2024
Primary Prevention of Stroke: Identifying High-Risk Patients
Kaslow J, Kernan W. Primary Prevention of Stroke: Identifying High-Risk Patients. 2024, 431-443. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-66289-8_36.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRisk factorsPrimary careHealthy behaviorsPatient-centeredCoronary artery diseaseRisk of strokeChronic diseasesPreventable deathsMedical practicePublic healthUnhealthy onesIncreased riskRisk reductionHigh riskHigh-risk patientsStrokeRiskArtery diseaseCareHealthDisabilityPatientsMedicationFactorsGuidelines2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Bushnell C, Kernan W, Sharrief A, Chaturvedi S, Cole J, Cornwell W, Cosby-Gaither C, Doyle S, Goldstein L, Lennon O, Levine D, Love M, Miller E, Nguyen-Huynh M, Rasmussen-Winkler J, Rexrode K, Rosendale N, Sarma S, Shimbo D, Simpkins A, Spatz E, Sun L, Tangpricha V, Turnage D, Velazquez G, Whelton P. 2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2024, 55: e344-e424. PMID: 39429201, DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000475.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrimary prevention of strokePrimary preventionPrevention of strokeAmerican Heart Association/American Stroke AssociationRisk factor preventionNo history of strokeLife's Essential 8American Heart AssociationHistory of strokeIncident strokeStroke guidelinesStroke AssociationPrevention strategiesBrain healthRelevant databasesCochrane LibraryComprehensive searchEssential 8Hemorrhagic strokeHeart AssociationStrokeNo historyGuidelinesPreventionAmerican
2022
Technical Dissonance in Home Blood Pressure Monitoring After Stroke: Having the Machine, but Not Using Correctly.
Forman R, Viscoli C, Meurer K, Sheth K, Sansing L, de Havenon A, Sharma R, Mariscal M, Kernan W. Technical Dissonance in Home Blood Pressure Monitoring After Stroke: Having the Machine, but Not Using Correctly. American Journal Of Hypertension 2022, 36: 195-200. PMID: 36520024, PMCID: PMC10016067, DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac129.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHome blood pressure monitoringBlood pressure monitoringBlood pressurePressure monitoringNon-Hispanic white patientsProportion of patientsCross-sectional studyNon-Hispanic white participantsStroke recurrenceRate of useMost patientsPrimary outcomeWhite patientsRate of possessionPatientsUnderrepresented patientsArm cuffHypertensionStrokeCorrect useWhite participantsSignificant disparitiesEthnic groupsParticipantsQuality of technique
2011
Boosting enrolment in clinical trials: validation of a regional network model
Kernan W, Viscoli C, Brass L, Amatangelo M, Birch A, Clark W, Conwit R, Furie K, Gorman M, Pesapane B, Kleindorfer D, Lovejoy A, Osborne J, Silliman S, Zweifler R, Horwitz R. Boosting enrolment in clinical trials: validation of a regional network model. Clinical Trials 2011, 8: 645-653. PMID: 21824978, PMCID: PMC3852692, DOI: 10.1177/1740774511414925.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClinical trialsTransient ischemic attackNames of patientsEligible patientsIschemic attackStroke preventionDrug adherenceStroke therapyActive surveillanceAverage monthly rateHome visitsPatientsHospitalTrial researchParticipant costsOutreach NetworkMultiple hospitalsTrialsStudy intervalNational InstituteEnrollmentMonthly rateStrokeParticipantsReproducible method
2010
What Is the Future of Stroke Prevention?
