Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition
Collaborators G, Murray CJ, Barber RM, Foreman KJ, Ozgoren A, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Aboyans V, Abraham JP, Abubakar I, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Achoki T, Ackerman IN, Ademi Z, Adou AK, Adsuar JC, Afshin A, Agardh EE, Alam SS, Alasfoor D, Albittar MI, Alegretti MA, Alemu ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho R, Alhabib S, Ali R, Alla F, Allebeck P, Almazroa MA, Alsharif U, Alvarez E, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare AT, Ameh EA, Amini H, Ammar W, Anderson HR, Anderson BO, Antonio CA, Anwari P, Arnlöv J, Arsenijevic V, Artaman A, Asghar RJ, Assadi R, Atkins LS, Avila MA, Awuah B, Bachman VF, Badawi A, Bahit MC, Balakrishnan K, Banerjee A, Barker-Collo SL, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero LH, Basu A, Basu S, Basulaiman MO, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Bekele T, Bell ML, Benjet C, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Benzian H, Bernabé E, Bertozzi-Villa A, Beyene TJ, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhutta ZA, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Biryukov S, Blore JD, Blosser CD, Blyth FM, Bohensky MA, Bolliger IW, Başara B, Bornstein NM, Bose D, Boufous S, Bourne RR, Boyers LN, Brainin M, Brayne CE, Brazinova A, Breitborde NJ, Brenner H, Briggs AD, Brooks PM, Brown JC, Brugha TS, Buchbinder R, Buckle GC, Budke CM, Bulchis A, Bulloch AG, Campos-Nonato IR, Carabin H, Carapetis JR, Cárdenas R, Carpenter DO, Caso V, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castro RE, Catalá-López F, Cavalleri F, Çavlin A, Chadha VK, Chang JC, Charlson FJ, Chen H, Chen W, Chiang PP, Chimed-Ochir O, Chowdhury R, Christensen H, Christophi CA, Cirillo M, Coates MM, Coffeng LE, Coggeshall MS, Colistro V, Colquhoun SM, Cooke GS, Cooper C, Cooper LT, Coppola LM, Cortinovis M, Criqui MH, Crump JA, Cuevas-Nasu L, Danawi H, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dansereau E, Dargan PI, Davey G, Davis A, Davitoiu DV, Dayama A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Del Pozo-Cruz B, Dellavalle RP, Deribe K, Derrett S, Jarlais D, Dessalegn M, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani MK, Diaz-Torné C, Dicker D, Ding EL, Dokova K, Dorsey ER, Driscoll TR, Duan L, Duber HC, Ebel BE, Edmond KM, Elshrek YM, Endres M, Ermakov SP, Erskine HE, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Faraon EJ, Farzadfar F, Fay DF, Feigin VL, Felson DT, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes JG, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Flaxman AD, Fleming TD, Foigt N, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Paleo UF, Franklin RC, Fürst T, Gabbe B, Gaffikin L, Gankpé FG, Geleijnse JM, Gessner BD, Gething P, Gibney KB, Giroud M, Giussani G, Dantes H, Gona P, González-Medina D, Gosselin RA, Gotay CC, Goto A, Gouda HN, Graetz N, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gutiérrez RA, Haagsma J, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hamadeh RR, Hamavid H, Hammami M, Hancock J, Hankey GJ, Hansen GM, Hao Y, Harb HL, Haro JM, Havmoeller R, Hay SI, Hay RJ, Heredia-Pi IB, Heuton KR, Heydarpour P, Higashi H, Hijar M, Hoek HW, Hoffman HJ, Hosgood HD, Hossain M, Hotez PJ, Hoy DG, Hsairi M, Hu G, Huang C, Huang JJ, Husseini A, Huynh C, Iannarone ML, Iburg KM, Innos K, Inoue M, Islami F, Jacobsen KH, Jarvis DL, Jassal SK, Jee SH, Jeemon P, Jensen PN, Jha V, Jiang G, Jiang Y, Jonas JB, Juel K, Kan H, Karch A, Karema CK, Karimkhani C, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum