2013
‘Cough officer’ nurses in a general medical clinic successfully detect drug-susceptible and -resistant tuberculosis
Shenoi SV, Brooks RP, Catterick K, Moll AP, Friedland GH. ‘Cough officer’ nurses in a general medical clinic successfully detect drug-susceptible and -resistant tuberculosis. Public Health Action 2013, 3: 46-50. PMID: 25392815, PMCID: PMC4226409, DOI: 10.5588/pha.12.0056.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGeneral medical clinicDrug-resistant tuberculosisMedical clinicsClinic attendeesTB suspectsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patientsHigh HIV prevalence settingsZiehl-NeelsenProportion of patientsHIV prevalence settingsCulture-positive casesResource-limited settingsWorld Health OrganizationTB screeningVirus patientsHigh HIVResistant tuberculosisPatient populationTB prevalencePrevalence settingsReferral laboratoryTuberculosisDrug resistancePatientsClinic
2012
Risk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting
Gandhi N, Andrews J, Brust J, Montreuil R, Weissman D, Heo M, Moll A, Friedland G, Shah N. Risk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2012, 16: 90-97. PMID: 22236852, PMCID: PMC3302205, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0153.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntitubercular AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCoinfectionDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMarkov ChainsMonte Carlo MethodPrevalencePrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSouth AfricaSurvival AnalysisTime FactorsTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusXDR-TB patientsRisk factorsAntiretroviral therapyXDR-TBDrug-resistant (XDR) TBImmunosuppressed human immunodeficiency virusStrong independent risk factorHigh HIV prevalence settingsMDR-TB patientsTB treatment programsIndependent risk factorYear of diagnosisDrug-resistant tuberculosisHIV prevalence settingsCells/Principal risk factorsCase-control studyAmplification of resistanceHigh mortality rateART initiationHIV testingImmunodeficiency virusPrevalence settingsMortality rate
2011
Household contact investigation of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting
Vella V, Racalbuto V, Guerra R, Marra C, Moll A, Mhlanga Z, Maluleke M, Mhlope H, Margot B, Friedland G, Shah N, Gandhi N. Household contact investigation of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2011, 15: 1170-1175. PMID: 21943840, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0781.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAntitubercular AgentsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFamily CharacteristicsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedPrevalenceProspective StudiesSouth AfricaTime FactorsTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantYoung AdultConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisHousehold contactsXDR-TBIndex caseMDR-TBPrevalence settingsHigh human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence settingsMDR-TB index casesHigh HIV prevalence settingsAdult household contactsHousehold contact investigationIndex case diagnosisMost secondary casesHIV prevalence settingsRate of MDRDrug susceptibility testingDiagnosis of MDRPublic health activitiesActive tuberculosisNosocomial transmissionContact investigationMedian timeIncidence rateSecondary casesObservational studyRapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Multidrug Resistance by the Microscopic-Observation Drug-Susceptibility Assay
Shah NS, Moodley P, Babaria P, Moodley S, Ramtahal M, Richardson J, Heysell S, Li X, Moll A, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Gandhi NR. Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Multidrug Resistance by the Microscopic-Observation Drug-Susceptibility Assay. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2011, 183: 1427-1433. PMID: 21297071, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201009-1449oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug susceptibility testingMDR-TB diagnosisMDR-TBHIV statusMultidrug-resistant (MDR) TBProportion methodRapid diagnosisProspective diagnostic accuracy studyAdult TB suspectsMicroscopic-Observation DrugReference standard cultureMedian CD4 countPatient's HIV statusHIV prevalence settingsIndirect proportion methodMycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) cultureMedian turnaround timeResource-limited settingsReference standardDiagnostic accuracy studiesCD4 countMycobacterium tuberculosis detectionConsecutive adultsTB suspectsHIV prevalence
2010
Predictors of Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence Community
Andrews JR, Shah NS, Weissman D, Moll AP, Friedland G, Gandhi NR. Predictors of Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence Community. PLOS ONE 2010, 5: e15735. PMID: 21209951, PMCID: PMC3012092, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015735.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisTB treatment failureXDR-TBHIV prevalence settingsRisk factorsTreatment failureOdds ratioMDR/XDR-TBOnly significant risk factorRetrospective case-control studyDrug resistanceMDR-TB patientsSignificant risk factorsStrong risk factorMultivariate logistic regressionTB drug resistanceCase-control studyHigh HIV prevalence communitiesDemographic risk factorsDrug susceptibility testing methodsHIV prevalence communitiesTB settingsClinical deteriorationMDR-TBTB treatment