2004
Chronic neonatal hypoxia leads to long term decreases in the volume and cell number of the rat cerebral cortex
Schwartz ML, Vaccarino F, Chacon M, Yan WL, Ment LR, Stewart WB. Chronic neonatal hypoxia leads to long term decreases in the volume and cell number of the rat cerebral cortex. Seminars In Perinatology 2004, 28: 379-388. PMID: 15693394, DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2004.10.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDays of hypoxiaPreterm birth resultsNeuronal sizeBirth resultsHypoxic exposureCell numberChronic neonatal hypoxiaChronic sublethal hypoxiaNeonatal rodent modelPerinatal period altersRat cerebral cortexNeuronal cell numberBcl-2Glial cell numbersNormoxic environmentPostnatal day 3Cortical cell numberSignificant neurodevelopmental disabilitiesWestern blot analysisPreterm birthNeonatal hypoxiaNormoxic exposureCerebral cortexChronic hypoxiaControl pupsInjury and repair in developing brain
Vaccarino FM, Ment LR. Injury and repair in developing brain. Archives Of Disease In Childhood Fetal & Neonatal 2004, 89: f190. PMID: 15102716, PMCID: PMC1721670, DOI: 10.1136/adc.2003.043661.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
2002
Chronic hypoxia up-regulates fibroblast growth factor ligands in the perinatal brain and induces fibroblast growth factor-responsive radial glial cells in the sub-ependymal zone
Ganat Y, Soni S, Chacon M, Schwartz ML, Vaccarino FM. Chronic hypoxia up-regulates fibroblast growth factor ligands in the perinatal brain and induces fibroblast growth factor-responsive radial glial cells in the sub-ependymal zone. Neuroscience 2002, 112: 977-991. PMID: 12088755, DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00060-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBlotting, WesternCerebral CortexCerebral VentriclesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayEpendymaFibroblast Growth Factor 1Fibroblast Growth Factor 2HypoxiaImmunohistochemistryNeurogliaRatsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2Receptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorRegenerationUp-RegulationConceptsRadial glial cellsRadial gliaChronic hypoxiaGlial cellsFibroblast growth factor 1Periventricular regionBrain lipid binding proteinMajor receptorChronic hypoxic damageGlial fibrillary acidic proteinHypoxia/ischemiaSub-ventricular zoneImmature glial cellsFibrillary acidic proteinGrowth factor-1Ependymal zoneChronic hypoxemiaCerebral cortexHypoxic damageNeurotrophin familyPerinatal brainFGF receptor 1Rat pupsPostnatal weekGlial phenotype
2000
The subcellular localization of OTX2 is cell-type specific and developmentally regulated in the mouse retina
Baas D, Bumsted KM, Martinez JA, Vaccarino FM, Wikler KC, Barnstable CJ. The subcellular localization of OTX2 is cell-type specific and developmentally regulated in the mouse retina. Brain Research 2000, 78: 26-37. PMID: 10891582, DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00060-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords3T3 CellsAnimalsAntibodiesBlotting, WesternCell NucleusCytoplasmGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHomeodomain ProteinsHumansMiceMice, Inbred StrainsNerve Tissue ProteinsOtx Transcription FactorsPC12 CellsPigment Epithelium of EyeRabbitsRatsRetinal Ganglion CellsRetinal Rod Photoreceptor CellsTeratocarcinomaTrans-ActivatorsTransfectionTumor Cells, CulturedConceptsSubcellular localizationTranscription factorsHomeodomain-containing proteinCell fate determinationHomeodomain transcription factorCytoplasm of rodsFate determinationCell fateOtx2 proteinSubcellular distributionOtx2Retinal pigment epithelial cellsCell typesRod photoreceptorsPigment epithelial cellsRetinal developmentCytoplasmCell linesAdult eyesEpithelial cellsCentral nervous systemImmature rodsProteinCellsDifferential distribution
1999
Identification, Chromosomal Assignment, and Expression Analysis of the Human Homeodomain-Containing Gene Orthopedia (OTP)
