2024
Massively parallel characterization of regulatory elements in the developing human cortex
Deng C, Whalen S, Steyert M, Ziffra R, Przytycki P, Inoue F, Pereira D, Capauto D, Norton S, Vaccarino F, Pollen A, Nowakowski T, Ahituv N, Pollard K, Akbarian S, Abyzov A, Ahituv N, Arasappan D, Almagro Armenteros J, Beliveau B, Bendl J, Berretta S, Bharadwaj R, Bhattacharya A, Bicks L, Brennand K, Capauto D, Champagne F, Chatterjee T, Chatzinakos C, Chen Y, Chen H, Cheng Y, Cheng L, Chess A, Chien J, Chu Z, Clarke D, Clement A, Collado-Torres L, Cooper G, Crawford G, Dai R, Daskalakis N, Davila-Velderrain J, Deep-Soboslay A, Deng C, DiPietro C, Dracheva S, Drusinsky S, Duan Z, Duong D, Dursun C, Eagles N, Edelstein J, Emani P, Fullard J, Galani K, Galeev T, Gandal M, Gaynor S, Gerstein M, Geschwind D, Girdhar K, Goes F, Greenleaf W, Grundman J, Guo H, Guo Q, Gupta C, Hadas Y, Hallmayer J, Han X, Haroutunian V, Hawken N, He C, Henry E, Hicks S, Ho M, Ho L, Hoffman G, Huang Y, Huuki-Myers L, Hwang A, Hyde T, Iatrou A, Inoue F, Jajoo A, Jensen M, Jiang L, Jin P, Jin T, Jops C, Jourdon A, Kawaguchi R, Kellis M, Khullar S, Kleinman J, Kleopoulos S, Kozlenkov A, Kriegstein A, Kundaje A, Kundu S, Lee C, Lee D, Li J, Li M, Lin X, Liu S, Liu J, Liu J, Liu C, Liu S, Lou S, Loupe J, Lu D, Ma S, Ma L, Margolis M, Mariani J, Martinowich K, Maynard K, Mazariegos S, Meng R, Myers R, Micallef C, Mikhailova T, Ming G, Mohammadi S, Monte E, Montgomery K, Moore J, Moran J, Mukamel E, Nairn A, Nemeroff C, Ni P, Norton S, Nowakowski T, Omberg L, Page S, Park S, Patowary A, Pattni R, Pertea G, Peters M, Phalke N, Pinto D, Pjanic M, Pochareddy S, Pollard K, Pollen A, Pratt H, Przytycki P, Purmann C, Qin Z, Qu P, Quintero D, Raj T, Rajagopalan A, Reach S, Reimonn T, Ressler K, Ross D, Roussos P, Rozowsky J, Ruth M, Ruzicka W, Sanders S, Schneider J, Scuderi S, Sebra R, Sestan N, Seyfried N, Shao Z, Shedd N, Shieh A, Shin J, Skarica M, Snijders C, Song H, State M, Stein J, Steyert M, Subburaju S, Sudhof T, Snyder M, Tao R, Therrien K, Tsai L, Urban A, Vaccarino F, van Bakel H, Vo D, Voloudakis G, Wamsley B, Wang T, Wang S, Wang D, Wang Y, Warrell J, Wei Y, Weimer A, Weinberger D, Wen C, Weng Z, Whalen S, White K, Willsey A, Won H, Wong W, Wu H, Wu F, Wuchty S, Wylie D, Xu S, Yap C, Zeng B, Zhang P, Zhang C, Zhang B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Ziffra R, Zeier Z, Zintel T. Massively parallel characterization of regulatory elements in the developing human cortex. Science 2024, 384: eadh0559. PMID: 38781390, DOI: 10.1126/science.adh0559.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCerebral CortexChromatinDeep LearningEnhancer Elements, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHumansNeurogenesisNeuronsOrganoidsRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidConceptsGene regulatory elementsRegulatory elementsRegulation of enhancer activityCharacterization of regulatory elementsCis-regulatory activityNeuronal developmentPrimary cellsEnhanced activityGene regulationHuman neuronal developmentNucleotide changesEnhancer sequencesSequence basisUpstream regulatorComprehensive catalogHuman cellsDeveloping cortexSequenceVariantsOrganoidsCellsCerebral organoidsCortexHuman cortexNucleotide
2021
Cell-to-Cell Adhesion and Neurogenesis in Human Cortical Development: A Study Comparing 2D Monolayers with 3D Organoid Cultures
Scuderi S, Altobelli GG, Cimini V, Coppola G, Vaccarino FM. Cell-to-Cell Adhesion and Neurogenesis in Human Cortical Development: A Study Comparing 2D Monolayers with 3D Organoid Cultures. Stem Cell Reports 2021, 16: 264-280. PMID: 33513360, PMCID: PMC7878838, DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.019.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2018
Transcriptome and epigenome landscape of human cortical development modeled in organoids