NJ, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazanjan K, Kemp AH, Kengne AP, Keren A, Khader YS, Khalifa SE, Khan EA, Khan G, Khang YH, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim S, Kim Y, Kinfu Y, Kinge JM, Kivipelto M, Knibbs LD, Knudsen AK, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Krishnaswami S, Defo B, Bicer B, Kuipers EJ, Kulkarni C, Kulkarni VS, Kumar GA, Kyu HH, Lai T, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lam H, Lan Q, Lansingh V, Larsson A, Lawrynowicz AE, Leasher JL, Leigh J, Leung R, Levitz CE, Li B, Li Y, Li Y, Lim SS, Lind M, Lipshultz SE, Liu S, Liu Y, Lloyd BK, Lofgren KT, Logroscino G, Looker KJ, Lortet-Tieulent J, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lucas RM, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Ma S, Macintyre MF, Mackay MT, Majdan M, Malekzadeh R, Marcenes W, Margolis DJ, Margono C, Marzan MB, Masci JR, Mashal MT, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, Mazorodze TT, Mcgill NW, Mcgrath JJ, Mckee M, Mclain A, Meaney PA, Medina C, Mehndiratta MM, Mekonnen W, Melaku YA, Meltzer M, Memish ZA, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Mhimbira FA, Micha R, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mitchell PB, Mock CN, Ibrahim N, Mohammad KA, Mokdad AH, Mola GL, Monasta L, Hernandez J, Montico M, Montine TJ, Mooney MD, Moore AR, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moran AE, Mori R, Moschandreas J, Moturi WN, Moyer ML, Mozaffarian D, Msemburi WT, Mueller UO, Mukaigawara M, Mullany EC, Murdoch ME, Murray J, Murthy KS, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Naidoo KS, Naldi L, Nand D, Nangia V, Narayan KM, Nejjari C, Neupane SP, Newton CR, Ng M, Ngalesoni FN, Nguyen G, Nisar MI, Nolte S, Norheim OF, Norman RE, Norrving B, Nyakarahuka L, Oh IH, Ohkubo T, Ohno SL, Olusanya BO, Opio JN, Ortblad K, Ortiz A, Pain AW, Pandian JD, Panelo CI, Papachristou C, Park EK, Park JH, Patten SB, Patton GC, Paul VK, Pavlin BI, Pearce N, Pereira DM, Perez-Padilla R, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pervaiz A, Pesudovs K, Peterson CB, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Phillips BK, Phillips DE, Piel FB, Plass D, Poenaru D, Polinder S, Pope D, Popova S, Poulton RG, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Prasad NM, Pullan RL, Qato DM, Quistberg DA, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahman SU, Raju M, Rana SM, Razavi H, Reddy KS, Refaat A, Remuzzi G, Resnikoff S, Ribeiro AL, Richardson L, Richardus JH, Roberts DA, Rojas-Rueda D, Ronfani L, Roth GA, Rothenbacher D, Rothstein DH, Rowley JT, Roy N, Ruhago GM, Saeedi MY, Saha S, Sahraian MA, Sampson UK, Sanabria JR, Sandar L, Santos IS, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Scarborough P, Schneider IJ, Schöttker B, Schumacher AE, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Seedat S, Sepanlou SG, Serina PT, Servan-Mori EE, Shackelford KA, Shaheen A, Shahraz S, Levy T, Shangguan S, She J, Sheikhbahaei S, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shinohara Y, Shiri R, Shishani K, Shiue I, Shrime MG, Sigfusdottir ID, Silberberg DH, Simard EP, Sindi S, Singh A, Singh JA, Singh L, Skirbekk V, Slepak EL, Sliwa K, Soneji S, Søreide K, Soshnikov S, Sposato LA, Sreeramareddy CT, Stanaway JD, Stathopoulou V, Stein DJ, Stein MB, Steiner C, Steiner TJ, Stevens A, Stewart A, Stovner LJ, Stroumpoulis K, Sunguya BF, Swaminathan S, Swaroop M, Sykes BL, Tabb KM, Takahashi K, Tandon N, Tanne D, Tanner M, Tavakkoli M, Taylor HR, Ao B, Tediosi F, Temesgen AM, Templin T, Have M, Tenkorang EY, Terkawi