2017
Response to Comment on Inzucchi et al. Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1684–1692
Inzucchi SE, Viscoli CM, Young LH, Furie KL, Gorman M, Lovejoy AM, Dagogo-Jack S, Ismail-Beigi F, Korytkowski MT, Pratley RE, Schwartz GG, Kernan WN. Response to Comment on Inzucchi et al. Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1684–1692. Diabetes Care 2017, 40: e47-e48. PMID: 28325804, PMCID: PMC5360290, DOI: 10.2337/dci16-0048.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical Notes
2010
Risk stratification in diabetes: Not all patients or perfusion defects are the same
Young LH. Risk stratification in diabetes: Not all patients or perfusion defects are the same. Journal Of Nuclear Cardiology 2010, 17: 990-992. PMID: 21042899, DOI: 10.1007/s12350-010-9306-3.Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
2009
Diet-induced obesity obstructs insulin signaling in the heart
Young LH. Diet-induced obesity obstructs insulin signaling in the heart. AJP Heart And Circulatory Physiology 2009, 298: h306-h307. PMID: 19940075, DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01088.2009.Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
2007
Insulin Sensitivity, Vascular Function, and Iron Stores in Voluntary Blood Donors
Zheng H, Patel M, Cable R, Young L, Katz SD. Insulin Sensitivity, Vascular Function, and Iron Stores in Voluntary Blood Donors. Diabetes Care 2007, 30: 2685-2689. PMID: 17630263, DOI: 10.2337/dc07-0748.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhole-body insulin sensitivity indexFlow-mediated dilationOral glucose loadingVascular functionBlood donorsIron storesBlood donationBrachial arterySerum ferritinGlucose loadingInsulin sensitivityGlucose metabolismOral glucose tolerance testingProspective cross-sectional studyImproved vascular functionGlucose tolerance testingInsulin sensitivity indexVoluntary blood donorsCross-sectional studyHigh-frequency donorsCardiovascular riskAcute hyperglycemiaGlucose toleranceSerum markersTolerance testingInfusion of a biotinylated bis-glucose photolabel: a new method to quantify cell surface GLUT4 in the intact mouse heart
Miller EJ, Li J, Sinusas KM, Holman GD, Young LH. Infusion of a biotinylated bis-glucose photolabel: a new method to quantify cell surface GLUT4 in the intact mouse heart. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2007, 292: e1922-e1928. PMID: 17341550, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00170.2006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBio-LCCell surface GLUT4Glucose transporterSurface GLUT4Cell surface glucose transportersGlucose transporter contentCell surface GLUT1Glucose transporter GLUT4Intracellular storage vesiclesMouse heartsTransporter contentSpecific glucose transportersCell surface membraneGlucose uptakeCell surface contentMolecular regulationIntact mouse heartsGLUT4Cell surfaceStorage vesiclesGlucose transportMetabolic stressTransgenic mouse heartsSurface membraneTransporters
2003
Thiazolidinedione Use, Fluid Retention, and Congestive Heart Failure
Nesto RW, Bell D, Bonow RO, Fonseca V, Grundy SM, Horton ES, Le Winter M, Porte D, Semenkovich CF, Smith S, Young LH, Kahn R. Thiazolidinedione Use, Fluid Retention, and Congestive Heart Failure. Circulation 2003, 108: 2941-2948. PMID: 14662691, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000103683.99399.7e.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
2001
Cardiac responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients
Russell R, Chyun D, Song S, Sherwin R, Tamborlane W, Lee F, Pfeifer M, Rife F, Wackers F, Young L. Cardiac responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in nondiabetic and intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients. AJP Endocrinology And Metabolism 2001, 281: e1029-e1036. PMID: 11595660, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.5.e1029.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultCardiac OutputCatecholaminesChemical PrecipitationDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1DiastoleEpinephrineFatty Acids, NonesterifiedFemaleGlucagonGlucose Clamp TechniqueHeartHeart RateHumansHydrocortisoneHypoglycemiaInsulinLactic AcidMaleNorepinephrinePolyethylene GlycolsStroke VolumeSystoleVentricular Function, LeftConceptsType 1 diabetic patientsInsulin-induced hypoglycemiaNondiabetic groupType 1 diabetesDiabetic subjectsEuglycemic hyperinsulinemiaDiabetic patientsNondiabetic subjectsCardiac responseLeft ventricular systolicHealthy nondiabetic subjectsEquilibrium radionuclide angiographyDiabetic groupDiastolic functionVentricular systolicCardiovascular consequencesVentricular functionBlunted increaseCardiac outputGlucagon concentrationsPlasma catecholaminesRadionuclide angiographyInsulin infusionEuglycemic conditionsHypoglycemiaEffect of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-d-Ribofuranoside Infusion on In Vivo Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
