2023
Use of Expedited Regulatory Programs and Clinical Development Times for FDA-Approved Novel Therapeutics
Wong A, Mooghali M, Ramachandran R, Ross J, Wallach J. Use of Expedited Regulatory Programs and Clinical Development Times for FDA-Approved Novel Therapeutics. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2331753. PMID: 37651145, PMCID: PMC10472182, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.31753.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration regulatory reviewer disagreements and postmarket safety actions among new therapeutics
Eadie A, MacGregor A, Wallach J, Ross J, Herder M. US Food and Drug Administration regulatory reviewer disagreements and postmarket safety actions among new therapeutics. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2023, 28: 151-156. PMID: 36944478, DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2022-112005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNovel therapeuticsNew therapeuticsUS FoodReviewer disagreementTherapeutic approvalsFDA safety communicationCross-sectional studyBlack box warningPatient populationBox warningDrug AdministrationDrug approvalFDA reviewSafety actionsRegulatory approvalTherapeuticsFDAApprovalMarket approvalFDA reviewersReviewersInstances of disagreementReviewActionAdministration
2021
US Food and Drug Administration utilization of postmarketing requirements and postmarketing commitments, 2009–2018
Skydel JJ, Zhang AD, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Wallach JD. US Food and Drug Administration utilization of postmarketing requirements and postmarketing commitments, 2009–2018. Clinical Trials 2021, 18: 488-499. PMID: 33863236, PMCID: PMC8292154, DOI: 10.1177/17407745211005044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClinical studiesPostmarketing requirementsUS FoodDrug AdministrationNew therapeuticsClinical evidenceNew prospective cohort studyProspective cohort studyCross-sectional studyDrug Administration approvalCohort studyRetrospective studyUnapproved indicationsAdministration approvalClinical indicationsClinical trialsBACKGROUND/Median numberDisease populationTherapeutic safetyTherapeutic indicationsSecondary analysisNovel therapeuticsSmall molecule drugsOriginal approval
2019
Analysis of Postapproval Clinical Trials of Therapeutics Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration Without Clinical Postmarketing Requirements or Commitments
Skydel JJ, Luxkaranayagam AT, Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Wallach JD. Analysis of Postapproval Clinical Trials of Therapeutics Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration Without Clinical Postmarketing Requirements or Commitments. JAMA Network Open 2019, 2: e193410. PMID: 31074812, PMCID: PMC6512282, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3410.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPostapproval clinical trialsClinical trialsPrimary completion datePostmarketing requirementsNovel therapeuticsDrug AdministrationUS FoodNew indicationsPharmaceutical companiesNew clinical studiesCross-sectional analysisClinical outcomesStudy design elementsPatient populationUnapproved indicationsEfficacy dataClinical studiesStudy completionMAIN OUTCOMEFirst approvalMost trialsTrialsFDATherapeutic approvalsTherapeutics
2018
Coverage of Novel Therapeutic Agents by Medicare Prescription Drug Plans Following FDA Approval
Shaw DL, Dhruva SS, Ross JS. Coverage of Novel Therapeutic Agents by Medicare Prescription Drug Plans Following FDA Approval. Journal Of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy 2018, 24: 10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.12.1230. PMID: 30479199, PMCID: PMC10397592, DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.12.1230.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNovel therapeutic agentsPrescription drug plansOrphan drug statusFDA approvalYear of approvalTherapeutic agentsNovel therapeuticsPrior authorizationNovel therapiesPriority reviewStep therapyMedicare prescription drug plansDrug plansDrug coverageNational InstituteDrug statusPart D prescription drug benefitMedicaid ServicesDrug characteristicsTherapeutic areasCross-sectional studyDrug benefit coverageHealth insurance payerBlue Cross Blue Shield AssociationPrescription drug benefitEvidence supporting FDA approval and CMS national coverage determinations for novel medical products, 2005 through 2016
Roginiel AC, Dhruva SS, Ross JS. Evidence supporting FDA approval and CMS national coverage determinations for novel medical products, 2005 through 2016. Medicine 2018, 97: e12715. PMID: 30290675, PMCID: PMC6200488, DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012715.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOriginal clinical trialsCMS national coverage determinationsNational Coverage DeterminationClinical trialsFDA approvalControl armFDA approval documentsQuality of trialsCross-sectional studySignificant differencesCoverage determinationMedian ageMedian timePivotal trialsQuantity of evidenceInclusion criteriaTrial participantsMedicare populationCMS coverageDrug AdministrationStudy sizeNovel therapeuticsMedicaid ServicesMarketing approvalTrialsComparison of treatment effect sizes from pivotal and postapproval trials of novel therapeutics approved by the FDA based on surrogate markers of disease: a meta-epidemiological study
