2024
Individual variation in the emergence of anterior-to-posterior neural fates from human pluripotent stem cells
Kim S, Seo S, Stein-O’Brien G, Jaishankar A, Ogawa K, Micali N, Luria V, Karger A, Wang Y, Kim H, Hyde T, Kleinman J, Voss T, Fertig E, Shin J, Bürli R, Cross A, Brandon N, Weinberger D, Chenoweth J, Hoeppner D, Sestan N, Colantuoni C, McKay R. Individual variation in the emergence of anterior-to-posterior neural fates from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2024, 19: 1336-1350. PMID: 39151428, PMCID: PMC11411333, DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.07.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHuman pluripotent stem cellsEarly mammalian developmentConsequences of variationPluripotent stem cellsTranscriptomic variationMammalian developmentTranscriptomic patternsTranscriptomic traitsReplicate linesMesendodermal lineagesNeural fateAdult tissuesLineagesHindbrain fateTranscriptional signatureTranscriptomic signaturesEarly eventLineage biasHuman pluripotent stem cell linesStem cellsFateIndividual variationAnterior to posterior structuresEpigenetic originCells
2023
Human-specific features and developmental dynamics of the brain N-glycome
Klarić T, Gudelj I, Santpere G, Novokmet M, Vučković F, Ma S, Doll H, Risgaard R, Bathla S, Karger A, Nairn A, Luria V, Bečeheli I, Sherwood C, Ely J, Hof P, Sousa A, Josić D, Lauc G, Sestan N. Human-specific features and developmental dynamics of the brain N-glycome. Science Advances 2023, 9: eadg2615. PMID: 38055821, PMCID: PMC10699788, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2615.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMolecular and cellular mechanisms of human cortical connectivity
Luria V, Ma S, Shibata M, Pattabiraman K, Sestan N. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of human cortical connectivity. Current Opinion In Neurobiology 2023, 80: 102699. PMID: 36921362, DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102699.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
Phylogenomic analyses of the genus Drosophila reveals genomic signals of climate adaptation
Li F, Rane R, Luria V, Xiong Z, Chen J, Li Z, Catullo R, Griffin P, Schiffer M, Pearce S, Lee S, McElroy K, Stocker A, Shirriffs J, Cockerell F, Coppin C, Sgrò C, Karger A, Cain J, Weber J, Santpere G, Kirschner M, Hoffmann A, Oakeshott J, Zhang G. Phylogenomic analyses of the genus Drosophila reveals genomic signals of climate adaptation. Molecular Ecology Resources 2021, 22: 1559-1581. PMID: 34839580, PMCID: PMC9299920, DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13561.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClimate generalistsDrosophila speciesGenus DrosophilaPhylogenomic analysisSignificant phylogenetic incongruenceEvolutionary genomic studiesMelanogaster species groupGenome-wide signalsDifferent climatic nichesHigh-quality assemblySmall population sizeIncomplete lineageSubgenus DrosophilaAsymmetric introgressionSubgenus SophophoraPhylogenetic incongruenceNew transcriptomesGene gainClimatic nicheGenome diversityNatural populationsWidespread speciesGenomic signalsSpecies groupsClimate nicheNoncanonical open reading frames encode functional proteins essential for cancer cell survival
