2019
Rethinking Food Reward
de Araujo IE, Schatzker M, Small DM. Rethinking Food Reward. Annual Review Of Psychology 2019, 71: 1-26. PMID: 31561741, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011643.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFood rewardReward regionsHedonic qualityBrain neural pathwaysSubliminal signalsCognitive processesBrain reward regionsConscious perceptionDietary decisionsCortical networksFlavor perceptionCaloric foodNeural pathwaysFood reinforcementRewardUncontrolled desirePerceptionDietary choicesOvereatingRecent animalHuman studiesTraditional modelsSensory receptorsDesireFindings
2016
Fuel not fun: Reinterpreting attenuated brain responses to reward in obesity
Kroemer NB, Small DM. Fuel not fun: Reinterpreting attenuated brain responses to reward in obesity. Physiology & Behavior 2016, 162: 37-45. PMID: 27085908, PMCID: PMC4971522, DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFood-related stimuliBrain responsesReward-related learningReward sensitivityReward deficiencyReduced reward sensitivityPrimary food rewardReward receiptMilkshake receiptStriatal responsesReward deficitsFood rewardSubjective valueReinforcement learning frameworkRewardDopamine signalingFood anticipationDorsal striatumAnhedoniaAnticipatoryDopaminergic regionsStimuliConsummatory responsesAlternative viewLearning
2013
Decreased food pleasure and disrupted satiety signals in chronic low back pain
Geha P, deAraujo I, Green B, Small DM. Decreased food pleasure and disrupted satiety signals in chronic low back pain. Pain 2013, 155: 712-722. PMID: 24384160, DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.027.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic low back painCLBP patientsLow back painHealthy controlsBack painSugary drinksFat calorie intakeHedonic perceptionSatiety signalsCalorie intakePatientsIntake testFood pleasureFunctional brainAd libitumPotential mechanismsPainObesityIntakeStructural alterationsPhysiological mechanismsHedonic ratingsAlterationsDrinksSensory evaluationDecreased caudate response to milkshake is associated with higher body mass index and greater impulsivity
Babbs RK, Sun X, Felsted J, Chouinard-Decorte F, Veldhuizen MG, Small DM. Decreased caudate response to milkshake is associated with higher body mass index and greater impulsivity. Physiology & Behavior 2013, 121: 103-111. PMID: 23562867, PMCID: PMC3731396, DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.03.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexCaudate responseMass indexCaudate nucleusBrain responsesHigher body mass indexWeight gainHealthy weight subjectsTasteless control solutionEnergy-dense foodsSelf-reported impulsivityWeight subjectsNegative associationVentral putamenDorsal striatumFood rewardDense foodsSignificant associationInverse correlationMilkshakeOverweightGreater impulsivityMeasures of impulsivityGreater responseAssociation
2012
Food and drug cues activate similar brain regions: A meta-analysis of functional MRI studies
Tang D, Fellows L, Small D, Dagher A. Food and drug cues activate similar brain regions: A meta-analysis of functional MRI studies. Physiology & Behavior 2012, 106: 317-324. PMID: 22450260, DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSmoking cuesOrbital frontal cortexNeutral cuesFood cuesVisual foodBlood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responseBrain regionsSimilar brain regionsBilateral orbital frontal cortexActivation likelihood estimationFrontal cortexFunctional MRI studyLevel-dependent responsesBrain imaging studiesNeuro-imaging studiesDrug cuesImaging studiesInsula activationSubjective cravingConditioned cuesIncentive salienceBrain responsesBilateral insulaBrain networksLeft amygdala
2011
Youth at Risk for Obesity Show Greater Activation of Striatal and Somatosensory Regions to Food
Stice E, Yokum S, Burger KS, Epstein LH, Small DM. Youth at Risk for Obesity Show Greater Activation of Striatal and Somatosensory Regions to Food. Journal Of Neuroscience 2011, 31: 4360-4366. PMID: 21430137, PMCID: PMC3260083, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6604-10.2011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNormal weight humansObese humansStriatal responsesFood intakeOrbitofrontal cortexDopamine signalingWeight gainInitial vulnerability factorsGenetic riskStriatal D2 receptorsMonetary rewardsNormal-weight adolescentsPalatable food intakeD2 receptor densityD2 receptorsHigh-risk youthParietal operculumReceptor densitySomatosensory regionsPalatable foodFoods contributesFrontal operculumReward circuitryReduced dopamineObesity
