2004
Effectiveness Over Time of Varicella Vaccine
Vázquez M, LaRussa PS, Gershon AA, Niccolai LM, Muehlenbein CE, Steinberg SP, Shapiro ED. Effectiveness Over Time of Varicella Vaccine. JAMA 2004, 291: 851-855. PMID: 14970064, DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.7.851.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTime of vaccinationVaricella vaccineVaccine effectivenessCase subjectsPolymerase chain reaction test resultsVaricella-zoster virus DNACase-control studyReaction test resultsReports of outbreaksFirst yearBreakthrough diseaseImmunized groupsActive surveillancePossible confoundersPediatric practiceVaccinationVaccineVirus DNAMonthsMost casesGroup practiceChickenpoxAgeYear 2Year 1Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias
Shapiro ED. Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2004, 23: 127-131. PMID: 14872178, DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000109248.32907.1d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntibodies, BacterialBacterial CapsulesBiasCase-Control StudiesChild, PreschoolConfidence IntervalsFemaleHaemophilus InfectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bHaemophilus VaccinesHumansImmunityImmunization ScheduleInfantMalePolysaccharides, BacterialProbabilityReference ValuesReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityTreatment OutcomeVaccinationConceptsEffectiveness of vaccinesCase-control studyInvasive Hib infectionsHib vaccinePneumococcal infectionHib infectionsInvasive infectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bInvasive pneumococcal infectionsInfluenzae type bMonths of ageIdentical study designOverall 34Study 74S. pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccineInfectionStudy designHibType BPneumoniaeValid methodCasesPotential bias
2001
The Effectiveness of the Varicella Vaccine in Clinical Practice
Vázquez M, LaRussa P, Gershon A, Steinberg S, Freudigman K, Shapiro E. The Effectiveness of the Varicella Vaccine in Clinical Practice. New England Journal Of Medicine 2001, 344: 955-960. PMID: 11274621, DOI: 10.1056/nejm200103293441302.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVaricella-zoster virusVaricella vaccinePolymerase chain reactionMild diseasePediatric practiceClinical practicePositive PCR testCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionPotential casesUnvaccinated childrenPotential confoundersActive surveillanceSevere diseaseChickenpoxDay 3VaccineLogistic regressionPCR testDiseaseChain reactionChildrenResearch assistantsIllnessVirus
1998
Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections
Shapiro E. Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections. Seminars In Pediatric Infectious Diseases 1998, 9: 31-36. DOI: 10.1016/s1045-1870(98)80048-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute respiratory infectionsYears of ageRespiratory infectionsAnnual mortality rateMortality rateFrequency of ARICase fatality rateMethods of surveillanceCounter medicationsOutpatient settingSerious infectionsChildren 1New vaccinesImportant causeInfectionYoung childrenInfantsChildrenAgeMost studiesAnnual costYearsMedicationsVaccineEpidemiology
1997
Vaccination for Varicella—Just Do It!
Shapiro E, LaRussa P. Vaccination for Varicella—Just Do It! JAMA 1997, 278: 1529-1530. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1997.03550180079042.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersConceptsVaricella vaccineVaccine-induced immunity wanesStrategy of immunizationDuration of protectionMonths of agePublic health servicesImmune childrenImmunization PracticesImmunity wanesUS FoodDrug AdministrationSusceptible adultsSusceptible individualsInfants 12Health servicesAmerican AcademyInfectious diseasesVaccineVaricellaAdvisory CommitteeAdultsConsiderable controversyChildrenVaccineesMorbidity
1994
Pneumococcal Vaccine After 15 Years of Use: Another View
Fedson D, Shapiro E, LaForce F, Mufson M, Musher D, Spika J, Breiman R, Broome C. Pneumococcal Vaccine After 15 Years of Use: Another View. JAMA Internal Medicine 1994, 154: 2531-2535. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1994.00420220021003.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersPneumococcal vaccineYears of useInfectious Diseases SocietyWorld Health Organization Regional OfficeAdvisory CommitteePneumococcal vaccinationDiseases SocietyVaccine effectivenessRetrospective studyVaccine trialsClinical effectivenessAmerican CollegeElderly populationOngoing critical reviewVaccineAvailable evidenceNational Advisory CommitteeTechnical Advisory GroupImmunizationAdvisory GroupTask ForceUnited StatesConclusive evidenceGroupEvidence
1991
The Protective Efficacy of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Shapiro E, Berg A, Austrian R, Schroeder D, Parcells V, Margolis A, Adair R, Clemens J. The Protective Efficacy of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine. New England Journal Of Medicine 1991, 325: 1453-1460. PMID: 1944423, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199111213252101.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive pneumococcal infectionsPneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinePneumococcal vaccineProtective efficacyPneumococcal infectionCase patientsImmunocompetent patientsPolysaccharide vaccineVaccination historyHospital-based case-control studyPolyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccineSerious pneumococcal infectionsSite of hospitalizationVaccine protective efficacyPolyvalent pneumococcal vaccineCase-control studyProspective surveillanceRandomized trialsSterile sitesPatientsS. pneumoniaeMedical careStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccineInfection
1990
New Vaccines Against Haemophilus Influenzae Type b
Shapiro E. New Vaccines Against Haemophilus Influenzae Type b. Pediatric Clinics Of North America 1990, 37: 567-583. PMID: 2190140, DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36905-x.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsProtective efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine.