Prensner J, Enache O, Luria V, Krug K, Clauser K, Dempster J, Karger A, Wang L, Stumbraite K, Wang V, Botta G, Lyons N, Goodale A, Kalani Z, Fritchman B, Brown A, Alan D, Green T, Yang X, Jaffe J, Roth J, Piccioni F, Kirschner M, Ji Z, Root D, Golub T. Noncanonical open reading frames encode functional proteins essential for cancer cell survival. Nature Biotechnology 2021, 39: 697-704. PMID: 33510483, PMCID: PMC8195866, DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-00806-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCancer cell linesOpen reading framePotential therapeutic targetCell linesGrowth inhibitory effectsCancer cell survivalInduced gene expression changesBreast cancerTherapeutic targetHuman cancer cell linesReading frameProtein expressionActive proteinProtein 1Gene expression changesCell survivalBiological effectsExpression changesViability defectsHuman genomeGenomic analysisCodon mutagenesisEctopic expressionFunctional proteinsKnockout
2020
TBIO-26. NON-CANONICAL OPEN READING FRAMES ENCODE FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS ESSENTIAL FOR CANCER CELL SURVIVAL
Prensner J, Enache O, Luria V, Krug K, Clauser K, Dempster J, Karger A, Wang L, Stumbraite K, Wang V, Botta G, Lyons N, Goodale A, Kalani Z, Fritchman B, Brown A, Alan D, Green T, Yang X, Jaffe J, Roth J, Piccioni F, Kirschner M, Ji Z, Root D, Golub T. TBIO-26. NON-CANONICAL OPEN READING FRAMES ENCODE FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS ESSENTIAL FOR CANCER CELL SURVIVAL. Neuro-Oncology 2020, 22: iii471-iii471. PMCID: PMC7715501, DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.849.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchOpen reading frameNon-canonical open reading framesProtein translationReading frameMultiple cancer typesPutative non-coding RNAProtein-coding genesSingle-cell RNA sequencingNon-canonical proteinsFunctional genomic screensCancer-implicated genesCancer cell linesCell-autonomous mannerNon-coding RNANon-coding RNAsGene expression changesPotential cancer therapeutic targetCell linesHEK293T cellsCancer cell survivalCancer therapeutic targetNon-gonadal tissuesCell cycle arrestRibosome profilingCancer cell typesThe Geometry of Limb Motor Innervation is Controlled by the Dorsal–Ventral Compartment Boundary in the Chick Limbless Mutant
Luria V, Laufer E. The Geometry of Limb Motor Innervation is Controlled by the Dorsal–Ventral Compartment Boundary in the Chick Limbless Mutant. Neuroscience 2020, 450: 29-47. PMID: 33038447, PMCID: PMC9922539, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.054.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchThe whale shark genome reveals how genomic and physiological properties scale with body size
Weber J, Park S, Luria V, Jeon S, Kim H, Jeon Y, Bhak Y, Jun J, Kim S, Hong W, Lee S, Cho Y, Karger A, Cain J, Manica A, Kim S, Kim J, Edwards J, Bhak J, Church G. The whale shark genome reveals how genomic and physiological properties scale with body size. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 20662-20671. PMID: 32753383, PMCID: PMC7456109, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922576117.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhale shark genomeShark genomeBody sizeGene lengthWhale sharksLarge-scale comparative genomic analysisLong neural genesMetazoan genome architectureSlow evolutionary rateComparative genomics approachLonger gene lengthComparative genomic analysisMultiple genetic featuresCodon adaptation indexMetabolic rateAverage geneGenome architectureNeurodegeneration genesEvolutionary ratesMost genomesGenomic approachesGenomic traitsNeural genesGenome featuresBiological traitsSub-Acute Treatment of Curcumin Derivative J147 Ameliorates Depression-Like Behavior Through 5-HT1A-Mediated cAMP Signaling