Bergeron R, Previs S, Cline G, Perret P, Russell III R, Young L, Shulman G. Effect of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-d-Ribofuranoside Infusion on In Vivo Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats. Diabetes 2001, 50: 1076-1082. PMID: 11334411, DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.5.1076.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenylate KinaseAminoimidazole CarboxamideAnimalsBlood GlucoseBody WeightFatty Acids, NonesterifiedGlucoseGlycerolInfusions, IntravenousInjections, IntravenousInsulinInsulin ResistanceLactatesMaleModels, AnimalMuscle, SkeletalObesityRatsRats, ZuckerReference ValuesRibonucleotidesTriglyceridesConceptsWhole-body glucose disposalInsulin-resistant rat modelObese ratsEndogenous glucose productionObese Zucker ratsRed gastrocnemius muscleInsulin infusion rateLean ratsGlucose disposalInsulin infusionRat modelInfusion rateGastrocnemius muscleZucker ratsLipid metabolismGlucose productionEndogenous glucose production rateGlucose transport activitySkeletal muscle glucose transport activityType 2 diabetesWhole-body carbohydrateInsulin-stimulated glucose uptakeInsulin-independent pathwaySkeletal muscle AMPKGlucose production rate
1999
Effect of AMPK activation on muscle glucose metabolism in conscious rats
Bergeron R, Russell R, Young L, Ren J, Marcucci M, Lee A, Shulman G. Effect of AMPK activation on muscle glucose metabolism in conscious rats. American Journal Of Physiology 1999, 276: e938-e944. PMID: 10329989, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.5.e938.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAminoimidazole CarboxamideAMP-Activated Protein KinasesAndrostadienesAnimalsBiological TransportDeoxyglucoseElectric StimulationEnzyme ActivationEnzyme InhibitorsIn Vitro TechniquesInsulinMaleMultienzyme ComplexesMuscle ContractionMuscle, SkeletalPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRibonucleotidesTritiumWortmanninConceptsMuscle glucose metabolismGlucose transport activityActivation of AMPKGlucose uptakeGlucose metabolismTransport activitySkeletal muscle glucose metabolismExercise-induced increaseSkeletal muscle glucose transport activityBasal rateAbsence of wortmanninAdenosine receptor antagonistAdditive effectProtein kinase activationVariable infusionConscious ratsReceptor antagonistSaline infusionAwake ratsMedial gastrocnemiusElectrical stimulationEpitrochlearis musclesCellular pathwaysAMPK activationKinase activationInsulin-like growth factor I stimulates cardiac myosin heavy chain and actin synthesis in the awake rat
Young L, Renfu Y, Hu X, Chong S, Hasan S, Jacob R, Sherwin R. Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates cardiac myosin heavy chain and actin synthesis in the awake rat. American Journal Of Physiology 1999, 276: e143-e150. PMID: 9886960, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.1.e143.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInsulin-like growth factor IGrowth factor IAwake ratsMyosin heavy chainFactor IContractile protein synthesisIGF-I infusionLow-dose IGFMixed cardiac proteinsCardiac myosin heavy chainMyosin synthesisBlood pressureOvernight fastIntravenous infusionRight ventricleHeavy chainHeart rateHypoglycemic effectFed ratsIGFRatsDirect actionProtein synthesisSalineCardiac proteins
1998
Additive Effects of Hyperinsulinemia and Ischemia on Myocardial GLUT1 and GLUT4 Translocation In Vivo
Russell R, Yin R, Caplan M, Hu X, Ren J, Shulman G, Sinusas A, Young L. Additive Effects of Hyperinsulinemia and Ischemia on Myocardial GLUT1 and GLUT4 Translocation In Vivo. Circulation 1998, 98: 2180-2186. PMID: 9815873, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.98.20.2180.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1996
IGF-I stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in the awake rat: permissive role of insulin and amino acids
Jacob R, Hu X, Niederstock D, Hasan S, McNulty PH, Sherwin RS, Young LH. IGF-I stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in the awake rat: permissive role of insulin and amino acids. American Journal Of Physiology 1996, 270: e60-e66. PMID: 8772474, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.1.e60.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMuscle protein synthesisInsulin replacementPlasma insulinAwake ratsInsulin-like growth factor ICapacity of IGFIGF-I infusionInfusion of IGFAction of IGFSaline control valuesGrowth factor IIGF-I stimulationProtein synthesisIntravenous infusionPlasma concentrationsInsulin concentrationsAmino acid concentrationsIGFPermissive roleInfusionFactor IControl valuesInsulinRatsAmino acids
1995
Hyperinsulinemia inhibits myocardial protein degradation in patients with cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance.