AS, Thomson B, Thorne-Lyman AL, Thrift AG, Thurston GD, Tillmann T, Tonelli M, Topouzis F, Toyoshima H, Traebert J, Tran BX, Trillini M, Truelsen T, Tsilimbaris M, Tuzcu EM, Uchendu US, Ukwaja KN, Undurraga EA, Uzun SB, Van Brakel WH, Van De Vijver S, van Gool CH, Van Os J, Vasankari TJ, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Wagner GR, Wagner J, Waller SG, Wan X, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Warouw TS, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Wenzhi W, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whiteford HA, Wilkinson JD, Williams TN, Wolfe CD, Wolock TM, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Wurtz B, Xu G, Yan LL, Yano Y, Ye P, Yentür GK, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zaki ME, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Zonies D, Zou X, Salomon JA, Lopez AD, Vos T. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition. The Lancet 2015, 386: 2145-2191. PMID: 26321261, PMCID: PMC4673910, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61340-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisability-adjusted life yearsCauses of DALYsAge-standardised DALY ratesNon-communicable diseasesHealthy life expectancyNumber of DALYsLower respiratory infectionsDALY ratesSociodemographic statusEpidemiological transitionRespiratory infectionsLife expectancyCardiovascular diseaseCrude rateMusculoskeletal disordersNational disability-adjusted life yearsSpecific non-communicable diseasesTotal disability-adjusted life yearsGlobal disability-adjusted life yearsSum of YLLsIschemic heart diseaseCommon infectious diseasesChronic respiratory diseasesBurden of diseaseDisease Study 2013Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Collaborators G, Vos T, Barber R, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, Charlson F, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dicker D, Duan L, Erskine H, Feigin V, Ferrari A, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Graetz N, Guinovart C, Haagsma J, Hansen G, Hanson S, Heuton K, Higashi H, Kassebaum N, Kyu H, Laurie E, Liang X, Lofgren K, Lozano R, MacIntyre M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, Nguyen G, Odell S, Ortblad K, Roberts D, Roth G, Sandar L, Serina P, Stanaway J, Steiner C, Thomas B, Vollset S, Whiteford H, Wolock T, Ye P, Zhou M, Ãvila M, Aasvang G, Abbafati C, Ozgoren A, Abd-Allah F, Aziz M, Abera S, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Abraham B, Abubakar I, Abu-Raddad L, Abu-Rmeileh N, Aburto T, Achoki T, Ackerman I, Adelekan A, Ademi Z, Adou A, Adsuar J, Arnlov J, Agardh E, Al Khabouri M, Alam S, Alasfoor D, Albittar M, Alegretti M, Aleman A, Alemu Z, Alfonso-Cristancho R, Alhabib S, Ali R, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen P, AlMazroa M, Alsharif U, Alvarez E, Alvis-Guzman N, Ameli O, Amini H, Ammar W, Anderson B, Anderson H, Antonio C, Anwari P, Apfel H, Arsenijevic V, Artaman A, Asghar R, Assadi R, Atkins L, Atkinson C, Badawi A, Bahit M, Bakfalouni T, Balakrishnan K, Balalla S, Banerjee A, Barker-Collo S, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero L, Basu S, Basu A, Baxter A, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Beghi E, Bekele T, Bell M, Benjet C, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Benzian H, Bernabe E, Beyene T, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhutta Z, Bienhoff K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Blore J, Blyth F, Bohensky M, Basara B, Borges G, Bornstein N, Bose D, Boufous S, Bourne R, Boyers L, Brainin M, Brauer M, Brayne C, Brazinova A, Breitborde