2022
Neighbourhood prevalence-to-notification ratios for adult bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis reveals hotspots of underdiagnosis in Blantyre, Malawi
Khundi M, Carpenter JR, Corbett EL, Feasey HRA, Soko RN, Nliwasa M, Twabi H, Chiume L, Burke RM, Horton KC, Dodd PJ, Cohen T, MacPherson P. Neighbourhood prevalence-to-notification ratios for adult bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis reveals hotspots of underdiagnosis in Blantyre, Malawi. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0268749. PMID: 35605004, PMCID: PMC9126376, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268749.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCase notification ratesPrevalence surveyNotification ratioNeighbourhood prevalenceTB case notification ratesXpert MTB/RIFCase-finding interventionsTrue disease burdenChest X-ray screeningTB prevalence surveyTB surveillance systemMTB/RIFDiagnosis of tuberculosisSputum smear microscopyTB clinicTB patientsRespiratory infectionsTB prevalenceDisease burdenNotification ratesSmear microscopyX-ray screeningTuberculosisPrevalenceUrban tuberculosis
2016
Smear positivity in paediatric and adult tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Kunkel A, Abel zur Wiesch P, Nathavitharana RR, Marx FM, Jenkins HE, Cohen T. Smear positivity in paediatric and adult tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases 2016, 16: 282. PMID: 27296716, PMCID: PMC4906576, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1617-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercentage of childrenSmear positivityPooled percentageInverse variance heterogeneity modelPediatric TB casesSmear-positive TBNational TB ProgrammeBurden of TBGlobal Health databasesSputum smear microscopyActive TBAdult tuberculosisPositive TBTB casesTB programsAdult casesPROSPERO databaseSputum smearInclusion criteriaSmear microscopyHealth databasesSystematic reviewAdultsChildrenTuberculosis
2012
The impact of new tuberculosis diagnostics on transmission: why context matters
Lin HH, Dowdy D, Dye C, Murray M, Cohen T. The impact of new tuberculosis diagnostics on transmission: why context matters. Bulletin Of The World Health Organization 2012, 90: 739-747. PMID: 23109741, PMCID: PMC3471051, DOI: 10.2471/blt.11.101436.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNew tuberculosis diagnosticsNew diagnostic toolsPatient lossHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionTuberculosis diagnosticsSmear-negative pulmonary tuberculosisDiagnostic toolImmunodeficiency virus infectionTreatment success rateSmear-negative casesIncidence of tuberculosisEpidemiology of tuberculosisPatient defaultPulmonary tuberculosisTuberculosis careDiagnostic pathwayTuberculosis transmissionSymptomatic individualsVirus infectionSmear microscopyTuberculosisAnnual declineDiagnosisAbsolute changeSuccess rate