2012
Myelin, Impulse Conduction, and the Pathophysiology of Demyelination
Bangalore L, Waxman S. Myelin, Impulse Conduction, and the Pathophysiology of Demyelination. 2012, 529-542. DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199794591.003.0042.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPathophysiology of demyelinationNormal brain functionMultiple sclerosisGlial cellsParkinson's diseaseNeurological diseasesAlzheimer's diseasePsychiatric conditionsImpulse conductionBrain functionDiseaseGliaNeuronsBasic biologyCell anatomyConcerted actionCellsDemyelinationSclerosisPathophysiologyStrokeCentral roleBrainMyelin
1997
Spinal Cord Repair: Progress Towards a Daunting Goal
Waxman S, Kocsis J. Spinal Cord Repair: Progress Towards a Daunting Goal. The Neuroscientist 1997, 3: 263-269. DOI: 10.1177/107385849700300414.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSpinal cord repairSpinal cordHuman spinal cord injuryUse of neurotrophinsSpinal cord injuryMyelin-forming glial cellsSpinal cord tractsFunctional recoveryNerve graftsAnatomical repairCord injuryGlial cellsAnimal modelsWhite matterGray matterClinical goalsCordInjuryPartial restorationRepairDaunting goalTransplantationNeurotrophinsGraftCNSFunctional Repair of Myelinated Fibers in the Spinal Cord by Transplantation of Glial Cells
Waxman S, Kocsis J. Functional Repair of Myelinated Fibers in the Spinal Cord by Transplantation of Glial Cells. Altschul Symposia Series 1997, 283-298. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5949-8_28.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConduction velocityMyelinated axonsMyelin sheathNon-myelinated fibresClinical deficitsMyelin damageConduction abnormalitiesDemyelinated axonsSpinal cordGlial cellsMyelinated fibersConduction blockSynaptic terminalsAction potentialsRefractory periodCell bodiesDemyelinated fibersAxonsFunctional repair
1996
Manipulation of the delayed rectifier Kv1.5 potassium channel in glial cells by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides
Roy M, Saal D, Perney T, Sontheimer H, Waxman S, Kaczmarek L. Manipulation of the delayed rectifier Kv1.5 potassium channel in glial cells by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Glia 1996, 18: 177-184. PMID: 8915650, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199611)18:3<177::aid-glia2>3.0.co;2-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlial cellsKv1.5 channel proteinSpinal cordKv1.5 proteinCultured spinal cordTEA-insensitive currentSpinal cord astrocytesRectifier current densityPotassium channel typesAntisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatmentKv1.5 potassium channelAdult ratsCerebellar slicesChannel proteinsAstrocytesOligodeoxynucleotide treatmentPotassium channelsRectifier currentEndfoot processesSuch treatmentCurrent activationAntisense oligodeoxynucleotidesCordCellsTreatmentVoltage-gated Na+ channels in glia: properties and possible functions
Sontheimer H, Black J, Waxman S. Voltage-gated Na+ channels in glia: properties and possible functions. Trends In Neurosciences 1996, 19: 325-331. PMID: 8843601, DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236(96)10039-4.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1994
Rat brain Na+ channel mRNAs in non‐excitable Schwann cells
Oh Y, Black J, Waxman S. Rat brain Na+ channel mRNAs in non‐excitable Schwann cells. FEBS Letters 1994, 350: 342-346. PMID: 8070590, DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00807-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAstrocyte Na+ channels are required for maintenance of Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity
Sontheimer H, Fernandez-Marques E, Ullrich N, Pappas C, Waxman S. Astrocyte Na+ channels are required for maintenance of Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity. Journal Of Neuroscience 1994, 14: 2464-2475. PMID: 8182422, PMCID: PMC6577452, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.14-05-02464.1994.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornAstrocytesAstrocytomaCell LineCells, CulturedElectrophysiologyGanglia, SpinalGliomaMembrane PotentialsModels, BiologicalOuabainRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRubidiumSodiumSodium ChannelsSodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseStrophanthidinTetrodotoxinTime FactorsTumor Cells, CulturedConceptsEffects of TTXGlial cellsAction potential electrogenesisRat spinal cordPatch-clamp recordingsAstrocyte membrane potentialDose-dependent mannerVoltage-activated channelsAcute blockadeSpinal cordVoltage-activated ion channelsSpecific blockerATPase activityAstrocytesTTXAstrocyte deathAction potentialsUnidirectional influxBlockadeExcitable cellsIon channelsOuabainExtracellular spaceMembrane potentialIon levelsAnoxic Injury of Central Myelinated Axons: Nonsynaptic Ionic Mechanisms