Kernan WN, Launer LJ, Goldstein LB. What Is the Future of Stroke Prevention? Stroke 2010, 41: s35-s38. PMID: 20876501, PMCID: PMC4795938, DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.592022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk factorsPolypill approachDrug-related side effectsCardiovascular risk factorsFirst ischemic strokeStroke risk factorsMultiple risk factorsOlder adult populationStroke preventionIschemic strokeBlood pressureCholesterol levelsClinical trialsSide effectsAdult populationPolypillStrokeEntire populationRiskLarge populationPopulationCertain ageMedicationsPharmacodynamicsPharmacokinetics
2005
Major Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Young Are Modifiable
Feldmann E, Broderick JP, Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Brott T, Morgenstern LB, Wilterdink JL, Horwitz RI. Major Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Young Are Modifiable. Stroke 2005, 36: 1881-1885. PMID: 16081867, DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000177480.62341.6b.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary intracerebral hemorrhageIntracerebral hemorrhageMajor risk factorRisk factorsHemorrhagic strokeCase subjectsIndependent risk factorHistory of strokeCurrent cigarette smokingCase-control studyType of strokeMultivariate regression analysisCigarette smokingStroke ProjectControl subjectsStructural lesionsArteriovenous malformationsBrain lesionsEligibility criteriaStrokeYoung menAlcoholic drinksFurther studiesHemorrhageMenopauseAssociation between Impaired Insulin Sensitivity and Stroke
Bravata DM, Wells CK, Kernan WN, Concato J, Brass LM, Gulanski BI. Association between Impaired Insulin Sensitivity and Stroke. Neuroepidemiology 2005, 25: 69-74. PMID: 15947493, DOI: 10.1159/000086286.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHomeostasis model assessmentInsulin sensitivityGlycemic controlMultivariable logistic regression analysisStroke risk factorsLower insulin sensitivityThird National HealthImpaired insulin sensitivityLogistic regression analysisStroke historyInsulin resistancePlasma insulinPlasma glucoseRisk factorsNational HealthNutrition SurveyModel assessmentStrokeRegression analysisAssociationParticipantsClaudicationInsulinRacial Disparities in Stroke Risk Factors
Bravata DM, Wells CK, Gulanski B, Kernan WN, Brass LM, Long J, Concato J. Racial Disparities in Stroke Risk Factors. Stroke 2005, 36: 1507-1511. PMID: 15961710, DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000170991.63594.b6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStroke risk factorsRisk factorsStroke historyHigh prevalenceLow high-density lipoprotein cholesterolHigher C-reactive proteinHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolCommunity-dwelling stroke survivorsC-reactive proteinThird National HealthSevere strokeLipoprotein cholesterolMyocardial infarctionNational HealthStroke survivorsNutrition SurveyHigh incidenceUS populationStrokeOlder ageCross-sectional samplePrevalenceRacial disparitiesEthnic differencesAssociationEstrogen therapy and risk of cognitive decline: Results from the Women's Estrogen for Stroke Trial (WEST)
Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Kernan WN, Sarrel PM, Suissa S, Horwitz RI. Estrogen therapy and risk of cognitive decline: Results from the Women's Estrogen for Stroke Trial (WEST). American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology 2005, 192: 387-393. PMID: 15695976, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.08.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMini-Mental State ExaminationEstrogen therapyCognitive declineNormal Mini-Mental State ExaminationDouble-blind trialSecondary stroke preventionTransient ischemic attackIschemic attackPostmenopausal womenStroke preventionRecent strokeStroke trialsCerebrovascular diseaseWomen's EstrogenEstradiol-17betaState ExaminationCognitive measuresEstrogenWomenNormal functionDomain measuresLess declineTherapyStrokeRiskDecline in Physical Performance Among Women With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke
Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Gill TM, Sarrel PM, Horwitz RI. Decline in Physical Performance Among Women With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2005, 36: 630-634. PMID: 15677573, DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000155728.42847.de.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTransient ischemic attackIschemic strokePhysical performance testsPhysical performanceIschemic attackRecent transient ischemic attackRecent ischemic strokeRecurrent neurological eventsAbsence of recurrenceLong-term disabilityEstrogen therapyRecurrent strokePostmenopausal womenNeurological eventsClinical trialsPPT scoresBaseline scoresFunctional independenceStrokeSpecific interventionsSubsequent strokeWomenSustained declineScoresBaseline
2003
Impaired insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent TIA or ischemic stroke
Kernan WN, Inzucchi SE, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Bravata DM, Shulman GI, McVeety JC, Horwitz RI. Impaired insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent TIA or ischemic stroke. Neurology 2003, 60: 1447-1451. PMID: 12743229, DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000063318.66140.a3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImpaired insulin sensitivityIschemic strokeInsulin sensitivityRecent TIANondiabetic patientsMyocardial infarctionComposite insulin sensitivity indexInsulin sensitivity index valuesOral glucose tolerance testAge 45 yearsGlucose tolerance testInsulin sensitivity indexImportant therapeutic implicationsEligible patientsNondiabetic menStroke etiologyEligible subjectsMedian ageYounger patientsTolerance testHeart diseaseTherapeutic implicationsPatientsGlucose valuesStrokePioglitazone Improves Insulin Sensitivity Among Nondiabetic Patients With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke
Kernan WN, Inzucchi SE, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Bravata DM, Shulman GI, McVeety JC, Horwitz RI. Pioglitazone Improves Insulin Sensitivity Among Nondiabetic Patients With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2003, 34: 1431-1436. PMID: 12730556, DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000071108.00234.0e.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRecent transient ischemic attackTransient ischemic attackGlucose tolerance testOral glucose tolerance testHistory of diabetesInsulin sensitivityTolerance testIschemic attackNondiabetic patientsEligible subjectsIschemic strokeMean C-reactive protein concentrationC-reactive protein concentrationsEffectiveness of pioglitazoneMonths of therapyGlucose blood levelsYears of ageMean proportional increaseIndex eventBlood levelsPatientsPlaceboPioglitazoneStrokeDiabetesUse of Ephedra-containing products and risk for hemorrhagic stroke
Morgenstern LB, Viscoli CM, Kernan WN, Brass LM, Broderick JP, Feldmann E, Wilterdink JL, Brott T, Horwitz RI. Use of Ephedra-containing products and risk for hemorrhagic stroke. Neurology 2003, 60: 132-135. PMID: 12525737, DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000042092.20411.5b.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2002
Insulin resistance and risk for stroke
Kernan WN, Inzucchi SE, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Bravata DM, Horwitz RI. Insulin resistance and risk for stroke. Neurology 2002, 59: 809-815. PMID: 12349850, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.59.6.809.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInsulin resistanceRisk factorsProspective observational cohort studyType 2 diabetes mellitusInsulin-mediated glucose uptakeObservational cohort studyPrevalent risk factorsImportant risk factorType 2 diabetesCase-control studyPertinent English-language publicationsEnglish-language publicationsCardinal defectsPhysical deconditioningStroke preventionCohort studyMost patientsDiabetes mellitusPathophysiologic defectsNondiabetic individualsVascular diseasePeripheral tissuesElderly personsStrokeDefective glycogen synthesisClinical assessment of function among women with a recent cerebrovascular event: a self-reported versus performance-based measure.
