1991
Intonational differences between the reduplicative babbling of French- and English-learning infants*
Whalen D, Levitt A, Wang Q. Intonational differences between the reduplicative babbling of French- and English-learning infants*. Journal Of Child Language 1991, 18: 501-516. PMID: 1761611, DOI: 10.1017/s0305000900011223.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntonational differencesEnglish-learning infantsEnglish learningFrench learningPrelinguistic babblingTarget languageFalling intonationLanguage environmentReduplicated babblingF0 patternsLanguage groupsEnglish childrenFrench childrenLanguageUtterancesExpert listenersBabblingPerceptual assessmentFundamental frequencyIntonationSyllablesListenersFall categoriesFrenchCategories
1990
Gradient Effects of Fundamental Frequency on Stop Consonant Voicing Judgments
Whalen D, Abramson A, Lisker L, Mody M. Gradient Effects of Fundamental Frequency on Stop Consonant Voicing Judgments. Phonetica 1990, 47: 36-49. PMID: 2277812, DOI: 10.1159/000261851.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVoicing judgmentsF0 contoursContribution of intonationEffects of voiceVoiceless stopsVoiceless judgmentsIntonation contoursAverage F0F0 changesVocalic segmentsHigher F0Higher F0sFundamental frequencySyllablesContrast contourEffect of fundamental frequencyVoiceVowelsLow F0sFlat contourF0F0sJudgmentIntonationVOT