2012
Integrated, home-based treatment for MDR-TB and HIV in rural South Africa: an alternate model of care [Perspectives]
Brust J, Shah N, Scott M, Chaiyachati K, Lygizos M, van der Merwe T, Bamber S, Radebe Z, Loveday M, Moll A, Margot B, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Gandhi N. Integrated, home-based treatment for MDR-TB and HIV in rural South Africa: an alternate model of care [Perspectives]. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2012, 16: 998-1004. PMID: 22668560, PMCID: PMC3390442, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0713.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAmbulatory CareAnti-HIV AgentsAntitubercular AgentsAttitude of Health PersonnelCaregiversCD4 Lymphocyte CountCoinfectionDelivery of Health Care, IntegratedFeasibility StudiesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHIV InfectionsHome Care ServicesHumansMaleMedication AdherenceOrganizational ObjectivesPatient Care TeamProgram DevelopmentProgram EvaluationRural Health ServicesSocial SupportSouth AfricaTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantViral LoadConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisHome-based treatmentHIV treatmentAdverse reactionsTreatment outcomesTreatment programHigh HIV prevalent settingsMDR-TB treatmentEscalation of careSevere adverse eventsHIV treatment programsHIV-prevalent settingsCommunity health workersCo-infection ratePatient treatment programTreatment modelPromising treatment modelNew treatment modelRural KwaZulu-NatalHIV-coMonthly culturesAdherence supportAdverse eventsClinical responseHIV outcomes
2011
Integration of Antiretroviral Therapy with Tuberculosis Treatment
Abdool Karim S, Naidoo K, Grobler A, Padayatchi N, Baxter C, Gray AL, Gengiah T, Gengiah S, Naidoo A, Jithoo N, Nair G, El-Sadr WM, Friedland G, Abdool Karim Q. Integration of Antiretroviral Therapy with Tuberculosis Treatment. New England Journal Of Medicine 2011, 365: 1492-1501. PMID: 22010915, PMCID: PMC3233684, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1014181.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeT-cell countsEarly ART groupLater-ART groupInitiation of ARTAntiretroviral therapyTuberculosis treatmentIncidence rateCubic millimeterAdverse eventsRisk of IRISHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionReconstitution inflammatory syndromeMedian viral loadImmunodeficiency virus infectionAIDS-free survivalRisk of AIDSHigher CD4Median CD4Inflammatory syndromeAmbulatory patientsImmunodeficiency syndromeViral loadContinuation phaseAntiretroviral drugsComputer-Based Intervention in HIV Clinical Care Setting Improves Antiretroviral Adherence: The LifeWindows Project
Fisher JD, Amico KR, Fisher WA, Cornman DH, Shuper PA, Trayling C, Redding C, Barta W, Lemieux AF, Altice FL, Dieckhaus K, Friedland G, for the LifeWindows Team. Computer-Based Intervention in HIV Clinical Care Setting Improves Antiretroviral Adherence: The LifeWindows Project. AIDS And Behavior 2011, 15: 1635. PMID: 21452051, DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-9926-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV clinical care settingsAdherence support interventionsClinical care sitesClinical care settingsHIV careCare visitsAntiretroviral adherenceControl armCare settingsCare sitesProtocol interventionTreat sampleProtocol sampleSupport interventionsComputer-based interventionsIntervention impactControl participantsInterventionAdherenceHIVPatientsCareHigh levelsClinicARV
2010
Timing of Initiation of Antiretroviral Drugs during Tuberculosis Therapy
Abdool Karim S, Naidoo K, Grobler A, Padayatchi N, Baxter C, Gray A, Gengiah T, Nair G, Bamber S, Singh A, Khan M, Pienaar J, El-Sadr W, Friedland G, Abdool Karim Q. Timing of Initiation of Antiretroviral Drugs during Tuberculosis Therapy. New England Journal Of Medicine 2010, 362: 697-706. PMID: 20181971, PMCID: PMC3076221, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0905848.