1994
Noradrenergic and adrenergic functioning in autism
Minderaa R, Anderson G, Volkmar F, Akkerhuis G, Cohen D. Noradrenergic and adrenergic functioning in autism. Biological Psychiatry 1994, 36: 237-241. PMID: 7986888, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90605-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUrinary excretion rateNeurochemical assessmentVanillylmandelic acidAdrenergic functioningExcretion rateNormal control individualsUrinary excretionPlasma levelsNoradrenergic functioningMarked abnormalitiesNormal controlsGroup mean differencesControl groupControl individualsNorepinephrineMean differenceAutistic patients
1984
Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan levels in Tourette's disorder: Effects of acute and chronic clonidine treatment
Leckman J, Anderson G, Cohen D, Ort S, Harcherik D, Hoder E, Shaywitz B. Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan levels in Tourette's disorder: Effects of acute and chronic clonidine treatment. Life Sciences 1984, 35: 2497-2503. PMID: 6595491, DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(84)90435-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic clonidine treatmentClonidine treatmentTourette's disorder patientsWhole blood serotoninDisorder patientsTourette's disorderBlood serotoninTryptophan levelsMean differenceChronic treatmentAcute doseNormal controlsMean increaseClonidinePatientsDisordersMode of actionTreatmentSignificant differencesSerotoninBaseline conditionsLevelsDifferencesDose