Amiri A, Coppola G, Scuderi S, Wu F, Roychowdhury T, Liu F, Pochareddy S, Shin Y, Safi A, Song L, Zhu Y, Sousa AMM, Gerstein M, Crawford G, Sestan N, Abyzov A, Vaccarino F, Akbarian S, An J, Armoskus C, Ashley-Koch A, Beach T, Belmont J, Bendl J, Borrman T, Brown L, Brown M, Brown M, Brunetti T, Bryois J, Burke E, Camarena A, Carlyle B, Chae Y, Charney A, Chen C, Cheng L, Cherskov A, Choi J, Clarke D, Collado-Torres L, Dai R, De La Torre Ubieta L, DelValle D, Devillers O, Dracheva S, Emani P, Evgrafov O, Farnham P, Fitzgerald D, Flatow E, Francoeur N, Fullard J, Gandal M, Gao T, Garrett M, Geschwind D, Giase G, Girdhar K, Giusti-Rodriguez P, Goes F, Goodman T, Grennan K, Gu M, Gürsoy G, Hadjimichael E, Hahn C, Haroutunian V, Hauberg M, Hoffman G, Huey J, Hyde T, Ivanov N, Jacobov R, Jaffe A, Jiang Y, Jiang Y, Johnson G, Kassim B, Kefi A, Kim Y, Kitchen R, Kleiman J, Knowles J, Kozlenkov A, Li M, Li Z, Lipska B, Liu C, Liu S, Mangravite L, Mariani J, Mattei E, Miller D, Moore J, Nairn A, Navarro F, Park R, Peters M, Pinto D, Pochareddy S, Polioudakis D, Pratt H, Price A, Purcaro M, Ray M, Reddy T, Rhie S, Roussos P, Sanders S, Santpere G, Schreiner S, Sheppard B, Shi X, Shieh A, Shin J, Skarica M, Song L, Sousa A, Spitsyna V, State M, Sullivan P, Swarup V, Szatkiewicz J, Szekely A, Tao R, van Bakel H, Wang Y, Wang D, Warrell J, Webster M, Weissman S, Weng Z, Werling D, White K, Willsey J, Wiseman J, Witt H, Won H, Wray G, Xia Y, Xu M, Yang Y, Yang M, Zandi P, Zhang J, Zharovsky E. Transcriptome and epigenome landscape of human cortical development modeled in organoids. Science 2018, 362 PMID: 30545853, PMCID: PMC6426303, DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6720.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCerebral CortexEnhancer Elements, GeneticEpigenesis, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsModels, NeurologicalNeurogenesisOrganoidsTranscriptome
2015
Altered expression of neuropeptides in FoxG1-null heterozygous mutant mice
Frullanti E, Amabile S, Lolli MG, Bartolini A, Livide G, Landucci E, Mari F, Vaccarino FM, Ariani F, Massimino L, Renieri A, Meloni I. Altered expression of neuropeptides in FoxG1-null heterozygous mutant mice. European Journal Of Human Genetics 2015, 24: 252-257. PMID: 25966633, PMCID: PMC4717204, DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.79.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBehavior, AnimalCerebral CortexFemaleForkhead Transcription FactorsGABAergic NeuronsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHeterozygoteHippocampusHumansMiceMice, KnockoutNerve Tissue ProteinsNeuropeptidesConceptsBasal gangliaAdult brainParvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneuronsNeonatal brain developmentWild-type littermatesGroup of neuropeptidesHeterozygous mutant miceHippocampal neurogenesisImpaired social interactionCalcium-dependent signalingTotal brainGABAergic interneuronsNeuronal excitabilityControl of movementHippocampal neuronsArginine vasopressinBehavioral impairmentsWhole brainMammalian forebrainHeterozygous miceMutant miceFOXG1 geneBrain developmentBrainAltered expression
2012
Oligodendrocyte Regeneration after Neonatal Hypoxia Requires FoxO1-Mediated p27Kip1 Expression
Jablonska B, Scafidi J, Aguirre A, Vaccarino F, Nguyen V, Borok E, Horvath TL, Rowitch DH, Gallo V. Oligodendrocyte Regeneration after Neonatal Hypoxia Requires FoxO1-Mediated p27Kip1 Expression. Journal Of Neuroscience 2012, 32: 14775-14793. PMID: 23077062, PMCID: PMC3517297, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2060-12.2012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornCell DifferentiationCells, CulturedCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Forkhead Box Protein O1Forkhead Transcription FactorsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHumansHypoxia, BrainInfantInfant, NewbornMiceMice, 129 StrainMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMice, TransgenicNerve RegenerationOligodendrogliaConceptsDiffuse white matter injuryNeonatal hypoxiaOligodendrocyte regenerationOligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferationWhite matter injuryWhite matter lesionsPermanent neurodevelopmental disabilityCritical developmental time windowWhite matter developmentOverexpression of FoxO1Preterm infantsProgenitor cell proliferationDevelopmental time windowMatter lesionsOligodendrocyte deathAbnormal myelinationNeurodevelopmental disabilitiesMouse modelBiphasic effectP27Kip1 expressionNull miceOligodendrogenesisHypoxiaOligodendrocyte differentiationOligodendrocyte developmentAge-related changes of gene expression in the neocortex: Preliminary data on RNA-Seq of the transcriptome in three functionally distinct cortical areas