N, Brenner H, Briggs A, Brooks P, Brown J, Brugha T, Buchbinder R, Buckle G, Bukhman G, Bulloch A, Burch M, Burnett R, Cardenas R, Cabral N, Nonato I, Campuzano J, Carapetis J, Carpenter D, Caso V, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Catala-Lopez F, Chadha V, Chang J, Chen H, Chen W, Chiang P, Chimed-Ochir O, Chowdhury R, Christensen H, Christophi C, Chugh S, Cirillo M, Coggeshall M, Cohen A, Colistro V, Colquhoun S, Contreras A, Cooper L, Cooper C, Cooperrider K, Coresh J, Cortinovis M, Criqui M, Crump J, Cuevas-Nasu L, Dandona R, Dandona L, Dansereau E, Dantes H, Dargan P, Davey G, Davitoiu D, Dayama A, De la Cruz-Gongora V, de la Vega S, De Leo D, del Pozo-Cruz B, Dellavalle R, Deribe K, Derrett S, Jarlais D, Dessalegn M, deVeber G, Dharmaratne S, Diaz-Torne C, Ding E, Dokova K, Dorsey E, Driscoll T, Duber H, Durrani A, Edmond K, Ellenbogen R, Endres M, Ermakov S, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Fahimi S, Farzadfar F, Fay D, Felson D, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes J, Ferri C, Flaxman A, Foigt N, Foreman K, Fowkes F, Franklin R, Furst T, Futran N, Gabbe B, Gankpe F, Garcia-Guerra F, Geleijnse J, Gessner B, Gibney K, Gillum R, Ginawi I, Giroud M, Giussani G, Goenka S, Goginashvili K, Gona P, de Cosio T, Gosselin R, Gotay C, Goto A, Gouda H, Guerrant R, Gugnani H, Gunnell D, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gutierrez R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hagan H, Halasa Y, Hamadeh R, Hamavid H, Hammami M, Hankey G, Hao Y, Harb H, Haro J, Havmoeller R, Hay R, Hay S, Hedayati M, Pi I, Heydarpour P, Hijar M, Hoek H, Hoffman H, Hornberger J, Hosgood H, Hossain M, Hotez P, Hoy D, Hsairi M, Hu H, Hu G, Huang J, Huang C, Huiart L, Husseini A, Iannarone M, Iburg K, Innos K, Inoue M, Jacobsen K, Jassal S, Jeemon P, Jensen P, Jha V, Jiang G, Jiang Y, Jonas J, Joseph J, Juel K, Kan H, Karch A, Karimkhani C, Karthikeyan G, Katz R, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazi D, Kemp A, Kengne A, Khader Y, Khalifa S, Khan E, Khan G, Khang Y, Khonelidze I, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim S, Kimokoti R, Kinfu Y, Kinge J, Kissela B, Kivipelto M, Knibbs L, Knudsen A, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Kramer A, Kravchenko M, Krishnamurthi R, Krishnaswami S, Defo B, Bicer B, Kuipers E, Kulkarni V, Kumar K, Kumar G, Kwan G, Lai T, Lalloo R, Lam H, Lan Q, Lansingh V, Larson H, Larsson A, Lawrynowicz A, Leasher J, Lee J, Leigh J, Leung R, Levi M, Li B, Li Y, Li Y, liang J, Lim S, Lin H, Lind M, Lindsay M, Lipshultz S, Liu S, Lloyd B, Ohno S, Logroscino G, Looker K, Lopez A, Lopez-Olmedo N, Lortet-Tieulent J, Lotufo P, Low N, Lucas R, Lunevicius R, Lyons R, Ma J, Ma S, Mackay M, Majdan M, Malekzadeh R, Mapoma C, Marcenes W, March L, Margono C, Marks G, Marzan M, Masci J, Mason-Jones A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi B, Mazorodze T, McGill N, McGrath J, McKee M, McLain A, McMahon B, Meaney P, Mehndiratta M, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Mekonnen W, Melaku Y, Meltzer M, Memish Z, Mensah G, Meretoja A, Mhimbira F, Micha R, Miller T, Mills E, Mitchell P, Mock C, Moffitt T, Ibrahim N, Mohammad K, Mokdad A, Mola G, Monasta L, Montico M, Montine T, Moore A, Moran A, Morawska L, Mori R, Moschandreas J, Moturi W, Moyer M, Mozaffarian D, Mueller U, Mukaigawara M, Murdoch M, Murray J, Murthy K, Naghavi P, Nahas Z, Naheed A, Naidoo K, Naldi L, Nand D, Nangia V, Narayan K, Nash D, Nejjari C, Neupane S, Newman L, Newton C, Ng M, Ngalesoni F, Nhung N, Nisar M, Nolte S, Norheim O, Norman R, Norrving B, Nyakarahuka