Featured Publications
Electronic health record alerts for acute kidney injury: multicenter, randomized clinical trial
Wilson FP, Martin M, Yamamoto Y, Partridge C, Moreira E, Arora T, Biswas A, Feldman H, Garg AX, Greenberg JH, Hinchcliff M, Latham S, Li F, Lin H, Mansour SG, Moledina DG, Palevsky PM, Parikh CR, Simonov M, Testani J, Ugwuowo U. Electronic health record alerts for acute kidney injury: multicenter, randomized clinical trial. The BMJ 2021, 372: m4786. PMID: 33461986, PMCID: PMC8034420, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m4786.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryElectronic health record alertsKidney injuryPrimary outcomeMedical recordsYale New Haven Health SystemCare practicesGlobal Outcomes creatinine criteriaLarge tertiary care centerComposite of progressionDays of randomizationReceipt of dialysisPrespecified secondary outcomesTertiary care centerPatients' medical recordsSmall community hospitalNon-teaching hospitalsElectronic health recordsCreatinine criteriaUsual careSecondary outcomesAdult inpatientsKidney diseaseClinical centersWorse outcomes
2023
In-Hospital Observation on Oral Diuretics After Treatment for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Evaluating the Utility
Ivey-Miranda J, Rao V, Cox Z, Moreno-Villagomez J, Mahoney D, Maulion C, Bellumkonda L, Turner J, Collins S, Wilson F, Krumholz H, Testani J. In-Hospital Observation on Oral Diuretics After Treatment for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Evaluating the Utility. Circulation Heart Failure 2023, 16: e010206. PMID: 36896716, PMCID: PMC10186250, DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.122.010206.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute decompensated heart failureDecompensated heart failureDiuretic responseDiuretic dosingOral diureticsHeart failureMulticenter cohortHospital observationLower readmission ratesNet fluid balanceDays postdischargeReadmission ratesHospital readmissionUrine outputReadmission riskFluid statusFluid balanceHospital measuresDose selectionCohortProvider decisionsWeight changeReadmissionDiureticsPatients
2020
Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States
Flythe JE, Assimon MM, Tugman MJ, Chang EH, Gupta S, Shah J, Sosa MA, Renaghan AD, Melamed ML, Wilson FP, Neyra JA, Rashidi A, Boyle SM, Anand S, Christov M, Thomas LF, Edmonston D, Leaf DE, Walther C, Anumudu S, Arunthamakun J, Kopecky K, Milligan G, McCullough P, Nguyen T, Shaefi S, Krajewski M, Shankar S, Pannu A, Valencia J, Waikar S, Kibbelaar Z, Athavale A, Hart P, Upadhyay S, Vohra I, Green A, Rachoin J, Schorr C, Shea L, Edmonston D, Mosher C, Shehata A, Cohen Z, Allusson V, Bambrick-Santoyo G, Bhatti N, Mehta B, Williams A, Brenner S, Walters P, Go R, Rose K, Chan L, Mathews K, Coca S, Altman D, Saha A, Soh H, Wen H, Bose S, Leven E, Wang J, Mosoyan G, Nadkarni G, Pattharanitima P, Gallagher E, Friedman A, Guirguis J, Kapoor R, Meshberger C, Kelly K, Parikh C, Garibaldi B, Corona-Villalobos C, Wen Y, Menez S, Malik R, Cervantes C, Gautam S, Mallappallil M, Ouyang J, John S, Yap E, Melaku Y, Mohamed I, Bajracharya S, Puri I, Thaxton M, Bhattacharya J, Wagner J, Boudourakis L, Nguyen H, Ahoubim A, Kashani K, Tehranian S, Thomas L, Sirganagari D, Guru P, Zhou Y, Bergl P, Rodriguez J, Shah J, Gupta M, Kumar P, Lazarous D, Kassaye S, Melamed M, Johns T, Mocerino R, Prudhvi K, Zhu D, Levy R, Azzi Y, Fisher M, Yunes M, Sedaliu K, Golestaneh L, Brogan M, Kumar N, Chang M, Thakkar J, Raichoudhury R, Athreya A, Farag M, Schenck E, Cho S, Plataki M, Alvarez-Mulett S, Gomez-Escobar L, Pan D, Lee S, Krishnan J, Whalen W, Charytan D, Macina A, Chaudhry S, Wu B, Modersitzki F, Srivastava A, Leidner A, Martinez C, Kruser J, Wunderink R, Hodakowski A, Velez J, Price-Haywood E, Matute-Trochez L, Hasty A, Mohamed M, Avasare R, Zonies D, Leaf D, Gupta S, Sise M, Newman E, Abu Omar S, Pokharel K, Sharma S, Singh H, Correa S, Shaukat T, Kamal O, Wang W, Yang H, Boateng J, Lee M, Strohbehn I, Li J, Mueller A, Redfern R, Cairl N, Naimy G, Abu-Saif A, Hall D, Bickley L, Rowan C, Madhani-Lovely F, Peev V, Reiser J, Byun J, Vissing A, Kapania E, Post Z, Patel N, Hermes J, Sutherland A, Patrawalla A, Finkel D, Danek B, Arikapudi S, Paer J, Cangialosi P, Liotta M, Radbel J, Puri S, Sunderram J, Scharf M, Ahmed A, Berim I, Vatson J, Anand S, Levitt J, Garcia P, Boyle S, Song R, Zhang J, Woo S, Deng X, Katz-Greenberg