Naumova OY, Palejev D, Vlasova NV, Lee M, Rychkov SY, Babich ON, Vaccarino F, Grigorenko EL. Age-related changes of gene expression in the neocortex: Preliminary data on RNA-Seq of the transcriptome in three functionally distinct cortical areas. Development And Psychopathology 2012, 24: 1427-1442. PMID: 23062308, PMCID: PMC3539811, DOI: 10.1017/s0954579412000818.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAgingFemaleFrontal LobeGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHumansNeocortexOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisSequence Analysis, RNATemporal LobeConceptsRNA-seqGene expressionAge-related transcriptional changesGene expression profilingCortical areasTranscriptional changesMolecular mechanismsTranscriptomeCentral nervous systemDistinct cortical areasAge-related changesDifferent cellsElderly individualsNervous systemExpressionAge-related variabilityNerve impulsesBrainPreliminary dataNeocortexHuman brainDevelopmental changesDifferent agesDistinct areasDifferentiationEnvironmental Enrichment Increases the GFAP+ Stem Cell Pool and Reverses Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Juvenile Mice
Salmaso N, Silbereis J, Komitova M, Mitchell P, Chapman K, Ment LR, Schwartz ML, Vaccarino FM. Environmental Enrichment Increases the GFAP+ Stem Cell Pool and Reverses Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Juvenile Mice. Journal Of Neuroscience 2012, 32: 8930-8939. PMID: 22745493, PMCID: PMC3399175, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1398-12.2012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBromodeoxyuridineCell CountCell DifferentiationCognition DisordersDeoxyuridineDisease Models, AnimalEnvironmentEstrogen AntagonistsFemaleGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHumansHypoxiaIdoxuridineKi-67 AntigenMaleMaze LearningMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicNerve Tissue ProteinsNeurogenesisNeurogliaReceptors, EstrogenStem CellsTamoxifenConceptsHypoxic injuryBrain injuryAstroglial cellsChronic hypoxic injuryDevelopmental brain injuryLow birth weightCell poolEnvironmental enrichmentAdult brain injuryAbnormal lung developmentStem cell poolPerinatal hypoxic injuryFate-mapping modelsSocio-demographic factorsNeurobiological recoveryHippocampal neurogenesisVLBW cohortPremature childrenBirth weightCardiovascular abnormalitiesJuvenile miceAnimal modelsLung developmentInjuryCognitive deficits
2011
FGF Signaling Expands Embryonic Cortical Surface Area by Regulating Notch-Dependent Neurogenesis
Rash BG, Lim HD, Breunig JJ, Vaccarino FM. FGF Signaling Expands Embryonic Cortical Surface Area by Regulating Notch-Dependent Neurogenesis. Journal Of Neuroscience 2011, 31: 15604-15617. PMID: 22031906, PMCID: PMC3235689, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4439-11.2011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAge FactorsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsBrainBromodeoxyuridineCaspase 3Cell CountCell DifferentiationCells, CulturedCerebral CortexDNA-Binding ProteinsElectroporationEmbryo, MammalianEye ProteinsFatty Acid-Binding Protein 7Fatty Acid-Binding ProteinsFibroblast Growth FactorsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsKi-67 AntigenMiceMice, TransgenicMutationNerve Tissue ProteinsNeurogenesisNeuronsPaired Box Transcription FactorsPAX6 Transcription FactorReceptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorReceptors, NotchRepressor ProteinsSignal TransductionStem CellsT-Box Domain ProteinsTranscription FactorsConceptsCortical neurogenesisCortical surface area expansionCortical surface expansionCortical surface areaGrowth factor receptorEmbryonic day 12.5Fibroblast growth factor receptorFGFR mutantsNormal miceCortical layer structureCortical developmentNeurogenic stagesDominant negative FGFRLoss of functionRadial progenitorsNeurogenesisNotch pathway genesSevere deficitsFactor receptorDay 12.5Notch pathwayMiceSimultaneous activationGreater proportionFGFR activity
2008
Regulation of Cerebral Cortical Size and Neuron Number by Fibroblast Growth Factors: Implications for Autism
