Special Considerations – Indwelling Spinal Cord Stimulators and Intrathecal Pumps
Beals C, Chow R, Vadivelu N, Rajput K. Special Considerations – Indwelling Spinal Cord Stimulators and Intrathecal Pumps. 2021, 335-343. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55262-6_25.ChaptersSpinal cord stimulatorContinuous opioid useChronic pain patientsPaucity of literatureIT clonidineCentral sensitizationMultimodal analgesiaSystemic medicationsOpioid toleranceOpioid usePerioperative managementPain patientsPain physiciansPump dysfunctionIntrathecal pumpNeuraxial anesthesiaAmbulatory surgeryLong actingRegional anesthesiaPatientsSurgeryUnique subsetNormal functionAnesthesiaStimulator