2021
Development of a Treatment-decision Algorithm for Human Immunodeficiency Virus–uninfected Children Evaluated for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Gunasekera KS, Walters E, van der Zalm MM, Palmer M, Warren JL, Hesseling AC, Cohen T, Seddon JA. Development of a Treatment-decision Algorithm for Human Immunodeficiency Virus–uninfected Children Evaluated for Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021, 73: e904-e912. PMID: 33449999, PMCID: PMC8366829, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPulmonary tuberculosisClinical evidenceXpert MTB/RIFBaseline clinical evaluationChest radiographic resultsRapid treatment initiationNational Tuberculosis ProgrammeTreatment decision algorithmsEvidence-based algorithmMTB/RIFDiagnosis of tuberculosisChest radiographicAntituberculosis treatmentProspective cohortRadiographic resultsTreatment initiationTuberculosis casesTuberculosis ProgrammeClinical evaluationCase definitionTreatment decisionsGlobal burdenChildhood mortalityChildren EvaluatedRapid clinical diagnosis
2020
Yield, Efficiency, and Costs of Mass Screening Algorithms for Tuberculosis in Brazilian Prisons
da Silva Santos A, de Oliveira R, Lemos EF, Lima F, Cohen T, Cords O, Martinez L, Gonçalves C, Ko A, Andrews JR, Croda J. Yield, Efficiency, and Costs of Mass Screening Algorithms for Tuberculosis in Brazilian Prisons. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2020, 72: 771-777. PMID: 32064514, PMCID: PMC7935388, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa135.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAlgorithmsBrazilHIV InfectionsHumansMass ScreeningMycobacterium tuberculosisPrisonsProspective StudiesSensitivity and SpecificitySputumTuberculosisConceptsXpert MTB/RIFMTB/RIFChest radiographySputum Xpert MTB/RIFHigh TB burden countriesFourth-generation assaysScreening algorithmTB burden countriesSputum testingTB casesTB screeningBurden countriesProspective studySputum testSymptom assessmentChest radiographsScreening testPositivity thresholdMass screeningTuberculosisMore casesDiagnostic algorithmDiagnostic testsMajor causeScreening strategy
2017
A Likelihood Approach for Real-Time Calibration of Stochastic Compartmental Epidemic Models
Zimmer C, Yaesoubi R, Cohen T. A Likelihood Approach for Real-Time Calibration of Stochastic Compartmental Epidemic Models. PLOS Computational Biology 2017, 13: e1005257. PMID: 28095403, PMCID: PMC5240920, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005257.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsParameter estimationStochastic modelLinear noise approximationStochastic transmission-dynamic modelEnsemble Kalman filter methodReal-time parameter estimationKey epidemic parametersParticle filtering methodInfectious individualsStochastic systemsCompartmental epidemic modelLikelihood approximationMultiple shootingNoise approximationBenchmark methodsEpidemic modelPoisson observationsKalman filter methodUnobserved numberAccurate estimatesEpidemic parametersLikelihood approachFiltering methodDynamic modelApproximation
2016
Smear positivity in paediatric and adult tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Kunkel A, Abel zur Wiesch P, Nathavitharana RR, Marx FM, Jenkins HE, Cohen T. Smear positivity in paediatric and adult tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases 2016, 16: 282. PMID: 27296716, PMCID: PMC4906576, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1617-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAge FactorsChildChild, PreschoolHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMicroscopyMycobacterium tuberculosisSensitivity and SpecificitySputumTuberculosis, PulmonaryConceptsPercentage of childrenSmear positivityPooled percentageInverse variance heterogeneity modelPediatric TB casesSmear-positive TBNational TB ProgrammeBurden of TBGlobal Health databasesSputum smear microscopyActive TBAdult tuberculosisPositive TBTB casesTB programsAdult casesPROSPERO databaseSputum smearInclusion criteriaSmear microscopyHealth databasesSystematic reviewAdultsChildrenTuberculosisAssessing Local Risk of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling
Heidebrecht CL, Podewils LJ, Pym A, Mthiyane T, Cohen T. Assessing Local Risk of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling. PLOS ONE 2016, 11: e0153143. PMID: 27050561, PMCID: PMC4822784, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153143.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIncident TB casesTB casesResistant TBDrug-resistant TB casesRifampicin-resistant tuberculosisMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisDrug susceptibility testingRIF-resistant TBLot Quality Assurance SamplingQuality assurance samplingResistant diseaseHigh burdenRIF resistanceKwaZulu-NatalSusceptibility testingHigh-risk areasTuberculosisRiskGreater proportionBurdenTBDiseaseGeographic heterogeneityCasesRifampicin
2012
The impact of new tuberculosis diagnostics on transmission: why context matters
Lin HH, Dowdy D, Dye C, Murray M, Cohen T. The impact of new tuberculosis diagnostics on transmission: why context matters. Bulletin Of The World Health Organization 2012, 90: 739-747. PMID: 23109741, PMCID: PMC3471051, DOI: 10.2471/blt.11.101436.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBacterial Typing TechniquesBayes TheoremHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceMicroscopyModels, BiologicalSensitivity and SpecificitySputumTanzaniaTuberculosisConceptsNew tuberculosis diagnosticsNew diagnostic toolsPatient lossHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionTuberculosis diagnosticsSmear-negative pulmonary tuberculosisDiagnostic toolImmunodeficiency virus infectionTreatment success rateSmear-negative casesIncidence of tuberculosisEpidemiology of tuberculosisPatient defaultPulmonary tuberculosisTuberculosis careDiagnostic pathwayTuberculosis transmissionSymptomatic individualsVirus infectionSmear microscopyTuberculosisAnnual declineDiagnosisAbsolute changeSuccess rateControversies and Unresolved Issues in Tuberculosis Prevention and Control: A Low-Burden-Country Perspective
Abubakar I, Stagg HR, Cohen T, Mangtani P, Rodrigues LC, Pimpin L, Watson JM, Squire SB, Zumla A. Controversies and Unresolved Issues in Tuberculosis Prevention and Control: A Low-Burden-Country Perspective. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2012, 205: s293-s300. PMID: 22448025, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir886.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-risk groupTuberculosis preventionHigh-income countriesScreening of migrantsContacts of casesLow-burden countriesMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisRate of tuberculosisBurden of diseaseDuration of protectionMost high-income countriesConcentration of casesPreventive therapyBCG vaccineCurrent evidenceGeneral populationLow burdenSurveillance dataTuberculosisReach groupsHomeless personsPace of reductionPreventionBurdenGroup
2011
A modelling framework to support the selection and implementation of new tuberculosis diagnostic tools [State of the art series. Operational research. Number 8 in the series]
Lin HH, Langley I, Mwenda R, Doulla B, Egwaga S, Millington KA, Mann GH, Murray M, Squire SB, Cohen T. A modelling framework to support the selection and implementation of new tuberculosis diagnostic tools [State of the art series. Operational research. Number 8 in the series]. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2011, 15: 996-1004. PMID: 21740663, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0062.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDiagnostic strategiesHealth systemTB transmission dynamicsDiagnosis of tuberculosisHealth system requirementsDiagnostic toolHealth system componentsPolicy makersNew diagnostic strategiesHealth care infrastructureNovel diagnostic toolPatient outcomesDifferent epidemiologyJoint modelling frameworkModelling frameworkTest characteristicsCare infrastructureTransmission dynamicsRational choiceTuberculosisTechnological innovationStrategy decisionsDifficult decisionsMakersRecent introduction