Lin X, State M, Vaccarino F, Greally J, Hass M, Leckman J. Identification, Chromosomal Assignment, and Expression Analysis of the Human Homeodomain-Containing Gene Orthopedia (OTP). Genomics 1999, 60: 96-104. PMID: 10458915, DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5882.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBase SequenceBrainChromosome BandingChromosome MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 5DNA, ComplementaryDrosophila ProteinsExonsGene ExpressionGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenesHomeodomain ProteinsHumansImmunohistochemistryIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceIntronsMolecular Sequence DataNerve Tissue ProteinsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySequence AlignmentSequence Analysis, DNASequence Homology, Amino AcidConceptsHuman cDNAHuman homologueRadiation hybrid panel mappingDeduced amino acid sequenceHelix transcription factorOpen reading frameAmino acid sequenceHuman HomeodomainChromosomal assignmentHomeodomain genesCell fateGenomic libraryTranscription factorsHuman chromosomesReading frameGene productsAcid sequenceHD geneExpression analysisC-terminusYAC clonesNovel polyclonal antibodyOrthopediaCell migration patternsHuman fetal brain tissueChanges in cerebral cortex size are governed by fibroblast growth factor during embryogenesis
Vaccarino F, Schwartz M, Raballo R, Nilsen J, Rhee J, Zhou M, Doetschman T, Coffin J, Wyland J, Hung Y. Changes in cerebral cortex size are governed by fibroblast growth factor during embryogenesis. Nature Neuroscience 1999, 2: 246-253. PMID: 10195217, DOI: 10.1038/6350.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPseudostratified ventricular epitheliumFibroblast growth factor-2Number of gliaAdult cerebral cortexEnd of neurogenesisCerebral cortex sizeFibroblast growth factorGrowth factor 2Cerebral cortexCerebral ventricleSingle microinjectionCortical neuronsBrdU studiesCortical progenitorsVentricular epitheliumCortex sizeGrowth factorRat embryosFGF2 geneEarly neurogenesisFGF receptorsFactor 2GliaNeurogenesisCell cycle length
1997
Dlx-2 homeobox gene controls neuronal differentiation in primary cultures of developing basal ganglia
Ding M, Robel L, James A, Eisenstat D, Leckman J, Rubenstein J, Vaccarino F. Dlx-2 homeobox gene controls neuronal differentiation in primary cultures of developing basal ganglia. Journal Of Molecular Neuroscience 1997, 8: 93-113. PMID: 9188040, DOI: 10.1007/bf02736776.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibody SpecificityAntisense Elements (Genetics)Basal GangliaCell DifferentiationCell DivisionCells, CulturedCytoskeletal ProteinsDNA-Binding ProteinsFemaleGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenes, HomeoboxHomeodomain ProteinsIn Situ HybridizationMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsNeuritesNeuronsPhenotypePregnancyRatsRhombencephalonRNA-Binding ProteinsTelencephalonTranscription FactorsConceptsGene productsNeuronal differentiationMicrotubule-associated protein MAP1BHomeodomain-containing genesDlx-2Homeobox genesNeuronal polarityCellular phenotypesNeuronal lineageProtein MAP1BPrimary culturesCellular localizationMitotic cycleGlial fibrillary acidic proteinGenesProteinCell proliferationDendrite outgrowthExpression of MAP2MAP2-positive dendritesNeuronal dendritesNeurofilament subunitsExpressionMAP2 expressionMRNA
1995
Fibroblast growth factor 2 increases Otx2 expression in precursor cells from mammalian telencephalon
Robel L, Ding M, James A, Lin X, Simeone A, Leckman J, Vaccarino F. Fibroblast growth factor 2 increases Otx2 expression in precursor cells from mammalian telencephalon. Journal Of Neuroscience 1995, 15: 7879-7891. PMID: 8613727, PMCID: PMC6577918, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.15-12-07879.1995.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBase SequenceCell CountCells, CulturedDNA, ComplementaryDose-Response Relationship, DrugEmbryo, MammalianEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentFibroblast Growth Factor 2Gene ExpressionGenes, HomeoboxIntermediate Filament ProteinsMolecular ProbesMolecular Sequence DataNerve Tissue ProteinsNestinRatsStem CellsTelencephalonConceptsOtx2 expressionPrecursor cellsDifferent developmental stagesPopulation of neuroblastsRegulation of neurogenesisHomeobox genesEffects of FGF2Regulated fashionPostmitotic cellsPrimary culturesFibroblast growth factorBasic fibroblast growth factorMammalian telencephalonOtx2Developmental stagesMammalian forebrainDLX1FGF2Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Increases the Number of Excitatory Neurons Containing Glutamate in the Cerebral Cortex