Li J, Chen L, Li G, Chen X, Hu S, Zheng L, Luria V, Lv J, Sun Y, Xu Y, Yu Y. Sub-Acute Treatment of Curcumin Derivative J147 Ameliorates Depression-Like Behavior Through 5-HT1A-Mediated cAMP Signaling. Frontiers In Neuroscience 2020, 14: 701. PMID: 32733195, PMCID: PMC7360862, DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00701.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAntidepressant-like effectsDepression-like behaviorSub-acute treatmentMajor depressive disorderAcute treatmentNAD-299Rapid antidepressant-like effectsNeurotrophic factor levelsTail suspension testHippocampus of miceMale ICR miceSevere mental disordersMouse cortical tissueDose-dependent mannerRadioligand binding assaysMechanism of actionBDNF expressionImmobility timeICR miceNAS-181Depressive disorderReceptor subtypesTreatment periodSuspension testMental disorderstrans-Resveratrol ameliorates anxiety-like behaviors and neuropathic pain in mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Yuan Y, Zhen L, Li Z, Xu W, Leng H, Xu W, Zheng V, Luria V, Pan J, Tao Y, Zhang H, Cao S, Xu Y. trans-Resveratrol ameliorates anxiety-like behaviors and neuropathic pain in mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal Of Psychopharmacology 2020, 34: 726-736. PMID: 32308103, DOI: 10.1177/0269881120914221.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressionPhosphorylated cAMP response elementAnxiety-like behaviorNeurotrophic factor expressionNeuropathic painCAMP response elementBrain-derived neurotrophic factor levelsGlucocorticoid receptorFactor expressionProlonged stressStress-induced anxiety-like behaviorStress disorderCold allodynia testsNeurotrophic factor levelsAdrenal axis functionPain-related regionsLocomotor activity testSerum corticosterone levelsMarble burying testNumber of marblesProtein kinase APost-traumatic stress disorderEnzyme-linked immunosorbentClassical animal modelsResponse element
2019
Heterozygous Variants in KMT2E Cause a Spectrum of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy
O’Donnell-Luria A, Pais L, Faundes V, Wood J, Sveden A, Luria V, Jamra R, Accogli A, Amburgey K, Anderlid B, Azzarello-Burri S, Basinger A, Bianchini C, Bird L, Buchert R, Carre W, Ceulemans S, Charles P, Cox H, Culliton L, Currò A, Study D, McRae J, Clayton S, Fitzgerald T, Kaplanis J, Prigmore E, Rajan D, Sifrim A, Aitken S, Akawi N, Alvi M, Ambridge K, Barrett D, Bayzetinova T, Jones P, Jones W, King D, Krishnappa N, Mason L, Singh T, Tivey A, Ahmed M, Anjum U, Archer H, Armstrong R, Awada J, Balasubramanian M, Banka S, Baralle D, Barnicoat A, Batstone P, Baty D, Bennett C, Berg J, Bernhard B, Bevan A, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Blair E, Blyth M, Bohanna D, Bourdon L, Bourn D, Bradley L, Brady A, Brent S, Brewer C, Brunstrom K, Bunyan D, Burn J, Canham N, Castle B, Chandler K, Chatzimichali E, Cilliers D, Clarke A, Clasper S, Clayton-Smith J, Clowes V, Coates A, Cole T, Colgiu I, Collins A, Collinson M, Connell F, Cooper N, Cox H, Cresswell L, Cross G, Crow Y, D’Alessandro M, Dabir T, Davidson R, Davies S, de Vries D, Dean J, Deshpande C, Devlin G, Dixit A, Dobbie A, Donaldson A, Donnai D, Donnelly D, Donnelly C, Douglas A, Douzgou S, Duncan A, Eason J, Ellard S, Ellis I, Elmslie F, Evans K, Everest S, Fendick T, Fisher R, Flinter F, Foulds N, Fry A, Fryer A, Gardiner C, Gaunt L, Ghali N, Gibbons R, Gill H, Goodship J, Goudie D, Gray E, Green A, Greene P, Greenhalgh L, Gribble S, Harrison R, Harrison L, Harrison V, Hawkins R, He L, Hellens S, Henderson A, Hewitt S, Hildyard L, Hobson E, Holden S, Holder M, Holder S, Hollingsworth G, Homfray T, Humphreys M, Hurst J, Hutton B, Ingram S, Irving M, Islam L, Jackson A, Jarvis J, Jenkins L, Johnson D, Jones E, Josifova D, Joss S, Kaemba B, Kazembe S, Kelsell R, Kerr B, Kingston H, Kini U, Kinning E, Kirby G, Kirk C, Kivuva E, Kraus A, Kumar D, Kumar V, Lachlan K, Lam W, Lampe A, Langman C, Lees M, Lim D, Longman C, Lowther G, Lynch S, Magee A, Maher E, Male A, Mansour S, Marks K, Martin K, Maye