Wallach JD, Ciani O, Pease AM, Gonsalves GS, Krumholz HM, Taylor RS, Ross JS. Comparison of treatment effect sizes from pivotal and postapproval trials of novel therapeutics approved by the FDA based on surrogate markers of disease: a meta-epidemiological study. BMC Medicine 2018, 16: 45. PMID: 29562926, PMCID: PMC5863466, DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1023-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPostapproval trialsPivotal trialsActual clinical effectSurrogate markerTrial endpointsLarge treatment effectsPrimary endpointNovel therapeuticsNovel drugsTreatment effectsFDA approvalPatient-relevant outcomesMeta-epidemiological studyStandardized mean differenceTreatment effect sizeClinical effectsResultsBetween 2005Odds ratioDrug trialsSame indicationDrug AdministrationEvidence of differencesMean differenceU.S. FoodDisease
2017
Postmarket Safety Events Among Novel Therapeutics Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration Between 2001 and 2010
Downing NS, Shah ND, Aminawung JA, Pease AM, Zeitoun JD, Krumholz HM, Ross JS. Postmarket Safety Events Among Novel Therapeutics Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration Between 2001 and 2010. JAMA 2017, 317: 1854-1863. PMID: 28492899, PMCID: PMC5815036, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.5150.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNovel therapeuticsSafety eventsAccelerated approvalTherapeutic characteristicsUS FoodDrug AdministrationFDA approvalInitial regulatory approvalClinician decision makingNew safety risksMedian followCohort studyMedian timeMultivariable analysisBoxed warningDrug classesMAIN OUTCOMEClinical practicePostmarket periodPsychiatric diseasesPriority reviewTherapeutic areasOrphan statusPsychiatric therapeuticsBiologicsAssessing the potential clinical impact of reciprocal drug approval legislation on access to novel therapeutics in the USA: a cohort study
Larochelle M, Downing NS, Ross JS, David FS. Assessing the potential clinical impact of reciprocal drug approval legislation on access to novel therapeutics in the USA: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2017, 7: e014582. PMID: 28179418, PMCID: PMC5306516, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014582.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEuropean Medicines AgencyCohort studyClinical impactRare diseaseHealth CanadaNew therapeuticsLikely clinical impactPotential clinical impactUS patientsAvailable therapiesNovel mechanismDrug AdministrationMedicines AgencyNovel therapeuticsUS approvalNew drugsDrugsFDA submissionsReview outcomesTherapeuticsSafety concernsDiseaseFDAMechanistic noveltyAffected population
2016
Participation of the elderly, women, and minorities in pivotal trials supporting 2011–2013 U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals
Downing NS, Shah ND, Neiman JH, Aminawung JA, Krumholz HM, Ross JS. Participation of the elderly, women, and minorities in pivotal trials supporting 2011–2013 U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals. Trials 2016, 17: 199. PMID: 27079511, PMCID: PMC4832528, DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1322-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAge FactorsAgedClinical Trials as TopicCross-Sectional StudiesDatabases, FactualDrug ApprovalEthnicityFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHealthcare DisparitiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMinority GroupsPatient SelectionSex FactorsTime FactorsUnited StatesUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationConceptsSubgroup efficacy analysesPivotal trialsEfficacy analysisNovel therapeuticsSubgroup analysisTrial participantsU.S. FoodMean proportionAvailable FDA documentsCross-sectional studyDrug Administration approvalBasis of approvalYears of ageTrial patientsElderly patientsMedian ageBlack patientsAsian patientsAdministration approvalClinical studiesFDA reviewersPatientsHispanic participantsTrialsDemographic characteristics
2015
Efficacy And Safety Concerns Are Important Reasons Why The FDA Requires Multiple Reviews Before Approval Of New Drugs
Ross JS, Dzara K, Downing NS. Efficacy And Safety Concerns Are Important Reasons Why The FDA Requires Multiple Reviews Before Approval Of New Drugs. Health Affairs 2015, 34: 681-688. PMID: 25847652, DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1160.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2012
Regulatory Review of Novel Therapeutics — Comparison of Three Regulatory Agencies
Downing NS, Aminawung JA, Shah ND, Braunstein JB, Krumholz HM, Ross JS. Regulatory Review of Novel Therapeutics — Comparison of Three Regulatory Agencies. New England Journal Of Medicine 2012, 366: 2284-2293. PMID: 22591257, PMCID: PMC3504361, DOI: 10.1056/nejmsa1200223.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNovel therapeutic agentsEuropean Medicines AgencyHealth CanadaTherapeutic agentsNew therapeutic agentsMedian lengthTherapeutic comparisonsDrug AdministrationMedicines AgencyNew drug applicationsPrescription Drug User Fee ActNovel therapeuticsDrug applicationFDAUnique agentUnited StatesTotal review timeFirst reviewRegulatory agenciesReview timeDaysAgentsReviewRegulatory reviewVast majority