1996
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing ractor in Tourette's syndrome: Comparison to obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls
Chappell P, Leckman J, Goodman W, Bissette G, Pauls D, Anderson G, Riddle M, Scahill L, McDougle C, Cohen D. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing ractor in Tourette's syndrome: Comparison to obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls. Biological Psychiatry 1996, 39: 776-783. PMID: 8731518, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00221-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCorticotropin-releasing factorCSF corticotropin-releasing factorTourette syndromeObsessive-compulsive disorderNormal controlsCerebrospinal fluidPathobiology of TSOCD patientsMedication-free outpatientsCompulsive disorderLumbar cerebrospinal fluidNoradrenergic mechanismsHealthy controlsTS patientsObsessive-compulsive behaviorTic severityCardinal featuresClinical ratingsPatientsSyndromeRelated conditionsStandardized fashionNeurobiological mechanismsGroup differencesDisorders
1994
Enhanced stress responsivity of tourette syndrome patients undergoing lumbar puncture
Chappell P, Riddle M, Anderson G, Scahill L, Hardin M, Walker D, Cohen D, Leckman J. Enhanced stress responsivity of tourette syndrome patients undergoing lumbar puncture. Biological Psychiatry 1994, 36: 35-43. PMID: 8080901, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90060-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTS patientsLumbar punctureNormal controlsTourette syndromeClinician ratingsEnhanced stress responsivityLumbar puncture stressUrinary norepinephrine excretionTourette syndrome patientsPeak ACTH levelsNorepinephrine excretionACTH levelsSympathetic systemAdrenal axisMedication responsivenessMore norepinephrinePhonic ticsSyndrome patientsUrinary catecholaminesMore ACTHPatientsTic severityNeuropsychiatric disordersSymptom severityStress responsivity