1998
Biomechanics of whiplash injury
Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Grauer JN, Babat LB, Dvorak J, Bär HF. Biomechanics of whiplash injury. Die Orthopädie 1998, 27: 813-819. PMID: 9894235, DOI: 10.1007/pl00003468.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCervical spineHuman cadaveric specimensVertebral arteryWhiplash injuryWhiplash traumaInjury mechanismCadaveric specimensHyper-extension injuryC6-C7 levelEffective injury preventionLower cervical spineUnderlying injury mechanismClinical symptomsTrauma CTVertebral alignmentInjury preventionMRI scansInjuryWhiplashCapsular ligamentsFunctional radiographsSpineTraumaVulnerable phaseArteryHead kinematics during in vitro whiplash simulation
Cholewicki J, Panjabi M, Nibu K, Babat L, Grauer J, Dvorak J. Head kinematics during in vitro whiplash simulation. Accident Analysis & Prevention 1998, 30: 469-479. PMID: 9666243, DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4575(97)00103-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhiplash traumaPotential neck injurySled accelerationMaximum head rotationHead kinematicsPossible injury mechanismsCervical spineInjury mechanismNeck injuriesHead angular displacementHuman cervical spineHead extensionHead kinematic responsesTraumaTrauma classesWhiplash simulationHead rotationWhiplashLate phaseSurrogate headMechanism of whiplash injury
Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Grauer JN, Babat LB, Dvorak J. Mechanism of whiplash injury. Clinical Biomechanics 1998, 13: 239-249. PMID: 11415793, DOI: 10.1016/s0268-0033(98)00033-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCervical spineWhiplash traumaInjury mechanismVertebral arteryWhiplash injuryFunctional radiographyCapsular ligamentsC6-C7 levelCadaveric cervical spine specimensHuman cadaveric cervical spine specimensSpine specimensLower cervical spineWhiplash injury mechanismHuman cadaveric spine specimensCervical spine specimensAnterior injuryAnatomic alignmentCadaveric spine specimensCT scanInjuryTraumaLow levelsWhiplashBiomechanical studySpine
1997
Whiplash Produces an S-Shaped Curvature of the Neck With Hyperextension at Lower Levels
Grauer J, Panjabi M, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Dvorak J. Whiplash Produces an S-Shaped Curvature of the Neck With Hyperextension at Lower Levels. Spine 1997, 22: 2489-2494. PMID: 9383854, DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199711010-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhiplash traumaCervical levelOptotrak motion analysis systemCervical spine levelsLower cervical levelsCadaveric cervical spine specimensUpper cervical levelEntire cervical spineHuman cadaveric cervical spine specimensTrauma classesFull neck extensionCervical spine specimensIntervertebral rotationInjury stageMotion analysis systemC7-T1Cervical spineSuch injuriesBACKGROUND DATASpine levelNeck extensionC6-C7TraumaLow levelsInjury