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntitubercular AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountDrug Administration ScheduleDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHIVHIV InfectionsHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedPatient ComplianceRNA, ViralTuberculosisViral LoadYoung AdultConceptsSequential therapy groupHuman immunodeficiency virusAntiretroviral therapyRate of deathTuberculosis therapyHIV infectionDaily antiretroviral regimenIntegrated antiretroviral therapyIntegration of tuberculosisStandard tuberculosis therapyPositive sputum smearPrimary end pointSafety Monitoring CommitteeDiagnosis of tuberculosisAcid-fast bacilliTiming of initiationAntiretroviral regimenAdverse eventsHIV servicesImmunodeficiency virusAntiretroviral drugsSputum smearStudy groupPatientsCell countAntiretroviral medication adherence and class-specific resistance in a large prospective clinical trial
Gardner EM, Hullsiek KH, Telzak EE, Sharma S, Peng G, Burman WJ, MacArthur RD, Chesney M, Friedland G, Mannheimer SB. Antiretroviral medication adherence and class-specific resistance in a large prospective clinical trial. AIDS 2010, 24: 395-403. PMID: 20099399, PMCID: PMC2886717, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328335cd8a.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInitial virological failureCumulative adherenceVirological failureMedian timeNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistanceProspective clinical trial dataInhibitor strategiesLarge prospective clinical trialsReverse transcriptase inhibitor resistanceInhibitor resistanceAntiretroviral-naive participantsProspective clinical trialsCox regression analysisTranscriptase inhibitor resistanceAntiretroviral medication adherenceProtease inhibitor resistanceClinical trial dataProtease inhibitorsMedication resistanceAntiretroviral therapyHIV RNANNRTI resistanceMedication adherenceClinical trialsGenotypic resistance
2009
Successful Integration of Tuberculosis and HIV Treatment in Rural South Africa: The Sizonq'oba Study
Gandhi NR, Moll AP, Lalloo U, Pawinski R, Zeller K, Moodley P, Meyer E, Friedland G. Successful Integration of Tuberculosis and HIV Treatment in Rural South Africa: The Sizonq'oba Study. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2009, 50: 37-43. PMID: 19295333, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31818ce6c4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB/HIV-coinfected patientsHIV treatmentCubic millimeterCD4 count increaseDaily antiretroviral therapyImmune reconstitution eventsIntegration of tuberculosisMedian CD4 countUndetectable viral loadSevere adverse eventsDrug-resistant tuberculosisRural resource-poor settingsCause of deathHome-based therapyResource-poor settingsRural KwaZulu-NatalARV dosesTreatment defaultAntiretroviral therapyCD4 countHIV careOperational research studyTB patientsAdverse eventsObserved therapy
2008
Episodic Antiretroviral Therapy Increases HIV Transmission Risk Compared With Continuous Therapy: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Burman W, Grund B, Neuhaus J, Douglas J, Friedland G, Telzak E, Colebunders R, Paton N, Fisher M, Rietmeijer C. Episodic Antiretroviral Therapy Increases HIV Transmission Risk Compared With Continuous Therapy: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2008, 49: 142-150. PMID: 18769356, PMCID: PMC2749067, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e318183a9ad.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV transmission riskHigh-risk behaviorsEpisodic antiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral therapyTransmission riskContinuous antiretroviral therapyHIV RNA levelsAntiretroviral Therapy studyProportion of participantsTherapy armContinuous therapyControlled TrialsRandomized armHIV transmissionMean ageNeedle sharingPatientsTherapyTherapy studiesStrategy of managementRNA levelsSexual activityRiskBaselineLaboratory testingDifferential adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy is associated with virological failure with resistance
