Increased sensitivity to bradykinin among African Americans
Gainer J, Nadeau J, Ryder D, Brown N. Increased sensitivity to bradykinin among African Americans. Journal Of Allergy And Clinical Immunology 1996, 98: 283-287. PMID: 8757204, DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70151-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsKallikrein-kinin systemWheal responseAfrican AmericansLife-threatening side effectsTissue kallikrein-kinin systemACE inhibitor-associated angioedemaACE inhibitor doseMechanisms of angioedemaDouble-blind fashionDoses of bradykininAfrican American raceNormotensive African AmericansUrinary kallikrein levelsACE inhibitor-induced increaseInhibitor-induced increaseBradykinin doseConcurrent medicationsEssential hypertensionKallikrein levelsBradykinin levelsExogenous bradykininIntradermal injectionAmerican raceSide effectsInhibitor doseBlack Americans have an increased rate of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor‐associated angioedema
Brown N, Ray W, Snowden M, Griffin M. Black Americans have an increased rate of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor‐associated angioedema. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1996, 60: 8-13. PMID: 8689816, DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(96)90161-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsACE inhibitor useEnzyme (ACE) inhibitor-associated angioedemaInhibitor useACE inhibitorsRelative riskWhite subjectsACE inhibitor-associated angioedemaACE inhibitor doseRate of angiotensinRetrospective cohort studyRisk of angioedemaTennessee Medicaid programAssociation of racePotential confounding factorsEffect of doseSpecific ACE inhibitorDiuretic useCohort studyConcurrent medicationsPatient characteristicsPrevious hospitalizationAngioedemaInhibitor doseConfounding factorsYears of use