Lifelong cortical myelin plasticity and age-related degeneration in the live mammalian brain
Hill RA, Li AM, Grutzendler J. Lifelong cortical myelin plasticity and age-related degeneration in the live mammalian brain. Nature Neuroscience 2018, 21: 683-695. PMID: 29556031, PMCID: PMC5920745, DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0120-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyelin degenerationYears of ageAge-related degenerationMyelin plasticityMyelin remodelingNeural processing speedBrain pathogenesisOligodendrocyte deathUnmyelinated axonsAxonal myelinMyelin coverageStructural remodelingMouse cortexMammalian brainPeak myelinationOligodendrocyte generationIndividual axonsMyelinating oligodendrocytesMyelin distributionDegenerationMyelin internodesNetwork homeostasisAxonsStructural plasticityRemodelingATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo
Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Yang G, Kim JV, Zuo Y, Jung S, Littman DR, Dustin ML, Gan WB. ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nature Neuroscience 2005, 8: 752-758. PMID: 15895084, DOI: 10.1038/nn1472.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenosine TriphosphateAnimalsApyraseAstrocytesBrainBrain InjuriesCell CommunicationChemotaxisConnexinsGliosisGreen Fluorescent ProteinsMiceMice, TransgenicMicrogliaPhagocytosisPurinergic P2 Receptor AntagonistsReaction TimeReceptors, Purinergic P2Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1Signal TransductionConceptsRapid microglial responseMicroglial processesMicroglial responseBrain injuryG protein-coupled purinergic receptorsLocal brain injuryTraumatic brain injurySite of injuryPrincipal immune cellsPresence of apyraseParenchymal microgliaImmune cellsLocal injectionPurinergic receptorsBaseline motilityIntact brainTwo-photon imagingChannel inhibitorsMouse cortexInjuryExtracellular ATPMicrogliaEnzyme apyraseAstrocytesChemotactic response