Vaccarino F, Schwartz M, Hartigan D, Leckman J. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Increases the Number of Excitatory Neurons Containing Glutamate in the Cerebral Cortex. Cerebral Cortex 1995, 5: 64-78. PMID: 7719131, DOI: 10.1093/cercor/5.1.64.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBasic fibroblast growth factorNerve growth factorGlutamate-containing neuronsCerebral cortexFibroblast growth factorGrowth factorAspartate-containing neuronsDifferent neurotransmitter phenotypesNumber of GABARatio of glutamateStem cellsNeurotransmitter phenotypeExcitatory neuronsInhibitory neuronsRat telencephalonVentricular zoneBFGF mRNAGABANeuronsCortexGlutamateDiffusible factorsThreefold increaseCellsFactors
1994
Excitatory amino acid receptors in glial progenitor cells: Molecular and functional properties
Gallo V, Patneau D, Mayer M, Vaccarino F. Excitatory amino acid receptors in glial progenitor cells: Molecular and functional properties. Glia 1994, 11: 94-101. PMID: 7927651, DOI: 10.1002/glia.440110204.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH Keywords6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAnimalsCells, CulturedCerebral CortexDNA-Binding ProteinsEarly Growth Response Protein 1Gene Expression RegulationGenes, Immediate-EarlyGlutamic AcidImmediate-Early ProteinsKainic AcidMembrane PotentialsNerve Tissue ProteinsNeurotoxinsN-MethylaspartateOligodendrogliaRatsReceptors, GlutamateStem CellsTranscription FactorsConceptsCG-4 cellsAMPA receptor antagonist CNQXWhole-cell patch-clamp recordingsExcitatory amino acid receptorsProgenitor cellsAmino acid receptorsRat cerebral cortexPatch-clamp recordingsGlial progenitor cellsGlutamate receptor subunitsAgonists L-glutamateGlutamate-gated channelsImmediate early gene NGFIAntagonist CNQXCerebral cortexGABA antibodyPrimary cell linesGlutamate receptorsTransient elevationAcid receptorsReceptor subunitsOligodendrocyte lineageOligodendrocyte progenitorsL-glutamateKainate
1993
Induction of immediate early genes by cyclic AMP in primary cultures of neurons from rat cerebral cortex
Vaccarino FM, Hayward MD, Le HN, Hartigan DJ, Duman RS, Nestler EJ. Induction of immediate early genes by cyclic AMP in primary cultures of neurons from rat cerebral cortex. Brain Research 1993, 19: 76-82. PMID: 8103187, DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(93)90151-e.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepineAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBucladesineCells, CulturedCerebral CortexColforsinCyclic AMPDNA-Binding ProteinsDopamine AgentsEarly Growth Response Protein 1ErgolinesGene Expression RegulationGenes, fosGenes, junGlutamatesGlutamic AcidImmediate-Early ProteinsImmunohistochemistryKineticsNeurogliaNeuronsQuinpiroleRatsRNA, MessengerSecond Messenger SystemsTranscription FactorsVasoactive Intestinal PeptideConceptsVasoactive intestinal peptideRat cerebral cortexCerebral cortexExcitatory amino acid receptor antagonistsDibutyryl cAMPAmino acid receptor antagonistsPrimary culturesC-fosDihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channelsAcid receptor antagonistsIEG inductionCalcium-free mediumCAMP second messenger pathwayIEGs c-fosSKF 38393Immediate-early gene transcription factorsIntestinal peptideReceptor antagonistReceptor agonistSecond messenger pathwaysCalcium channelsDifferentiated neuronsBrief stimulationImmediate early genesIEG expression
1992
Differential induction of immediate early genes by excitatory amino acid receptor types in primary cultures of cortical and striatal neurons
Vaccarino F, Hayward M, Nestler E, Duman R, Tallman J. Differential induction of immediate early genes by excitatory amino acid receptor types in primary cultures of cortical and striatal neurons. Brain Research 1992, 12: 233-241. PMID: 1347632, DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(92)90089-t.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBlotting, NorthernCells, CulturedCerebral CortexCorpus StriatumDNA-Binding ProteinsEarly Growth Response Protein 1Gene Expression RegulationGenes, fosGenes, junGenes, RegulatorGlutamatesGlutamic AcidGlycineImmediate-Early ProteinsIsoquinolinesNeuronsPiperazinesProtein Kinase InhibitorsProto-OncogenesQuinoxalinesQuisqualic AcidRatsReceptors, AMPAReceptors, NeurotransmitterReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateRNA, MessengerSulfonamidesTranscription FactorsConceptsProtein kinase C inhibitor HNGFI-A mRNAC-fosImmediate early genesPrimary culturesC-JunEarly genesGene mRNAN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor typeExcitatory amino acid receptor typesReceptor typesInhibitor HHydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionic acidExcitatory amino acid glutamateIEG expressionTransmembrane calcium influxDifferential inductionNMDA receptor channelsNMDA receptor activationAmino acid glutamateMRNAReceptor activationImmediate early gene mRNAsReceptor channelsCerebral cortex
