Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study.
Silverman N, Kleinman C, Rudolph A, Copel J, Weinstein E, Enderlein M, Golbus M. Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study. Circulation 1985, 72: 825-832. PMID: 3896564, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.72.4.825.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAtrioventricular valve insufficiencyStructural heart diseaseNonimmune hydropsValve insufficiencyHeart diseaseLow colloid oncotic pressureFetal cardiac failureAtrioventricular valve regurgitationEarly neonatal periodColloid oncotic pressureCardiac ultrasound examinationDoppler ultrasound studiesM-mode echocardiographyEarly postnatal periodVenous hypertensionHydropic fetusesValve regurgitationCardiac failureSupraventricular tachyarrhythmiasNeonatal periodPoor prognosisEleven fetusesMode echocardiographyUltrasound examinationDoppler ultrasoundTreatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
Kleinman C, Copel J, Weinstein E, Santulli T, Hobbins J. Treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Journal Of Clinical Ultrasound 1985, 13: 265-273. PMID: 3923049, DOI: 10.1002/jcu.1870130406.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNormal sinus rhythmSupraventricular tachyarrhythmiasSinus rhythmAtrial flutterFetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmiaTime of diagnosisYale-New Haven Medical CenterSevere fetal hydropsAntiarrhythmic therapyElectrical cardioversionMaternal administrationDoppler echocardiographyAtrial fibrillationFetal hydropsAntiarrhythmic agentsElectrophysiologic mechanismsSupraventricular tachycardiaMedical CenterSuccessful therapyCardiac rhythmM-modeFetusesTreatment programTachyarrhythmiasFibrillation