Owens PL, Bradley EH, Horwitz SM, Viscoli CM, Kernan WN, Brass LM, Sarrel PM, Horwitz RI. Clinical assessment of function among women with a recent cerebrovascular event: a self-reported versus performance-based measure. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2002, 136: 802-11. PMID: 12044128, DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong-term health outcomesRecent cerebrovascular eventsLevel of functionCerebrovascular eventsPerformance-based measuresHealth outcomesSelf-reported functional statusTransient ischemic attackProspective cohort studyPhysical performance testsSelf-report measuresIschemic attackPostmenopausal womenBarthel IndexCohort studyNonwhite ethnicityFunctional statusClinical assessmentMost womenHealth measuresClinical settingSubsequent strokeWomenOutcomesStroke
2001
A Clinical Trial of Estrogen-Replacement Therapy after Ischemic Stroke
Viscoli C, Brass L, Kernan W, Sarrel P, Suissa S, Horwitz R. A Clinical Trial of Estrogen-Replacement Therapy after Ischemic Stroke. New England Journal Of Medicine 2001, 345: 1243-1249. PMID: 11680444, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa010534.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEstrogen replacement therapyEstrogen therapyNonfatal strokePostmenopausal womenIschemic strokeCerebrovascular diseasePlacebo-controlled trialTransient ischemic attackOccurrence of strokeRisk of deathIschemic attackFatal strokeMean followPlacebo groupSecondary preventionEstradiol groupFunctional deficitsClinical trialsObservational studyHigh riskWoman's riskTherapyStrokeWomenDeathA Quality-of-Life Instrument for Young Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients
Hamedani A, Wells C, Brass L, Kernan W, Viscoli C, Maraire J, Awad I, Horwitz R. A Quality-of-Life Instrument for Young Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients. Stroke 2001, 32: 687-695. PMID: 11239188, DOI: 10.1161/01.str.32.3.687.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOutcome measuresHemorrhagic strokeQuality of lifeValid QOL instrumentHemorrhagic stroke patientsHemorrhagic stroke survivorsAvailable outcome measuresDistinct subject groupsYounger patientsStroke patientsPatient interviewsNeurological impairmentStroke survivorsMotor functionQOL instrumentsLife instrumentsMortality ratePatient's lifeHigh initial mortality rateStrokePatientsCeiling effectsSubject groupsInitial mortality rateInternal consistency
2000
Phenylpropanolamine and the Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Kernan W, Viscoli C, Brass L, Broderick J, Brott T, Feldmann E, Morgenstern L, Wilterdink J, Horwitz R. Phenylpropanolamine and the Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke. New England Journal Of Medicine 2000, 343: 1826-1832. PMID: 11117973, DOI: 10.1056/nejm200012213432501.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUse of coughHemorrhagic strokeAppetite suppressantsCold remediesControl subjectsOdds ratioIndependent risk factorCase-control studyYears of ageRandom digit dialingIntracerebral hemorrhageCase reportRisk factorsBrain lesionsWomen 18CoughEligibility criteriaStrokeU.S. hospitalsPhenylpropanolamineWomenPatientsMenRiskAssociationBlood Pressure Exceeding National Guidelines Among Women After Stroke
Kernan W, Viscoli C, Brass L, Makuch R, Sarrel P, Horwitz R. Blood Pressure Exceeding National Guidelines Among Women After Stroke. Stroke 2000, 31: 415-419. PMID: 10657415, DOI: 10.1161/01.str.31.2.415.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHistory of hypertensionBlood pressure valuesNational guidelinesBlood pressureFirst examinationTrial of estrogenSecondary stroke preventionTransient ischemic attackBlood pressure controlTreatment of hypertensionProportion of womenIschemic attackSevere hypertensionStroke preventionSecondary preventionDiabetic patientsMean ageHypertensionPatientsPressure valuesPersonal physicianPressure controlSeparate guidelinesStrokeWomenThe Stroke Prognosis Instrument II (SPI-II)
Kernan W, Viscoli C, Brass L, Makuch R, Sarrel P, Roberts R, Gent M, Rothwell P, Sacco R, Liu R, Boden-Albala B, Horwitz R. The Stroke Prognosis Instrument II (SPI-II). Stroke 2000, 31: 456-462. PMID: 10657422, DOI: 10.1161/01.str.31.2.456.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk groups ICongestive heart failurePooled rateRisk groupsGroup IPrior strokeSPI-IIHeart failureOutcome ratesTest cohortPooled outcome ratesTransient ischemic attackCoronary artery diseasePatient risk groupsStroke Prognosis Instrument IIReceiver operator characteristic analysisOperator characteristic analysisIschemic attackIschemic strokeArtery diseaseIndex eventPatient counselingNew predictive variablesStrokeTotal score