1991
Modulation of Protein Kinase C Translocation by Excitatory and Inhibitory Amino Acids in Primary Cultures of Neurons
Vaccarino F, Liljequist S, Tallman J. Modulation of Protein Kinase C Translocation by Excitatory and Inhibitory Amino Acids in Primary Cultures of Neurons. Journal Of Neurochemistry 1991, 57: 391-396. PMID: 1649249, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03765.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino AcidsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBicucullineCell MembraneCells, CulturedCerebral CortexCorpus StriatumDizocilpine MaleateGlutamatesKineticsNeuronsOxadiazolesPhorbol 12,13-DibutyrateProtein Kinase CRatsRats, Inbred StrainsReceptors, AMPAReceptors, NeurotransmitterReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateTetrodotoxinConceptsProtein kinase CPKC translocationAmino acidsExtracellular mediumProtein kinase C translocationAmino acid stimulationPrimary culturesKinase CC translocationExcitatory amino acid receptorsTranslocationExcitatory amino acid stimulationImine hydrogen maleateExcitatory amino acidsAmino acid receptorsRat cerebral cortexInhibitory amino acidsNMDA receptor antagonistAbsence of calciumAcid receptorsPhysiological concentrationsCerebral cortexMetabotropic receptorsReceptor antagonistAMPA receptors
1990
Primary cultures of corticostriatal cells from newborn rats: A model to study muscarinic receptor subtypes regulation and function
Eva C, Bovolin P, Balzac F, Botta C, Ricci Gamalero S, Vaccarino F. Primary cultures of corticostriatal cells from newborn rats: A model to study muscarinic receptor subtypes regulation and function. Journal Of Molecular Neuroscience 1990, 2: 143. PMID: 2177349, DOI: 10.1007/bf02896839.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetylcholineAdenylyl CyclasesAnimalsAnimals, NewbornCarbacholCells, CulturedCerebral CortexCholine O-AcetyltransferaseCorpus StriatumKineticsNeuronsPhosphatidylinositolsPolymerase Chain ReactionQuinuclidinyl BenzilateRadioligand AssayRatsReceptors, MuscarinicRNA, MessengerSecond Messenger SystemsConceptsAmount of acetylcholineDensity of mAChRsAdult rat cortexCholinergic receptorsRat cortexNeuronal culturesCholine acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neuronsPrimary culturesMuscarinic cholinergic receptorsTranscriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniqueReverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniqueNewborn rat brainAdenylate cyclase activityCorticostriatal cellsCorticostriatal neuronsImmunoreactive neuronsSubtype mRNAsChain reaction techniqueMuscarinic antagonistCholinergic transmissionMuscarinic agonistsSecond messenger systemsPostsynaptic componentsNewborn ratsRat brain
1988
Subsets of GABAergic neurons in dissociated cell cultures of neonatal rat cerebral cortex show co-localization with specific modulator peptides.
Alho H, Ferrarese C, Vicini S, Vaccarino F. Subsets of GABAergic neurons in dissociated cell cultures of neonatal rat cerebral cortex show co-localization with specific modulator peptides. Brain Research 1988, 467: 193-204. PMID: 3378169, DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(88)90023-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedCerebral CortexDiazepam Binding InhibitorElectrophysiologyGABA Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamate DecarboxylaseMembrane ProteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrganic Anion TransportersPeptide FragmentsRatsConceptsGlutamic acid decarboxylaseNeuropeptide YGABAergic propertiesCerebral cortexGAD immunoreactivityGABA-modulinNeonatal cortical neuronsPrimary culturesInhibitory synaptic currentsDouble-labeling studiesBenzodiazepine recognition sitesGABA receptor modulatorsUseful experimental modelDays of cultureNeuroregulatory peptideGABAergic neuronsGABAergic neurotransmissionSpontaneous excitatoryNeonatal ratsCortical neuronsReceptor modulatorsLower incidenceTyrosine hydroxylaseSynaptic currentsCultured neurons
1987
Ganglioside inhibition of glutamate-mediated protein kinase C translocation in primary cultures of cerebellar neurons.