Vaccarino FM, Grigorenko EL, Smith KM, Stevens HE. Regulation of Cerebral Cortical Size and Neuron Number by Fibroblast Growth Factors: Implications for Autism. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders 2008, 39: 511-520. PMID: 18850329, PMCID: PMC2847619, DOI: 10.1007/s10803-008-0653-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAutistic DisorderCerebral CortexFibroblast Growth FactorsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenetics, BehavioralHumansNeuronsSeizuresSocial BehaviorConceptsFibroblast growth factorCortical sizeNeuron numberExcitatory/inhibitory balanceGrowth factorCortical excitatory neuronsCortical neuron numberCerebral cortical sizeAutism spectrum disorderNetwork excitabilityInhibitory balanceRisk factorsCortical volumePathogenetic pathwaysExcitatory neuronsSpectrum disorderAnimal modelsBrain volumeDevelopmental alterationsPathologyDisordersSocial deficitsBrain sizeFGF genesSeizures
2005
Otx2 Regulates Subtype Specification and Neurogenesis in the Midbrain
Vernay B, Koch M, Vaccarino F, Briscoe J, Simeone A, Kageyama R, Ang SL. Otx2 Regulates Subtype Specification and Neurogenesis in the Midbrain. Journal Of Neuroscience 2005, 25: 4856-4867. PMID: 15888661, PMCID: PMC6724764, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5158-04.2005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAge FactorsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsBody PatterningBromodeoxyuridineCell CountCell DifferentiationDopamineEmbryo, MammalianEmbryonic InductionFibroblast Growth Factor 8Gene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHomeobox Protein Nkx-2.2Homeodomain ProteinsImmunohistochemistryIn Situ HybridizationIn Situ Nick-End LabelingIntermediate Filament ProteinsIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsMembrane ProteinsMesencephalonMiceMice, TransgenicNerve Tissue ProteinsNestinNeuronsOrganizers, EmbryonicOtx Transcription FactorsPatched ReceptorsReceptors, Cell SurfaceSerotoninTranscription FactorsWnt1 ProteinZebrafish ProteinsZinc Finger Protein GLI1ConceptsMid-hindbrain organizerFunction of Otx2Neuronal subtype identityTranscription factor Otx2Rostral brain developmentEmbryonic day 10.5Cre/loxP systemRole of Otx2Neuronal progenitor cellsMutant embryosProgenitor identityConditional mutantsE10.5 onwardOtx2 activityAnterior hindbrainEctopic expressionCerebellar-like structuresSubtype specificationSubtype identityTransgenic animalsNovel roleLater roleNovel mouse modelOtx2Otx2 expression
2000
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf2) Is Necessary for Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
Raballo R, Rhee J, Lyn-Cook R, Leckman J, Schwartz M, Vaccarino F. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf2) Is Necessary for Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis in the Developing Cerebral Cortex. Journal Of Neuroscience 2000, 20: 5012-5023. PMID: 10864959, PMCID: PMC6772267, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.20-13-05012.2000.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsApoptosisCell DivisionCerebral CortexChoroid PlexusEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentFibroblast Growth Factor 2Gene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGerm-Line MutationGestational AgeMiceMice, KnockoutProsencephalonReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1Receptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorTelencephalonConceptsFgf2 knockout micePseudostratified ventricular epitheliumKnockout miceCerebral cortexCortical neuronsFrontal cerebral cortexDeep cortical layersBasic fibroblast growth factorEnd of neurogenesisCortical neuron numberNeuronal progenitor cellsNull mutant miceBasic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) geneFibroblast growth factorDegree of apoptosisLarge neuronsBasal gangliaCortical layersFgf2 knockoutGrowth factor geneMutant miceVentricular epitheliumGermline mutationsNeuron numberNeurogenesisThe subcellular localization of OTX2 is cell-type specific and developmentally regulated in the mouse retina
Baas D, Bumsted KM, Martinez JA, Vaccarino FM, Wikler KC, Barnstable CJ. The subcellular localization of OTX2 is cell-type specific and developmentally regulated in the mouse retina. Brain Research 2000, 78: 26-37. PMID: 10891582, DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00060-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords3T3 CellsAnimalsAntibodiesBlotting, WesternCell NucleusCytoplasmGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHomeodomain ProteinsHumansMiceMice, Inbred StrainsNerve Tissue ProteinsOtx Transcription FactorsPC12 CellsPigment Epithelium of EyeRabbitsRatsRetinal Ganglion CellsRetinal Rod Photoreceptor CellsTeratocarcinomaTrans-ActivatorsTransfectionTumor Cells, CulturedConceptsSubcellular localizationTranscription factorsHomeodomain-containing proteinCell fate determinationHomeodomain transcription factorCytoplasm of rodsFate determinationCell fateOtx2 proteinSubcellular distributionOtx2Retinal pigment epithelial cellsCell typesRod photoreceptorsPigment epithelial cellsRetinal developmentCytoplasmCell linesAdult eyesEpithelial cellsCentral nervous systemImmature rodsProteinCellsDifferential distribution