U, McCann E, McConnell V, McEntagart M, McGowan R, McKay K, McKee S, McMullan D, McNerlan S, McWilliam C, Mehta S, Metcalfe K, Middleton A, Miedzybrodzka Z, Miles E, Mohammed S, Montgomery T, Moore D, Morgan S, Morton J, Mugalaasi H, Murday V, Murphy H, Naik S, Nemeth A, Nevitt L, Newbury-Ecob R, Norman A, O’Shea R, Ogilvie C, Ong K, Park S, Parker M, Patel C, Paterson J, Payne S, Perrett D, Phipps J, Pilz D, Pollard M, Pottinger C, Poulton J, Pratt N, Prescott K, Price S, Pridham A, Procter A, Purnell H, Quarrell O, Ragge N, Rahbari R, Randall J, Rankin J, Raymond L, Rice D, Robert L, Roberts E, Roberts J, Roberts P, Roberts G, Ross A, Rosser E, Saggar A, Samant S, Sampson J, Sandford R, Sarkar A, Schweiger S, Scott R, Scurr I, Selby A, Seller A, Sequeira C, Shannon N, Sharif S, Shaw-Smith C, Shearing E, Shears D, Sheridan E, Simonic I, Singzon R, Skitt Z, Smith A, Smith K, Smithson S, Sneddon L, Splitt M, Squires M, Stewart F, Stewart H, Straub V, Suri M, Sutton V, Swaminathan G, Sweeney E, Tatton-Brown K, Taylor C, Taylor R, Tein M, Temple I, Thomson J, Tischkowitz M, Tomkins S, Torokwa A, Treacy B, Turner C, Turnpenny P, Tysoe C, Vandersteen A, Varghese V, Vasudevan P, Vijayarangakannan P, Vogt J, Wakeling E, Wallwark S, Waters J, Weber A, Wellesley D, Whiteford M, Widaa S, Wilcox S, Wilkinson E, Williams D, Williams N, Wilson L, Woods G, Wragg C, Wright M, Yates L, Yau M, Nellåker C, Parker M, Firth H, Wright C, FitzPatrick D, Barrett J, Hurles M, Demurger F, Dowling J, Duban-Bedu B, Dubourg C, Eiset S, Escobar L, Ferrarini A, Haack T, Hashim M, Heide S, Helbig K, Helbig I, Heredia R, Héron D, Isidor B, Jonasson A, Joset P, Keren B, Kok F, Kroes H, Lavillaureix A, Lu X, Maas S, Maegawa G, Marcelis C, Mark P, Masruha M, McLaughlin H, McWalter K, Melchinger E, Mercimek-Andrews S, Nava C, Pendziwiat M, Person R, Ramelli G, Ramos L, Rauch A, Reavey C, Renieri A, Rieß A, Sanchez-Valle A, Sattar S, Saunders C, Schwarz N, Smol T, Srour M, Steindl K, Syrbe S, Taylor J, Telegrafi A, Thiffault I, Trauner D, van der Linden H, van Koningsbruggen S, Villard L, Vogel I, Vogt J, Weber Y, Wentzensen I, Widjaja E, Zak J, Baxter S, Banka S, Rodan L. Heterozygous Variants in KMT2E Cause a Spectrum of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy. American Journal Of Human Genetics 2019, 104: 1210-1222. PMID: 31079897, PMCID: PMC6556837, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMissense variantsTruncating variantsHeterozygous variantsDevelopmental delayFunctional gastrointestinal abnormalitiesAnti-epileptic medicationsNeurodevelopmental disordersInfantile epileptic encephalopathySevere developmental delayEpileptic encephalopathyGastrointestinal abnormalitiesNeurodevelopmental abnormalitiesEpilepsyProtein-truncating variantsMild intellectual disabilityFacial gestaltThe genome of the giant Nomura’s jellyfish sheds light on the early evolution of active predation
Kim H, Weber J, Lee N, Park S, Cho Y, Bhak Y, Lee N, Jeon Y, Jeon S, Luria V, Karger A, Kirschner M, Jo Y, Woo S, Shin K, Chung O, Ryu J, Yim H, Lee J, Edwards J, Manica A, Bhak J, Yum S. The genome of the giant Nomura’s jellyfish sheds light on the early evolution of active predation. BMC Biology 2019, 17: 28. PMID: 30925871, PMCID: PMC6441219, DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0643-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsActive predationGene family expansionPosterior Hox genesFamily expansionAncient lineageBiochemical innovationHox genesBody planPhysiological traitsCodon biasType II familyGenetic basisGenomeClass ScyphozoaTranscriptomeDevelopmental stagesFirst animalEarly evolutionNeurotransmitter genesJellyfishCnidariansPredationRetinoic acidGenesKey innovation