Gardner EM, Sharma S, Peng G, Hullsiek KH, Burman WJ, MacArthur RD, Chesney M, Telzak EE, Friedland G, Mannheimer SB. Differential adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy is associated with virological failure with resistance. AIDS 2008, 22: 75-82. PMID: 18090394, PMCID: PMC2405889, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3282f366ff.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorInitial virological failureCombination antiretroviral therapyVirological failureAntiretroviral resistanceAntiretroviral therapyTreatment-naive HIV-1-infected individualsDifferential adherenceProspective clinical trial dataHIV-1-infected individualsMultivariate Cox regression analysisProtease inhibitorsTime-updated variablesCox regression analysisDisease-specific factorsReverse transcriptase inhibitorClinical trial dataMedication resistanceAntiretroviral medicationsRandomized trialsMonths 1Transcriptase inhibitorSame timepointsTrial dataSecondary analysis
2007
Antiretroviral Treatment Regimen Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Prisoners
Springer SA, Friedland GH, Doros G, Pesanti E, Altice FL. Antiretroviral Treatment Regimen Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Prisoners. HIV Research & Clinical Practice 2007, 8: 205-212. PMID: 17720660, PMCID: PMC2409059, DOI: 10.1310/hct0804-205.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntiretroviral therapyImmunological outcomesHIV-1 RNA levelsCells/mulActive antiretroviral therapyEffective antiretroviral therapyRetrospective cohort studyDuration of therapyKaplan-Meier curvesHIV-1 RNAProportion of subjectsHAART strategyTriple NRTICohort studyCopies/Incarceration periodsTreatment strategiesHigh prevalenceMean changeStudy groupNRTIsHIVTherapyRNA levelsLaboratory data
2006
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa
Gandhi NR, Moll A, Sturm AW, Pawinski R, Govender T, Lalloo U, Zeller K, Andrews J, Friedland G. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa. The Lancet 2006, 368: 1575-1580. PMID: 17084757, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69573-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisCo-infected patientsXDR tuberculosisMDR tuberculosisHIV co-infected patientsCulture-confirmed tuberculosisRecent hospital admissionTime of diagnosisSecond-line drugsDrug susceptibility testingCause of deathDate of deathHigh mortality rateAntiretroviral therapyMedian survivalHospital admissionSputum cultureHIV-1PatientsMortality rateHigh mortalityUrgent interventionTreatment programTuberculosisSusceptibility testingAdministration of efavirenz (600 mg/day) with rifampicin results in highly variable levels but excellent clinical outcomes in patients treated for tuberculosis and HIV
Friedland G, Khoo S, Jack C, Lalloo U. Administration of efavirenz (600 mg/day) with rifampicin results in highly variable levels but excellent clinical outcomes in patients treated for tuberculosis and HIV. Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2006, 58: 1299-1302. PMID: 17032686, DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl399.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAlkynesAntibiotics, AntitubercularAnti-HIV AgentsBenzoxazinesCD4 Lymphocyte CountChromatography, High Pressure LiquidCyclopropanesDidanosineDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLamivudineLongitudinal StudiesMaleOxazinesRifampinTreatment OutcomeTuberculosis, PulmonaryViral LoadConceptsExcellent clinical outcomesEfavirenz concentrationsClinical outcomesAntiretroviral therapyEfavirenz levelsAfrican patientsNon-detectable viral loadSmear-positive pulmonary TBLong-term clinical outcomesAdministration of efavirenzCD4 cell increaseHIV clinical outcomesPlasma efavirenz concentrationsCells/mm3Half of patientsTB regimenPulmonary TBPharmacokinetic interactionsTB outcomesTherapy completionRifampicin administrationViral loadTherapeutic rangePatientsHIV
2005
Generic antiretroviral efficacy in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in sub-Saharan Africa
Mosam A, Cassol E, Page T, Bodasing U, Cassol S, Dawood H, Friedland GH, Scadden DT, Aboobaker J, Jordaan JP, Lalloo UG, Esterhuizen TM, Coovadia HM. Generic antiretroviral efficacy in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS 2005, 19: 441-443. PMID: 15750399, DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000161775.36652.85.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntiretroviral therapyKaposi's sarcomaCopies/Generic antiretroviral therapyUndetectable viral loadActive antiretroviral therapyGeneric antiretroviral drugsAntiretroviral efficacyViral loadAntiretroviral drugsLog10 declineClinical experienceSarcomaTherapySaharan AfricaSub-Saharan AfricaHIVPatientsAIDSBaseline
