2004
Staggered AID‐dependent DNA double strand breaks are the predominant DNA lesions targeted to Sµ in Ig class switch recombination
Rush JS, Fugmann SD, Schatz DG. Staggered AID‐dependent DNA double strand breaks are the predominant DNA lesions targeted to Sµ in Ig class switch recombination. International Immunology 2004, 16: 549-557. PMID: 15039385, DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh057.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalBlotting, SouthernB-LymphocytesCell DivisionCytidine DeaminaseDeoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-SpecificDNADNA DamageDNA PrimersFlow CytometryGene ExpressionImmunoglobulin Class SwitchingImmunoglobulin DImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin Switch RegionInterleukin-4LipopolysaccharidesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutPlasmidsPolymerase Chain ReactionRecombination, GeneticConceptsClass switch recombinationDNA double-strand breaksPredominant DNA lesionsDouble-strand breaksActivation-induced cytidine deaminaseDNA lesionsSwitch recombinationAID-dependent DNA double-strand breaksStrand breaksIg class switch recombinationLigation-mediated PCRS mu regionCellular regulationKinetics of inductionMolecular detailsMurine B cellsDNA DSBsStaggered breaksCytidine deaminaseDSBsMu regionMinor speciesB cellsS muEffector properties
2000
Cell-cycle-regulated DNA double-strand breaks in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes
Papavasiliou F, Schatz D. Cell-cycle-regulated DNA double-strand breaks in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Nature 2000, 408: 216-221. PMID: 11089977, DOI: 10.1038/35041599.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDNA double-strand breaksDouble-strand breaksSomatic hypermutationRepair of DSBsVariable region promotersImmunoglobulin variable region genesDNA replicationHomologous recombinationHeterologous promoterSpecific residuesVariable genesNearby mutationsRegion promoterVariable region genesImmunoglobulin genesHeterologous sequencesChromosomal translocationsPoint mutationsGenesRegion genesMutationsHypermutationTranscriptionPromoterB-cell tumorsGenetic Modulation of T Cell Receptor Gene Segment Usage during Somatic Recombination
Livak F, Burtrum D, Rowen L, Schatz D, Petrie H. Genetic Modulation of T Cell Receptor Gene Segment Usage during Somatic Recombination. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2000, 192: 1191-1196. PMID: 11034609, PMCID: PMC2195867, DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.8.1191.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRecombination signal sequencesFlanking recombination signal sequencesGene segment usageUseful gene productsLymphocyte antigen receptorsSegment usageSignal sequenceSomatic cellsCombinatorial joiningGene productsSomatic recombinationRecombinase activityGenetic modulationGene segmentsBeta gene segment usageMature T lymphocytesD betaSynaptic complexGermline genesTotal repertoireNaive repertoireAntigen receptorRecombinationRepertoireBiased representation
1999
DNA Hairpin Opening Mediated by the RAG1 and RAG2 Proteins
Shockett P, Schatz D. DNA Hairpin Opening Mediated by the RAG1 and RAG2 Proteins. Molecular And Cellular Biology 1999, 19: 4159-4166. PMID: 10330156, PMCID: PMC104375, DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.6.4159.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCharacterization of TCR gene rearrangements during adult murine T cell development.
Livák F, Tourigny M, Schatz D, Petrie H. Characterization of TCR gene rearrangements during adult murine T cell development. The Journal Of Immunology 1999, 162: 2575-80. PMID: 10072498, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2575.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsGene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen ReceptorGene Rearrangement, delta-Chain T-Cell Antigen ReceptorGene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen ReceptorGene Rearrangement, T-LymphocyteHyaluronan ReceptorsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPolymerase Chain ReactionReceptors, Interleukin-2T-LymphocytesConceptsTCRbeta locusTCRdelta locusGammadelta T cell lineagesMurine T cell developmentTCR gene rearrangementsT lineage cellsGene rearrangementsT cell developmentLineage decisionsLocus recombinationLineage commitmentProductive rearrangementsIrreversible commitmentCell lineagesDelta geneMolecular evidenceCell developmentTCRbeta rearrangementsDevelopmental stagesT-cell lineageTCR complexLociLineage cellsLineagesGenes[19] cDNA representational difference analysis: A sensitive and flexible method for identification of differentially expressed genes
Hubank M, Schatz DG. [19] cDNA representational difference analysis: A sensitive and flexible method for identification of differentially expressed genes. Methods In Enzymology 1999, 303: 325-349. PMID: 10349653, DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(99)03021-9.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1998