2018
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 reverses gp91phox oxidase-mediated depression- and anxiety-like behavior
Huang X, Xiaokaiti Y, Yang J, Pan J, Li Z, Luria V, Li Y, Song G, Zhu X, Zhang H, O'Donnell J, Xu Y. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 reverses gp91phox oxidase-mediated depression- and anxiety-like behavior. Neuropharmacology 2018, 143: 176-185. PMID: 30268520, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntioxidantsAnxiety DisordersCell LineCorticosteroneCyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2Depressive DisorderDose-Response Relationship, DrugHippocampusImidazolesMaleMice, Inbred ICRNADPH Oxidase 2NADPH OxidasesNeuronsOxidative StressPhosphodiesterase InhibitorsPsychotropic DrugsReactive Oxygen SpeciesTriazinesConceptsAnxiolytic-like effectsBAY 60Oxidative stressNADPH oxidase inhibitor apocyninPDE2 inhibitor Bay 60Prevalence of depressionOxidase inhibitor apocyninPhosphodiesterase 2Stress-related depressionAnxiety-like behaviorSource of ROSBDNF levelsNeuroprotective mechanismsStressed miceInhibitor apocyninCAMP/cGMPNADPH subunitsBehavioral abnormalitiesGp91phox expressionAntioxidant strategiesPDE2 inhibitionAntioxidant defenseDepressionGp91phoxVivo testsEphB2 Deficiency Induces Depression-Like Behaviors and Memory Impairment: Involvement of NMDA 2B Receptor Dependent Signaling
Zhen L, Shao T, Luria V, Li G, Li Z, Xu Y, Zhao X. EphB2 Deficiency Induces Depression-Like Behaviors and Memory Impairment: Involvement of NMDA 2B Receptor Dependent Signaling. Frontiers In Pharmacology 2018, 9: 862. PMID: 30131699, PMCID: PMC6090375, DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00862.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDepression-like behaviorMemory impairmentN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsReceptor tyrosine kinase EphB2Adult hippocampal neurogenesisNMDA receptor subtypesWild-type littermatesMorris water mazeReceptor-dependent signalingImportant candidate targetEphB2 functionHippocampal neurogenesisNeurotrophic factorKO miceReceptor subtypesNeurogenic nicheExcitatory neuronsTail suspensionBehavioral alterationsBehavioral abnormalitiesCognitive disordersWater mazeNeuropsychiatric disordersCognitive deficitsProgenitor neurons
2016
The Gonium pectorale genome demonstrates co-option of cell cycle regulation during the evolution of multicellularity
Hanschen E, Marriage T, Ferris P, Hamaji T, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Neme R, Noguchi H, Minakuchi Y, Suzuki M, Kawai-Toyooka H, Smith D, Sparks H, Anderson J, Bakarić R, Luria V, Karger A, Kirschner M, Durand P, Michod R, Nozaki H, Olson B. The Gonium pectorale genome demonstrates co-option of cell cycle regulation during the evolution of multicellularity. Nature Communications 2016, 7: 11370. PMID: 27102219, PMCID: PMC4844696, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11370.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEvolution of multicellularityCell cycle regulationCycle regulationVolvocine green algaeCell cycle regulatory pathwaysDomains of lifeGroup-level adaptationsCell cycle regulatorsGonium pectoraleEvolutionary transitionsUnicellular ChlamydomonasEvolutionary historyGreen algaeTractable systemGenome sequenceMulticellularityGenetic basisRegulatory pathwaysCycle regulatorsColonial algaInitial stepRegulationNumerous timesChlamydomonasGonium
2011
Serial decision-making and noise in the assembly of neural circuits
Faisal A, Luria V. Serial decision-making and noise in the assembly of neural circuits. BMC Neuroscience 2011, 12: o11. PMCID: PMC3240171, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-s1-o11.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2010