L, Oh I, Ohkubo T, Omer S, Opio J, Ortiz A, Pandian J, Panelo C, Papachristou C, Park E, Parry C, Caicedo A, Patten S, Paul V, Pavlin B, Pearce N, Pedraza L, Pellegrini C, Pereira D, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pervaiz A, Pesudovs K, Peterson C, Petzold M, Phillips M, Phillips D, Phillips B, Piel F, Plass D, Poenaru D, Polanczyk G, Polinder S, Pope C, Popova S, Poulton R, Pourmalek F, Prabhakaran D, Prasad N, Qato D, Quistberg D, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman S, Raju M, Rakovac I, Rana S, Razavi H, Refaat A, Rehm J, Remuzzi G, Resnikoff S, Ribeiro A, Riccio P, Richardson L, Richardus J, Riederer A, Robinson M, Roca A, Rodriguez A, Rojas-Rueda D, Ronfani L, Rothenbacher D, Roy N, Ruhago G, Sabin N, Sacco R, Ksoreide K, Saha S, Sahathevan R, Sahraian M, Sampson U, Sanabria J, Sanchez-Riera L, Santos I, Satpathy M, Saunders J, Sawhney M, Saylan M, Scarborough P, Schoettker B, Schneider I, Schwebel D, Scott J, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Serdar B, Servan-Mori E, Shackelford K, Shaheen A, Shahraz S, Levy T, Shangguan S, She J, Sheikhbahaei S, Shepard D, Shi P, Shibuya K, Shinohara Y, Shiri R, Shishani K, Shiue I, Shrime M, Sigfusdottir I, Silberberg D, Simard E, Sindi S, Singh J, Singh L, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Soljak M, Soneji S, Soshnikov S, Speyer P, Sposato L, Sreeramareddy C, Stoeckl H, Stathopoulou V, Steckling N, Stein M, Stein D, Steiner T, Stewart A, Stork E, Stovner L, Stroumpoulis K, Sturua L, Sunguya B, Swaroop M, Sykes B, Tabb K, Takahashi K, Tan F, Tandon N, Tanne D, Tanner M, Tavakkoli M, Taylor H, Ao B, Temesgen A, Have M, Tenkorang E, Terkawi A, Theadom A, Thomas E, Thorne-Lyman A, Thrift A, Tleyjeh I, Tonelli M, Topouzis F, Towbin J, Toyoshima H, Traebert J, Tran B, Trasande L, Trillini M, Truelsen T, Trujillo U, Tsilimbaris M, Tuzcu E, Ukwaja K, Undurraga E, Uzun S, van Brakel W, van de Vijver S, Van Dingenen R, van Gool C, Varakin Y, Vasankari T, Vavilala M, Veerman L, Velasquez-Melendez G, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Villalpando S, Violante F, Vlassov V, Waller S, Wallin M, Wan X, Wang L, Wang J, Wang Y, Warouw T, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub R, Werdecker A, Wessells K, Westerman R, Wilkinson J, Williams H, Williams T, Woldeyohannes S, DA Wolfe C, Wong J, Wong H, Woolf A, Wright J, Wurtz B, Xu G, Yang G, Yano Y, Yenesew M, Yentur G, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Younis M, Yu C, Kim K, Zaki M, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Zonies D, Zunt J, Salomon J, Murray C. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet 2015, 386: 743-800. PMID: 26063472, PMCID: PMC4561509, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute DiseaseAdolescentAdultAge DistributionAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolChronic DiseaseCost of IllnessDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesDisabled PersonsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedNeglected DiseasesPrevalenceResidence CharacteristicsSex DistributionWounds and InjuriesYoung AdultConceptsCauses of YLDsNumber of sequelaeDisease Study 2013Permanent cariesInjury incidenceChronic diseasesGlobal burdenBayesian meta-regression methodGBD 2010 methodsRate of YLDsDisability-adjusted life yearsUpper respiratory infectionPopulation-based survey dataLow back painChronic respiratory diseasesSequelae of diseaseAge-standardised ratesMajor depressive disorderTension-type headacheNon-communicable diseasesNon-fatal outcomesMajor cause groupsShort-term injurySubstance use disordersHIV/AIDS