Alternative splicing of rearranged T cell receptor δ sequences to the constant region of the α locus
Livák F, Schatz D. Alternative splicing of rearranged T cell receptor δ sequences to the constant region of the α locus. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1998, 95: 5694-5699. PMID: 9576946, PMCID: PMC20441, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.10.5694.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCalpha geneTCRalpha/delta locusT cell receptor alpha/delta locusDelta locusAlpha/delta locusProtein coding capacityTranscriptional controlAlternative splicingSplicing variationsDistinct functional capacitiesAlternative transcriptsDelta proteinΑ locusChimeric proteinConstant genesAlpha proteinGene-deficient miceCoding capacityGenesThymocyte developmentAlphabeta thymocytesNovel insightsTCRbeta chainLociDistinct diversity
1996
Neoteny in Lymphocytes: Rag1 and Rag2 Expression in Germinal Center B Cells
Han S, Zheng B, Schatz D, Spanopoulou E, Kelsoe G. Neoteny in Lymphocytes: Rag1 and Rag2 Expression in Germinal Center B Cells. Science 1996, 274: 2094-2097. PMID: 8953043, DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5295.2094.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsB-LymphocytesDNA NucleotidyltransferasesDNA-Binding ProteinsFemaleGene ExpressionGene RearrangementGenes, ImmunoglobulinGenes, RAG-1Germinal CenterHomeodomain ProteinsImmunizationImmunoglobulin Class SwitchingLymphocyte ActivationMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPolymerase Chain ReactionProtein BiosynthesisProteinsVDJ RecombinasesConceptsGerminal center B cellsAntigen receptor genesT cell antigen receptor genesRAG2 proteinsB cellsRAG2 geneRAG genesRAG2 expressionFunctional immunoglobulinPeyer's patch germinal centersMessenger RNAGenesRAG1Receptor geneActivated B cellsNormal adult animalsLymphocyte populationsImmature lymphocytesGerminal centersBone marrowMurine splenicAntibody repertoireCellsAdult animalsExpression
1995
Down-regulation of RAG1 and RAG2 gene expression in PreB cells after functional immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement
Grawunder U, Leu T, Schatz D, Werner A, Rolink A, Melchers F, Winkler T. Down-regulation of RAG1 and RAG2 gene expression in PreB cells after functional immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement. Immunity 1995, 3: 601-608. PMID: 7584150, DOI: 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90131-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBase SequenceB-LymphocytesCell DifferentiationCell LineDNA-Binding ProteinsDown-RegulationFemaleFlow CytometryGene Rearrangement, B-LymphocyteHomeodomain ProteinsImmunoglobulin Heavy ChainsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred DBAMice, Inbred StrainsMolecular Sequence DataPolymerase Chain ReactionProtein BiosynthesisProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-kitReceptors, Antigen, B-CellRNA, MessengerConceptsRAG2 gene expressionPreB cellsGene expressionFunctional immunoglobulin genesPreB-II cellsPreB cell receptorB cell developmentCell cycle statusHeavy chain allelesRAG2 proteinsPostranscriptional levelImmature B cellsRAG genesGene productsTranscriptional levelProductive rearrangementsMouse bone marrowCell developmentDifferential surface expressionImmunoglobulin genesRAG1Cell surfaceRAG2 mRNAGenesCycle status
1994
Identifying differences in mRNA expression by representational difference analysis of cDNA
Hubank M, Schatz DG. Identifying differences in mRNA expression by representational difference analysis of cDNA. Nucleic Acids Research 1994, 22: 5640-5648. PMID: 7838717, PMCID: PMC310128, DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.25.5640.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1991
The recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) transcript is present in the murine central nervous system
Chun J, Schatz D, Oettinger M, Jaenisch R, Baltimore D. The recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) transcript is present in the murine central nervous system. Cell 1991, 64: 189-200. PMID: 1986864, DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90220-s.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsBase SequenceBrainCell DivisionCell LineChromosome MappingCytarabineGenesMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMolecular Sequence DataNeuronsNucleic Acid HybridizationOligonucleotide ProbesOrgan SpecificityPolymerase Chain ReactionRecombination, GeneticRNA ProbesTeratomaTranscription, GeneticTretinoinConceptsCentral nervous systemRAG-1 transcriptsMurine central nervous systemNervous systemHigh neuronal cell densityRAG-2 transcriptsSite-specific recombination machineryNeuronal cell densityNorthern blot analysisRecombination machineryGenome sitesPolymerase chain reactionRAG-2Postnatal brainPostnatal neuronsDetrimental alterationsRAG-1TranscriptsSitu hybridizationBlot analysisChain reactionNeuronsCell densityRecombination