APCDD1 is a novel Wnt inhibitor mutated in hereditary hypotrichosis simplex
Shimomura Y, Agalliu D, Vonica A, Luria V, Wajid M, Baumer A, Belli S, Petukhova L, Schinzel A, Brivanlou A, Barres B, Christiano A. APCDD1 is a novel Wnt inhibitor mutated in hereditary hypotrichosis simplex. Nature 2010, 464: 1043-1047. PMID: 20393562, PMCID: PMC3046868, DOI: 10.1038/nature08875.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBeta CateninCell DifferentiationCell LineCell ProliferationChick EmbryoChromosome MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 18Genes, DominantGenes, ReporterHairHair FollicleHumansHypotrichosisIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMembrane GlycoproteinsMembrane ProteinsMiceMutant ProteinsNeuronsPoint MutationScalpSignal TransductionSkinSpinal CordStem CellsWnt ProteinsXenopus laevisXenopus ProteinsConceptsHereditary hypotrichosis simplexSignal transduction pathwaysHypotrichosis simplexMesenchymal cell compartmentGenetic linkage analysisNovel Wnt inhibitorsMembrane-bound glycoproteinTransduction pathwaysHuman hair folliclesLinkage analysisAPCDD1Functional studiesHair folliclesWnt inhibitorsCell compartmentDowny hairsGenesImportant componentThick hairPathwayHairGlycoproteinCompartmentsDegenerative processFamily
2009
Genetic noise controls binary decisions in neural circuit assembly
Luria V. Genetic noise controls binary decisions in neural circuit assembly. Developmental Biology 2009, 331: 473-474. DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.326.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2008
Specification of Motor Axon Trajectory by Ephrin-B:EphB Signaling: Symmetrical Control of Axonal Patterning in the Developing Limb
Luria V, Krawchuk D, Jessell T, Laufer E, Kania A. Specification of Motor Axon Trajectory by Ephrin-B:EphB Signaling: Symmetrical Control of Axonal Patterning in the Developing Limb. Neuron 2008, 60: 1039-1053. PMID: 19109910, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.11.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAxonsBody PatterningChick EmbryoElectroporationEmbryo, MammalianEphrinsExtremitiesGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsHorseradish PeroxidaseLIM-Homeodomain ProteinsMiceMice, KnockoutModels, BiologicalMotor NeuronsMutationNeurofilament ProteinsReceptors, Eph FamilyRNA, MessengerSignal TransductionSpinal CordTranscription Factors
2007
Lateral motor column axons execute a ternary trajectory choice between limb and body tissues
Luria V, Laufer E. Lateral motor column axons execute a ternary trajectory choice between limb and body tissues. Neural Development 2007, 2: 13. PMID: 17605791, PMCID: PMC1949814, DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-2-13.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAxonsBody PatterningBone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type ICell DifferentiationEphrinsExtremitiesGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGrowth ConesHomeodomain ProteinsKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsLIM-Homeodomain ProteinsMesodermMiceMice, KnockoutMotor NeuronsMuscle, SkeletalNeuronal PlasticityPromyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger ProteinReceptors, Eph FamilySpinal CordTranscription FactorsConceptsLateral motor columnLMC axonsHindlimb levelsSpinal cord lateral motor columnMotor columnAxons of neuronsIntermediate choice pointsVentral flankBody tissuesMotor nervesLMC neuronsAxonal trajectoriesLimb trajectoriesAxonsTopographic map formationTarget tissuesLimbTissueTranscription factor codeVentral limbNeuronsMap formationMesenchymeInnervationNerve