2009
Separate Signals for Orthonasal vs. Retronasal Perception of Food but Not Nonfood Odors
Bender G, Hummel T, Negoias S, Small DM. Separate Signals for Orthonasal vs. Retronasal Perception of Food but Not Nonfood Odors. Behavioral Neuroscience 2009, 123: 481-489. PMID: 19485554, DOI: 10.1037/a0015065.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2008
Relation Between Obesity and Blunted Striatal Response to Food Is Moderated by TaqIA A1 Allele
Stice E, Spoor S, Bohon C, Small DM. Relation Between Obesity and Blunted Striatal Response to Food Is Moderated by TaqIA A1 Allele. Science 2008, 322: 449-452. PMID: 18927395, PMCID: PMC2681095, DOI: 10.1126/science.1161550.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAllelesBasal GangliaBody Mass IndexCaudate NucleusCorpus StriatumCuesDeoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-SpecificDopamineEatingFemaleFoodHumansHyperphagiaMagnetic Resonance ImagingObesityPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthPutamenReceptors, Dopamine D2Regression AnalysisRewardSignal TransductionWeight GainConceptsDorsal striatumTaqIA restriction fragment length polymorphismConsummatory food rewardMagnetic resonance imaging studyStriatal dopamine receptorsDevelopment of obesityA1 alleleResonance imaging studyFunctional magnetic resonance imaging studyDopamine D2 receptor geneTaqIA A1 alleleObese individualsStriatal dopamineD2 receptor geneProspective dataLean individualsDopamine receptorsFood intakeStriatumImaging studiesStriatal responsesStriatal activationGenetic polymorphismsReceptor geneObesitySeparable Substrates for Anticipatory and Consummatory Food Chemosensation
Small DM, Veldhuizen MG, Felsted J, Mak YE, McGlone F. Separable Substrates for Anticipatory and Consummatory Food Chemosensation. Neuron 2008, 57: 786-797. PMID: 18341997, PMCID: PMC2669434, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.021.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2007
The Role of the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex in Taste and Flavor Processing
SMALL DM, BENDER G, VELDHUIZEN MG, RUDENGA K, NACHTIGAL D, FELSTED J. The Role of the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex in Taste and Flavor Processing. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 2007, 1121: 136-151. PMID: 17846155, DOI: 10.1196/annals.1401.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman orbitofrontal cortexOrbitofrontal cortexSensory inputDistinct sensory inputsMultiple sensory inputsHigher-order gustatory corticesNeural representationFlavor perceptReward valueFlavor processingAffective valueOral somatosensationFood rewardInternal statesPerceptGustatory cortexCortexOrbital cortexRetronasal olfactionProcessingPleasantnessRewardEncodingSomatosensationRepresentation
2005
Odor/taste integration and the perception of flavor
Small DM, Prescott J. Odor/taste integration and the perception of flavor. Experimental Brain Research 2005, 166: 345-357. PMID: 16028032, DOI: 10.1007/s00221-005-2376-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFlavor perceptionUnitary perceptionCross-modal sensory interactionsSensory inputVentral lateral prefrontal cortexParticular sensory characteristicsLateral prefrontal cortexPosterior parietal cortexMultiple sensory inputsAnterior cingulate cortexPerception of flavorAttentional allocationHeteromodal regionsNeural processesAnterior insulaFlavor processingFrontal operculumOrbitofrontal cortexPrefrontal cortexCingulate cortexFlavor of foodParietal cortexNeurophysiological studiesPerceptionSensory interaction
2002
Toward an Understanding of the Brain Substrates of Reward in Humans
Small DM. Toward an Understanding of the Brain Substrates of Reward in Humans. Neuron 2002, 33: 668-671. PMID: 11879644, DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00620-7.Peer-Reviewed Original Research