Sex, GABA, and nicotine: The impact of smoking on cortical GABA levels across the menstrual cycle as measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Epperson CN, O’Malley S, Czarkowski KA, Gueorguieva R, Jatlow P, Sanacora G, Rothman DL, Krystal JH, Mason GF. Sex, GABA, and nicotine: The impact of smoking on cortical GABA levels across the menstrual cycle as measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biological Psychiatry 2005, 57: 44-48. PMID: 15607299, PMCID: PMC4097033, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCortical GABA levelsOccipital cortex GABA concentrationsGABA levelsProton magnetic resonance spectroscopyImpact of nicotineMenstrual cycleGABA concentrationFemale smokersCortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levelsUnderwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopyGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levelsCentral GABAergic functionCortical GABA concentrationsNicotine-dependent menAmino acid neurotransmissionImpact of smokingPotential risk factorsMenstrual cycle phaseShort-term abstinenceGABAergic functionNicotine modulationSmoking menSmoking cessationFollicular phaseSmoking abstinenceEffects of smoking and smoking abstinence on cognition in adolescent tobacco smokers
Jacobsen LK, Krystal JH, Mencl WE, Westerveld M, Frost SJ, Pugh KR. Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on cognition in adolescent tobacco smokers. Biological Psychiatry 2005, 57: 56-66. PMID: 15607301, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdolescent smokersVerbal memoryTobacco cravingAdolescent daily smokersNicotine withdrawalAdolescent tobacco smokersDaily tobacco smokersDivided attentionVerbal learningCognitive enhancementMemory performanceSustained attentionCognitive performanceGeneral intelligenceAdolescent nonsmokersPerformance decrementsParental educational attainmentFemale smokersDepressed moodMemoryAffective symptomsDaily smokersRecency of smokingTobacco smokersEarly age