Ransom B, Waxman S, Stys P. Anoxic Injury of Central Myelinated Axons: Nonsynaptic Ionic Mechanisms. 1994, 77-90. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-78151-3_9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGlial cellsAnoxic injuryWhite matterCentral nervous system traumaIrreversible anoxic injuryPathophysiology of strokeNervous system traumaCentral myelinated axonsNeuronal cell bodiesAnoxia/ischemiaGray matter areasCNS axonal injuryNeuronal injuryIonic mechanismsAxonal injurySystem traumaCell injuryMyelinated axonsInjuryCell bodiesAxonsMatter areasBrainMetabolic substratesReliable model system
1993
Molecular dissection of the myelinated axon
Waxman S, Ritchie J. Molecular dissection of the myelinated axon. Annals Of Neurology 1993, 33: 121-136. PMID: 7679565, DOI: 10.1002/ana.410330202.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyelinated axonsInternodal axon membraneDemyelinated axonsCentral nervous system white matterNervous system white matterRestoration of conductionImportant therapeutic approachSchwann cell processesWhite matter axonsInflux of Ca2Important pathophysiological implicationsGlial cell processesAction potential conductionAxonal excitabilityGlial cellsAnoxic injuryMyelinated fibersTherapeutic approachesAstrocyte processesCell processesPathophysiological implicationsRepetitive firingWhite matterNeurological disordersAction potentials
1992
Ultrastructural concomitants of anoxic injury and early post-anoxic recovery in rat optic nerve
Waxman S, Black J, Stys P, Ransom B. Ultrastructural concomitants of anoxic injury and early post-anoxic recovery in rat optic nerve. Brain Research 1992, 574: 105-119. PMID: 1638387, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(92)90806-k.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptic nerveRat optic nerveMin of anoxiaPost-anoxic recoveryAnoxic injuryAstrocyte processesMyelin sheathLoss of microtubulesCell-mediated damageCNS white matterInflux of calciumLarge-diameter axonsPrevious electrophysiological studiesAction potential conductionWhite matter tractsNodes of RanvierAnoxic insultUltrastructure of axonsGlial cellsVesicular degenerationConduction blockEarly recoveryElectrophysiological studiesNerveSignificant injury
1990
Immuno-Localization of Sodium Channels in Axon Membrane and Astrocytes and Schwann Cells in vivo and in vitro
Black J, Friedman B, Cornell-Bell A, Angelides K, Ritchie J, Waxman S. Immuno-Localization of Sodium Channels in Axon Membrane and Astrocytes and Schwann Cells in vivo and in vitro. NATO ASI Series 1990, 81-97. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-83968-9_6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSodium channelsGlial cellsSchwann cellsSodium channel immunoreactivityProcesses of astrocytesMammalian CNS tissueBrain sodium channelsVoltage-sensitive sodium channelsNodes of RanvierChannel immunoreactivityRat brain sodium channelsCNS tissueIntense immunostainingAstrocytesImmuno-localizationCellsAxon membraneVivoMajor roleImmunoreactivityImmunostaining
1987
Molecular Organization of the Cell Membrane in Normal and Pathological Axons: Relation to Glial Contact
Waxman S. Molecular Organization of the Cell Membrane in Normal and Pathological Axons: Relation to Glial Contact. NATO ASI Series 1987, 709-736. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71381-1_43.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCell membraneMolecular organizationMolecular differentiationCell recognition moleculesVoltage-sensitive sodium channelsVoltage-sensitive potassium channelsIon channel organizationIon channel populationsCell typesAdult mammalsRecognition moleculesCoordinated mannerMyelin-forming cellsPotassium channelsChannel populationsGlial cellsMembraneSodium channelsDifferentiationCellsRecent studiesAxon membraneChannel organizationGlial contactMammals
1986
A quantitative study of developing axons and glia following altered gliogenesis in rat optic nerve
Black J, Waxman S, Ransom B, Feliciano M. A quantitative study of developing axons and glia following altered gliogenesis in rat optic nerve. Brain Research 1986, 380: 122-135. PMID: 2428420, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91436-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRat optic nerveOptic nerve volumeNormal optic nervesOptic nerveNerve volumeTotal glial cellsNerve cross sectionsGlial cellsMyelinated fibersAxonal diameterAge-matched control tissueNeonatal rat optic nerveOptic nerve cross sectionsConcomitant marked reductionProgenitor cellsNumber of oligodendrogliaAge-matched controlsGlial cell developmentDays of ageEnsheathed axonsSystemic injectionNerveAstrocytic lineageControl tissuesGlia
