1997
A preliminary study of tryptophan depletion on tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and mood in Tourette's syndrome
Rasmusson A, Anderson G, Lynch K, McSwiggan-Hardin M, Scahill L, Mazure C, Goodman W, Price L, Cohen D, Leckman J. A preliminary study of tryptophan depletion on tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and mood in Tourette's syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 1997, 41: 117-121. PMID: 8988803, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00380-0.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1993
Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of the selective kappa agonist spiradoline in Tourette's syndrome: A pilot study
Chappell P, Leckman J, Scahill L, Hardin M, Anderson G, Cohen D. Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of the selective kappa agonist spiradoline in Tourette's syndrome: A pilot study. Psychiatry Research 1993, 47: 267-280. PMID: 8396784, DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90084-t.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNormal control subjectsTourette syndromeTic frequencyControl subjectsTS patientsMicrograms/Clinician ratingsKappa agonist spiradolineInvolvement of opioidRole of opioidsGrowth hormone secretionDual modulatory effectsDose-response studyMotor tic frequencyMore growth hormoneTic symptomsHormone secretionNeuroendocrine effectsKappa receptorsPhonic ticsSpiradoline mesylateIntermediate doseLow doseModulatory effectsSpiradoline