1999
Identification, Chromosomal Assignment, and Expression Analysis of the Human Homeodomain-Containing Gene Orthopedia (OTP)
Lin X, State M, Vaccarino F, Greally J, Hass M, Leckman J. Identification, Chromosomal Assignment, and Expression Analysis of the Human Homeodomain-Containing Gene Orthopedia (OTP). Genomics 1999, 60: 96-104. PMID: 10458915, DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5882.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBase SequenceBrainChromosome BandingChromosome MappingChromosomes, Human, Pair 5DNA, ComplementaryDrosophila ProteinsExonsGene ExpressionGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenesHomeodomain ProteinsHumansImmunohistochemistryIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceIntronsMolecular Sequence DataNerve Tissue ProteinsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySequence AlignmentSequence Analysis, DNASequence Homology, Amino AcidConceptsHuman cDNAHuman homologueRadiation hybrid panel mappingDeduced amino acid sequenceHelix transcription factorOpen reading frameAmino acid sequenceHuman HomeodomainChromosomal assignmentHomeodomain genesCell fateGenomic libraryTranscription factorsHuman chromosomesReading frameGene productsAcid sequenceHD geneExpression analysisC-terminusYAC clonesNovel polyclonal antibodyOrthopediaCell migration patternsHuman fetal brain tissue6 Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Growth and Morphogenesis at Multiple Steps during Brain Development11This work represents a collaboration between the laboratories of the first two authors.
Vaccarino F, Schwartz M, Raballo R, Rhee J, Lyn-Cook R. 6 Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Growth and Morphogenesis at Multiple Steps during Brain Development11This work represents a collaboration between the laboratories of the first two authors. Current Topics In Developmental Biology 1999, 46: 179-200. PMID: 10417880, DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60329-4.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrainCell DifferentiationCell LineageCentral Nervous SystemCerebral CortexFibroblast Growth FactorsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHumansMorphogenesisSignal TransductionConceptsCentral nervous system regionsNervous system regionsCentral nervous systemRole of FGF2Growth factor familyCerebral cortexFibroblast growth factor (FGF) familyCortical developmentNervous systemFibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalingGrowth factor signalingSystem regionsFactor signalingMolecular mechanismsCoordinated activationDistinct patternsTarget genesFGF2FGFFactor familyCortex
1997
Dlx-2 homeobox gene controls neuronal differentiation in primary cultures of developing basal ganglia
Ding M, Robel L, James A, Eisenstat D, Leckman J, Rubenstein J, Vaccarino F. Dlx-2 homeobox gene controls neuronal differentiation in primary cultures of developing basal ganglia. Journal Of Molecular Neuroscience 1997, 8: 93-113. PMID: 9188040, DOI: 10.1007/bf02736776.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibody SpecificityAntisense Elements (Genetics)Basal GangliaCell DifferentiationCell DivisionCells, CulturedCytoskeletal ProteinsDNA-Binding ProteinsFemaleGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenes, HomeoboxHomeodomain ProteinsIn Situ HybridizationMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsNeuritesNeuronsPhenotypePregnancyRatsRhombencephalonRNA-Binding ProteinsTelencephalonTranscription FactorsConceptsGene productsNeuronal differentiationMicrotubule-associated protein MAP1BHomeodomain-containing genesDlx-2Homeobox genesNeuronal polarityCellular phenotypesNeuronal lineageProtein MAP1BPrimary culturesCellular localizationMitotic cycleGlial fibrillary acidic proteinGenesProteinCell proliferationDendrite outgrowthExpression of MAP2MAP2-positive dendritesNeuronal dendritesNeurofilament subunitsExpressionMAP2 expressionMRNA