Shapiro E, Berg A. Protective efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine. Pediatrics 1990, 85: 643-7. PMID: 2179854, DOI: 10.1542/peds.85.4.643.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsType b polysaccharide vaccineH influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccineHaemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccinePolysaccharide vaccineProtective efficacyMonths of ageVaccine failureInvasive diseaseH influenzae type b.Immunization Practices Advisory CommitteeH influenzae type bVaccine protective efficacyRandomized clinical trialsInfluenzae type bAvailable epidemiologic dataNormal serum concentrationsYears of ageTotal immunoglobulinSerum concentrationsImmune deficiencyClinical trialsEpidemiologic dataHemolytic complementVaccineChildren 18
1989
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome) after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine
D'Cruz O, Shapiro E, Spiegelman K, Leicher C, Breningstall G, Khatri B, Dobyns W. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome) after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1989, 115: 743-746. PMID: 2809907, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80653-5.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1987
USE OF HAEMOPHILUS VACCINE IN CONNECTICUT
Shapiro E, Lichtman J, Petersen L, Hadler J, Leventhal J. USE OF HAEMOPHILUS VACCINE IN CONNECTICUT. Pediatric Research 1987, 21: 287-287. DOI: 10.1203/00006450-198704010-00719.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMonths of ageGroup day carePrepaid health maintenance organizationHaemophilus influenzae type bYale-New Haven HospitalDay careRates of immunizationInfluenzae type bHealth maintenance organizationRisk of diseaseHaemophilus vaccineHib diseaseHib vaccineChildren 24Universal immunizationPublic clinicsIndigent patientsCare statusPrivate physiciansVaccineChildren 18Maintenance organizationMonthsPhysiciansType B
1985
Prophylaxis for Bacterial Meningitis
Shapiro E. Prophylaxis for Bacterial Meningitis. Medical Clinics Of North America 1985, 69: 269-280. PMID: 3990434, DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31042-2.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1984
Resolving the Pneumococcal Vaccine Controversy: Are There Alternatives to Randomized Clinical Trials?
Clemens J, Shapiro E. Resolving the Pneumococcal Vaccine Controversy: Are There Alternatives to Randomized Clinical Trials? Clinical Infectious Diseases 1984, 6: 589-600. PMID: 6390636, DOI: 10.1093/clinids/6.5.589.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchA controlled evaluation of the protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine for patients at high risk of serious pneumococcal infections.
Shapiro E, Clemens J. A controlled evaluation of the protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine for patients at high risk of serious pneumococcal infections. Annals Of Internal Medicine 1984, 101: 325-30. PMID: 6380367, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-325.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIncreased risk of pneumococcal infectionRisk of pneumococcal infectionEfficacy of pneumococcal vaccineSystemic pneumococcal infectionPneumococcal infectionPneumococcal vaccineVaccine protective efficacyIncreased riskProtective efficacyCase-control studyOdds ratioVaccine efficacyHigh riskMatched controlsPatientsInfectionConfounding variablesEfficacyVaccine