2004
Therapeutic Response of HIV-1 Subtype C in African Patients Coinfected with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Human Herpesvirus-8
Cassol E, Page T, Mosam A, Friedland G, Jack C, Lalloo U, Kopetka J, Patterson B, Esterhuizen T, Coovadia HM. Therapeutic Response of HIV-1 Subtype C in African Patients Coinfected with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Human Herpesvirus-8. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2004, 191: 324-332. PMID: 15633090, DOI: 10.1086/427337.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-HIV AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHerpesvirus 8, HumanHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansMaleMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsRNA, ViralSarcoma, KaposiTreatment OutcomeTuberculosis, PulmonaryViral LoadConceptsKaposi's sarcomaHIV-1Opportunistic infectionsViral loadAfrican patientsUndetectable HIV-1 RNA levelsCell countHIV-1 RNA levelsPlasma HIV-1 levelsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV-1 subtype CKaplan-Meier survival analysisMycobacterium tuberculosisHIV-1 levelsImmunodeficiency virus infectionProportion of patientsTarget cell availabilityHuman herpesvirus 8Immune activationTreatment regimensSubtype CTherapeutic responseTreatment outcomesVirus infectionHerpesvirus 8Developing a Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy Intervention for HIV-Infected Drug Users: Implications for Program Replication
Altice FL, Mezger JA, Hodges J, Bruce RD, Marinovich A, Walton M, Springer SA, Friedland GH. Developing a Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy Intervention for HIV-Infected Drug Users: Implications for Program Replication. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004, 38: s376-s387. PMID: 15156426, DOI: 10.1086/421400.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedian HIV-1 RNA loadDrug usersHIV-1 RNA loadMost subjectsHuman immunodeficiency virusSelf-administered therapySyringe exchange programsMedian CD4Antiretroviral therapyDaily regimensMedical comorbiditiesImmunodeficiency virusEmergency departmentRNA loadMethadone clinicsMedication administrationOwn medicationsCopies/Major depressionMedical appointmentsTherapy interventionCell countDAARTCells/Medical services
2003
Pilot study to enhance HIV care using needle exchange-based health services for out-of-treatment injecting drug users
Altice FL, Springer S, Buitrago M, Hunt DP, Friedland GH. Pilot study to enhance HIV care using needle exchange-based health services for out-of-treatment injecting drug users. Journal Of Urban Health 2003, 80: 416-427. PMID: 12930880, PMCID: PMC3455979, DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jtg053.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusNondetectable viral loadCD4 lymphocyte countDrug treatmentDrug usersLymphocyte countViral loadHIV therapyBaseline HIV-1 RNA levelsNeedle exchangeHealth servicesHIV-1 RNA levelsPilot studyPotent antiretroviral combinationUtilization of HAARTActive antiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral therapy regimensHIV-1 RNACommunity-based health interventionsAdverse side effectsActive drug usersFormal drug treatmentImmunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidenceSmall pilot studyActive heroin injectors
1998
Public Health Implications of Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Drug Resistance
Wainberg M, Friedland G. Public Health Implications of Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Drug Resistance. JAMA 1998, 279: 1977-1983. PMID: 9643862, DOI: 10.1001/jama.279.24.1977.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusDrug-resistant variantsDrug-resistant virusesHIV drug resistanceAntiviral therapyPublic health implicationsDrug resistanceGenital secretionsHealth implicationsPublic health importanceAntiretroviral therapyViral burdenAntiretroviral agentsPatient adherenceTreatment failureViral loadImmunodeficiency virusResistant virusesSustained reductionHealth importanceTherapyVirusChild routeBloodSecretion