1985
Axo-glial relations in the retina-optic nerve junction of the adult rat: electron-microscopic observations
Hildebrand C, Remahl S, Waxman S. Axo-glial relations in the retina-optic nerve junction of the adult rat: electron-microscopic observations. Brain Cell Biology 1985, 14: 597-617. PMID: 4067610, DOI: 10.1007/bf01200800.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNerve junctionAdult ratsAstrocytic processesDeficient blood-brain barrierEctopic Schwann cellsFibrous astrocytic processesBlood-brain barrierAxo-glial contactsMyelination of axonsNumerous pinocytotic vesiclesTypical oligodendrocytesGlial ensheathmentGlial cellsUnmyelinated segmentsGlia limitansSchwann cellsUnmyelinated axonsWide perivascular spacesPia materPerivascular spacesOligodendroglial cellsDeficient proliferationUnmyelinated partMyelin sheathSame axonPerinodal astrocytic processes at nodes of ranvier in developing normal and glial cell deficient rat spinal cord
Sims T, Waxman S, Black J, Gilmore S. Perinodal astrocytic processes at nodes of ranvier in developing normal and glial cell deficient rat spinal cord. Brain Research 1985, 337: 321-331. PMID: 4027576, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90069-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPerinodal astrocytic processesLumbar spinal cordSpinal cordGlial cellsAstrocytic processesNodes of RanvierThird postnatal dayRat spinal cordSpinal cord axonsIrradiated spinal cordStages of myelinationAstrocyte involvementVentral funiculusNeuronal elementsPostnatal dayOligodendrocyte populationCentral myelinCordAstrocytesProfound reductionMyelin sheathAxonsRatsNodal axolemmaPresumptive roleOrganization of Ion Channels in the Myelinated Nerve Fiber
Waxman S, Ritchie J. Organization of Ion Channels in the Myelinated Nerve Fiber. Science 1985, 228: 1502-1507. PMID: 2409596, DOI: 10.1126/science.2409596.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRat optic nerve: Disruption of gliogenesis with 5-azacytidine during early postnatal development
Ransom B, Yamate C, Black J, Waxman S. Rat optic nerve: Disruption of gliogenesis with 5-azacytidine during early postnatal development. Brain Research 1985, 337: 41-49. PMID: 2408709, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(85)91607-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptic nerveGlial cellsOptic nerve axonsRat optic nerveCompound action potentialEarly postnatal developmentDays of ageOlder nervesNeonatal treatmentBrain extracellular spaceNeuroglial interactionsElectrophysiological studiesNervePostnatal developmentAction potentialsNerve axonsExcitability propertiesMarked reductionMyelin formationGliogenesisMitotic inhibitorsIonic homeostasisExtracellular spaceAgeAnimalsGlial proliferation in the irradiated rat spinal cord
Sims T, Waxman S, Gilmore S. Glial proliferation in the irradiated rat spinal cord. Acta Neuropathologica 1985, 68: 169-172. PMID: 4072625, DOI: 10.1007/bf00688641.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cordRat spinal cordPost-irradiation intervalsGlial proliferationIncorporation of3H-thymidineGlial cellsAdjacent thin sectionsWhite matterThick plastic sectionsCell bodiesMyelin sheathVentral halfCordOf3H-thymidineAstrogliaIrregular outlinePresent studyMitotic cellsCellsPlastic sectionsBundles of filamentsRatsMyelinationOligodendrocytesMembrane ultrastructure of developing axons in glial cell deficient rat spinal cord
Black J, Sims T, Waxman S, Gilmore S. Membrane ultrastructure of developing axons in glial cell deficient rat spinal cord. Brain Cell Biology 1985, 14: 79-104. PMID: 4009213, DOI: 10.1007/bf01150264.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1982
Rat optic nerve: Electrophysiological, pharmacological and anatomical studies during development
Foster R, Connors B, Waxman S. Rat optic nerve: Electrophysiological, pharmacological and anatomical studies during development. Brain Research 1982, 3: 371-386. PMID: 7066695, DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(82)90005-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCompound action potentialAction potentialsConduction velocityOptic nerveOptic nerve axonsShort latency peaksRat optic nerveAxonal membrane propertiesShort-latency componentsSixth postnatal dayOnset of myelinationWeeks of ageRelative refractory periodDays of ageGlial cellsPostnatal dayRefractory periodNerve axonsAxonal diameterLatency componentsCalcium conductanceAxonal sizeMyelinationNerve growthLatency peaks