowski E, Rudnick G. A Lithium-induced Conformational Change in Serotonin Transporter Alters Cocaine Binding, Ion Conductance, and Reactivity of Cys-109*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2001, 276: 30942-30947. PMID: 11408487, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104653200.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1999
Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a bovine serotonin transporter1The sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank data base (accession number AF119122).1
Mortensen O, Kristensen A, Rudnick G, Wiborg O. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a bovine serotonin transporter1The sequence reported in this paper has been deposited in the GenBank data base (accession number AF119122).1. Brain Research 1999, 71: 120-126. PMID: 10407194, DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(99)00178-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCarrier ProteinsCattleCitalopramCloning, MolecularDesipramineFemaleFluoxetineHeLa CellsHumansImipramineKineticsMembrane GlycoproteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataNerve Tissue ProteinsN-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamineOrgan SpecificityParoxetinePhylogenyPregnancyRatsRecombinant ProteinsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionSequence AlignmentSequence Homology, Amino AcidSerotoninSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsTransfectionConceptsSerotonin transporterHuman serotonin transporterExpression of SERTAdrenal glandBrain stemParathyroid glandsPharmacological profileBone marrowThyroid glandSmall intestinePharmacological targetsRT-PCR amplificationDecreased sensitivityExtracellular fluidGlandAmino acid differencesBiogenic aminesNeurotransmitter transportersDependent neurotransmitter transportersImportant antidepressantsAcid differencesDifferent tissuesAntidepressantsParoxetineDesipramine
1998
Critical Amino Acid Residues in Transmembrane Span 7 of the Serotonin Transporter Identified by Random Mutagenesis*
Penado K, Rudnick G, Stephan M. Critical Amino Acid Residues in Transmembrane Span 7 of the Serotonin Transporter Identified by Random Mutagenesis*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1998, 273: 28098-28106. PMID: 9774428, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.43.28098.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBiological TransportCarrier ProteinsMembrane GlycoproteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsModels, MolecularMolecular Sequence DataMutagenesisNerve Tissue ProteinsProtein ConformationRatsSerotoninSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsStructure-Activity RelationshipConceptsAmino acid residuesRandom mutagenesisAcid residuesTransport activityCritical amino acid residuesRat brain serotonin transporterCritical residuesTransport cycleWild typeNonconservative mutationsStructural predictionsTransporter functionLater stepsMutationsSerotonin transporterResiduesMutagenesisHydrophobic substitutionsTyr-385TransportersMutantsActivitySubstitutionNearby positionsBioenergetics of Neurotransmitter Transport
Rudnick G. Bioenergetics of Neurotransmitter Transport. Journal Of Bioenergetics And Biomembranes 1998, 30: 173-185. PMID: 9672239, DOI: 10.1023/a:1020573325823.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsSynaptic vesicle membranePlasma membrane transportersRecycling of neurotransmittersGene familyVesicle lumenPlasma membraneMembrane transportersNeurotransmitter transportersVesicle membraneNeurotransmitter transportVesicular transportersAmino acidsTransportersCoupling stoichiometryDownhill movementCytoplasmEssential componentUphill transportFamilyMembraneEffluxBioenergeticsImportant drugsProteinInflux[16] Ion-coupled neurotransmitter transport: Thermodynamic vs. kinetic determinations of stoichiometry
Rudnick G. [16] Ion-coupled neurotransmitter transport: Thermodynamic vs. kinetic determinations of stoichiometry. Methods In Enzymology 1998, 296: 233-247. PMID: 9779452, DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(98)96018-9.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsNumber of ionsKinetic determinationMolecular machinesCharge movesIonsLipid bilayersNeurotransmitter moleculesMoleculesInput of energySteady-state distributionLow concentrationsChargeElectrical potentialMembraneIon gradientsStoichiometryHigh concentrationsUltimate concentrationNaConcentrationEnergyBilayersNeurotransmitter transportersNumber of NaNeurotransmitter transport
1997
Placental biogenic amine transporters: cloning and expression
Padbury J, Tseng Y, McGonnigal B, Penado K, Stephan M, Rudnick G. Placental biogenic amine transporters: cloning and expression. Brain Research 1997, 45: 163-168. PMID: 9105686, DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(96)00309-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBase SequenceBrainCarrier ProteinsCell MembraneCloning, MolecularFemaleHumansMembrane GlycoproteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsPlacentaPregnancyProtein BiosynthesisRecombinant ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidSerotoninSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsSheepExternal Cysteine Residues in the Serotonin Transporter †
Chen J, Liu-Chen S, Rudnick G. External Cysteine Residues in the Serotonin Transporter †. Biochemistry 1997, 36: 1479-1486. PMID: 9063896, DOI: 10.1021/bi962256g.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTransport activityMTS reagentsCysteine residuesWild typeWild-type transporterSecond external loopTransient expression systemSurface expressionRat serotonin transporterExternal cysteine residuesHydropathy analysisMutant transportersType transporterDouble mutantExpression systemMethanethiosulfonate reagentsLigand bindingSerotonin transporterMutantsExtracellular loopHeLa cellsDisulfide bondsPartial activityTransportersSerine
1996
Cell-specific Sorting of Biogenic Amine Transporters Expressed in Epithelial Cells*
Gu H, Ahn J, Caplan M, Blakely R, Levey A, Rudnick G. Cell-specific Sorting of Biogenic Amine Transporters Expressed in Epithelial Cells*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1996, 271: 18100-18106. PMID: 8663573, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.30.18100.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBiogenic AminesBiological TransportCarrier ProteinsCell CompartmentationCell MembraneCell PolarityCells, CulturedDogsDopamineDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsEpithelial CellsHumansImmunohistochemistryMembrane GlycoproteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsNerve Tissue ProteinsNorepinephrineNorepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsRatsRecombinant ProteinsSerotoninSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsSymportersConceptsMadin-Darby canine kidneyMDCK cellsLLC-PK1 cellsNeurotransmitter transportersCell surface biotinylationConfocal immunofluorescence microscopyBasolateral membraneCell-specific mechanismsEpithelial cellsBiogenic amine transportersMembrane proteinsSurface biotinylationCDNA encodingHuman DA transporterAmine transportersImmunofluorescence microscopyBiotinylating reagentTransportersPermeable filter supportsApical surfaceImmunocytochemistry resultsBasolateral mediumSurface expressionApical sideDA transporterPolarized Expression of GABA Transporters in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells and Cultured Hippocampal Neurons (∗)
Ahn J, Mundigl O, Muth T, Rudnick G, Caplan M. Polarized Expression of GABA Transporters in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells and Cultured Hippocampal Neurons (∗). Journal Of Biological Chemistry 1996, 271: 6917-6924. PMID: 8636119, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.12.6917.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAxonsBase SequenceCarrier ProteinsCell LineDNA PrimersDNA, ComplementaryDogsGABA Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidHippocampusKidneyMembrane ProteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsMicroinjectionsMolecular Sequence DataNeuronsOrganic Anion TransportersConceptsMadin-Darby canine kidney cellsCanine kidney cellsMDCK cellsBetaine transporterMembrane protein sortingAmino acid sequence identityApical membraneCell surface biotinylationGAT-2GABA transporterKidney cellsGamma-aminobutyric acid transporterEpithelial cellsProtein sortingGAT-1Polarized neuronsSurface biotinylationSequence identityAcid transportersCultured hippocampal neuronsHippocampal neuronsPolarized expressionCell typesTransporter GAT-1Basolateral surface