McNulty P, Louard R, Deckelbaum L, Zaret B, Young L. Hyperinsulinemia inhibits myocardial protein degradation in patients with cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance. Circulation 1995, 92: 2151-6. PMID: 7554195, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.92.8.2151.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyocardial protein degradationInsulin infusionCardiovascular diseaseMyocardial protein synthesisInsulin resistancePhenylalanine balanceMyocardial hypertrophyWhole-body glucose metabolismCoronary artery diseaseIschemic heart diseasePlasma insulin concentrationNet phenylalanine balanceWhole-body carbohydrate metabolismEffect of insulinMyocardial protein metabolismArtery diseaseAcute hyperinsulinemiaProtein synthesisHeart diseaseInsulin concentrationsPlasma concentrationsAntiproteolytic actionHyperinsulinemiaGlucose metabolismConstant infusion
1994
Effect of insulin on rat heart and skeletal muscle phenylalanyl-tRNA labeling and protein synthesis in vivo
Young LH, Stirewalt W, McNulty PH, Revkin JH, Barrett EJ. Effect of insulin on rat heart and skeletal muscle phenylalanyl-tRNA labeling and protein synthesis in vivo. American Journal Of Physiology 1994, 267: e337-e342. PMID: 8074214, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.2.e337.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMuscle protein synthesisAcid-soluble poolFemoral venous plasmaSkeletal muscleSkeletal muscle protein synthesisEffect of insulinMuscle protein hydrolysateProtein synthesisContinuous infusionVenous plasmaHyperinsulinemic clampSaline infusionAnesthetized ratsArterial plasmaRat heartInsulin effectInsulinHormonal regulationHeartInfusionMuscleSpecific activityMinVivo measurementsLabeling
1993
Response of rat heart and skeletal muscle protein in vivo to insulin and amino acid infusion
McNulty PH, Young LH, Barrett EJ. Response of rat heart and skeletal muscle protein in vivo to insulin and amino acid infusion. American Journal Of Physiology 1993, 264: e958-e965. PMID: 8333520, DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.6.e958.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAmino acid infusionMuscle protein synthesisContinuous infusionAcid infusionNet muscle protein synthesisSaline-treated ratsSkeletal muscle protein synthesisInfusion of insulinPlasma specific activitySkeletal muscle proteinsProtein synthesisAmino acid solutionMature ratsInfusionRat heartInsulinBolusTracer infusionHeart muscleSkeletal muscleTracer infusion methodRatsPhysiological concentrationsAmino acids
1992
Physiological hyperinsulinemia inhibits myocardial protein degradation in vivo in the canine heart.
Young LH, Dahl DM, Rauner D, Barrett EJ. Physiological hyperinsulinemia inhibits myocardial protein degradation in vivo in the canine heart. Circulation Research 1992, 71: 393-400. PMID: 1628395, DOI: 10.1161/01.res.71.2.393.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyocardial protein degradationProtein degradationProtein synthesisMyocardial protein turnoverAmino acid replacementsAcid replacementsProtein turnoverEssential amino acidsAmino acidsPhenylalanine balanceAmino acid concentrationsNet myocardial releaseSpecific activityPhenylalanineVivoDegradationAnimalsBasal rateIsotopic steady statePhysiological hyperinsulinemiaTurnover
1989
Physiologic hyperinsulinemia stimulates lactate extraction by heart muscle in the conscious dog
Young L, Zaret B, Barrett E. Physiologic hyperinsulinemia stimulates lactate extraction by heart muscle in the conscious dog. Metabolism 1989, 38: 1115-1119. PMID: 2682138, DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(89)90049-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhysiologic hyperinsulinemiaConscious dogsFree fatty acidsArterial free fatty acid concentrationMumol/minHeart muscleArterial plasma insulinMyocardial lactate uptakeFree fatty acid concentrationsArterial lactate concentrationHyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clampMyocardial glucose uptakeHyperinsulinemia increasesEuglycemic hyperinsulinemiaNormal heart muscleEuglycemic clampFatty acidsPlasma insulinBasal measurementsBlood glucoseLactate extractionFatty acid concentrationsMyocardial uptakeLactate uptakeHyperinsulinemia
1988
Effect of Chronic Diabetes on Myocardial Fuel Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity
Barrett E, Schwartz R, Young L, Jacob R, Zaret B. Effect of Chronic Diabetes on Myocardial Fuel Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity. Diabetes 1988, 37: 943-948. PMID: 3290011, DOI: 10.2337/diab.37.7.943.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsArterial free fatty acidsFree fatty acidsMyocardial balanceInsulin clampBranched-chain amino acid concentrationsEuglycemic insulin clamp techniqueGlucose uptakeInsulin-induced hypoaminoacidemiaInsulin clamp techniqueInsulin-deficient diabetesPlasma glucose concentrationFuel substrate metabolismSignificant myocardial uptakeEffect of insulinMyocardial fuel metabolismSignificant glucose uptakePhysiologic hyperinsulinemiaBasal periodChronic diabetesDiabetic animalsInsulin sensitivityAcute effectsAdditional dogsAmino acid concentrationsMyocardial uptake