Vaccarino F, Guidotti A, Costa E. Ganglioside inhibition of glutamate-mediated protein kinase C translocation in primary cultures of cerebellar neurons. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1987, 84: 8707-8711. PMID: 2825205, PMCID: PMC299615, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8707.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGranule cellsProtein kinase C translocationExcitatory amino acid neurotransmitter receptorsAmino acid neurotransmitter receptorsPrimary culturesGlutamate-mediated Ca2Cerebellar granule cellsHigh affinity recognition sitesPKC translocationNeurotransmitter receptorsRemoval of Ca2Cerebellar neuronsActivation of PKCC translocationNeuronal membranesGanglioside inhibitionRedistribution of PKCIncubation mediumGlutamateCa2PKCActivationSubcellular Location and Neuronal Release of Diazepam Binding Inhibitor
Ferrarese C, Vaccarino F, Alho H, Mellstrom B, Costa E, Guidotti A. Subcellular Location and Neuronal Release of Diazepam Binding Inhibitor. Journal Of Neurochemistry 1987, 48: 1093-1102. PMID: 3819722, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05632.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDBI-like immunoreactivitySlices of hypothalamusCerebral cortical neuronsGamma-aminobutyric acid receptorsRat brain neuronsDiazepam binding inhibitorAllosteric modulatory sitesVeratridine depolarizationNeuronal releaseCerebral cortexMicroM tetrodotoxinSlices of liverPeripheral organsCNS neuronsCortical neuronsBinding of benzodiazepinesCortical astrocytesBrain neuronsNeuromodulatory substancesRat brainSynaptosomal lysatesModulatory siteMet5-enkephalinAcid receptorsNeuronsCoexistence of GABA receptors and GABA-modulin in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells
Vaccarino FM, Alho H, Santi MR, Guidotti A. Coexistence of GABA receptors and GABA-modulin in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells. Journal Of Neuroscience 1987, 7: 65-76. PMID: 3027277, PMCID: PMC6568852, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.07-01-00065.1987.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedCerebellumFlunitrazepamFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGABA Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidHistocytochemistryMembrane ProteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsMuscimolNerve Tissue ProteinsOrganic Anion TransportersRadioimmunoassayRatsReceptors, GABA-ASynaptosomesConceptsRat brain synaptosomesGranule cell culturesBrain synaptosomesGranule cellsGABA-modulinPrimary culturesCerebellar granule cell culturesRat cerebellar granule cellsPurkinje cell dendritesGranular cell layerGABA receptor complexGABA recognition siteCerebellar granule cellsGABAergic neuronsGABAergic interneuronsCell dendritesGlial cellsGABA receptorsIntact cell monolayersCell membrane preparationsCell culturesCerebellar interneuronsCell bodiesSpecific antibodiesSynaptosomes
1986
Modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibitory synaptic currents in dissociated cortical cell cultures.
Vicini S, Alho H, Costa E, Mienville JM, Santi MR, Vaccarino FM. Modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibitory synaptic currents in dissociated cortical cell cultures. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1986, 83: 9269-9273. PMID: 3097650, PMCID: PMC387117, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.9269.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInhibitory synaptic currentsSynaptic currentsRo 15Whole-cell patch-clamp techniqueActions of flunitrazepamGamma-aminobutyric acid receptorsNeonatal rat cortexCortical cell culturesPatch-clamp techniqueImidazobenzodiazepine Ro 15High-affinity ligandsRat cortexSynaptic transmissionPostsynaptic cellElectrical stimulationEndogenous ligandAcid receptorsImmunocytochemical stainingPrimary culturesNeuronsFlunitrazepamCell culturesIntrinsic activityDerivative methylAllosteric regulatory site
1985
gamma-Aminobutyric acid- and benzodiazepine-induced modulation of [35S]- t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding to cerebellar granule cells
Gallo V, Wise BC, Vaccarino F, Guidotti A. gamma-Aminobutyric acid- and benzodiazepine-induced modulation of [35S]- t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding to cerebellar granule cells. Journal Of Neuroscience 1985, 5: 2432-2438. PMID: 4032005, PMCID: PMC6565307, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.05-09-02432.1985.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGamma-aminobutyric acidIntact cerebellar granule cellsCerebellar granule cellsGranule cellsT-butylbicyclophosphorothionateEffects of muscimolDose-dependent fashionAbsence of diazepamNeuroblastoma cell linesBenzodiazepine receptor ligandsSpecific bindingMicroM diazepamConvulsant activityCerebellar astrocytesMuscimolDiazepamLocke's solutionTotal radioactivityPrimary culturesReceptor ligandsCell linesReceptor complexCarboxylic acid methylesterInhibitionCells