G, Senter K, Sharshir M, Rusnak V, Ali M, Bansal A, Podoll A, Chonchol M, Sharma S, Burnham E, Rashidi A, Hejal R, Judd E, Latta L, Tolwani A, Albertson T, Adams J, Reagan R, Chang S, Beutler R, Monica S, Schulze C, Macedo E, Rhee H, Liu K, Jotwani V, Koyner J, Kunczt A, Shah C, Jaikaransingh V, Toth-Manikowski S, Joo M, Lash J, Neyra J, Chaaban N, Dy R, Iardino A, Au E, Sharma J, Sosa M, Taldone S, Contreras G, De La Zerda D, Gershengorn H, Hayek S, Blakely P, Berlin H, Azam T, Shadid H, Pan M, Hayer P, Meloche C, Feroze R, Kaakati R, Perry D, Bitar A, Anderson E, Padalia K, Donnelly J, Admon A, Flythe J, Tugman M, Chang E, Brown B, Leonberg-Yoo A, Spiardi R, Miano T, Roche M, Vasquez C, Bansal A, Ernecoff N, Kapoor S, Verma S, Chen H, Kovesdy C, Molnar M, Azhar A, Hedayati S, Nadamuni M, Shastri S, Willett D, Short S, Renaghan A, Enfield K, Bhatraju P, Malik A, Semler M, Vijayan A, Joy C, Li T, Goldberg S, Kao P, Schumaker G, Goyal N, Faugno A, Schumaker G, Hsu C, Tariq A, Meyer L, Kshirsagar R, Weiner D, Jose A, Christov M, Griffiths J, Gupta S, Kapoor A, Wilson P, Arora T, Ugwuowo U. Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2020, 77: 190-203.e1. PMID: 32961244, PMCID: PMC7501875, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPre-existing CKDChronic kidney diseaseIntensive care unitPre-existing kidney diseaseDependent chronic kidney diseaseKidney diseaseICU admissionDialysis patientsCare unitPre-existing chronic kidney diseaseSevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illnessCoronavirus disease 2019 illnessEffective COVID-19 therapiesIll COVID-19 patientsCOVID-19Dependent CKD patientsGray survival modelsMore dialysis patientsSevere COVID-19Acute liver injuryCOVID-19 patientsCOVID-19 therapyOutcomes of individualsCKD patientsHospital mortalityReal World Use of Hypertonic Saline in Refractory Acute Decompensated Heart Failure A U.S. Center’s Experience
Griffin M, Soufer A, Goljo E, Colna M, Rao VS, Jeon S, Raghavendra P, D'Ambrosi J, Riello R, Coca SG, Mahoney D, Jacoby D, Ahmad T, Chen M, Tang WHW, Turner J, Mullens W, Wilson FP, Testani JM. Real World Use of Hypertonic Saline in Refractory Acute Decompensated Heart Failure A U.S. Center’s Experience. JACC Heart Failure 2020, 8: 199-208. PMID: 32035891, PMCID: PMC7814403, DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2019.10.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute decompensated heart failureHypertonic saline administrationHypertonic saline therapyHypertonic salineSaline administrationSaline therapyDiuretic efficiencyUrine outputSerum sodiumWeight lossAcute decompensated heartDecompensated heart failureCohort of patientsTotal urine outputReal-world safetyU.S. academic medical centersAcademic medical centerLarge U.S. academic medical centerDiuretic doseCenter experienceHeart failureMetabolic derangementsPrimary analytic approachRespiratory statusClinical variables
2019
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Adults With Kidney Disease: Current Measures, Ongoing Initiatives, and Future Opportunities for Incorporation Into Patient-Centered Kidney Care
Nair D, Wilson FP. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Adults With Kidney Disease: Current Measures, Ongoing Initiatives, and Future Opportunities for Incorporation Into Patient-Centered Kidney Care. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2019, 74: 791-802. PMID: 31492487, PMCID: PMC6875620, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.025.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsPatient-reported outcome measuresHealth care policyKidney diseaseClinical trialsOutcome measuresClinical careCare policyPerception of diseaseLaboratory markersPatient's symptomsKidney carePatient experienceNephrology communityPatient voiceNarrative overviewDiseaseCareSymptomsTrialsAdultsOngoing initiativesNephrologistsPatientsClinicians
2018
Enhancing the prediction of acute kidney injury risk after percutaneous coronary intervention using machine learning techniques: A retrospective cohort study
Huang C, Murugiah K, Mahajan S, Li SX, Dhruva SS, Haimovich JS, Wang Y, Schulz WL, Testani JM, Wilson FP, Mena CI, Masoudi FA, Rumsfeld JS, Spertus JA, Mortazavi BJ, Krumholz HM. Enhancing the prediction of acute kidney injury risk after percutaneous coronary intervention using machine learning techniques: A retrospective cohort study. PLOS Medicine 2018, 15: e1002703. PMID: 30481186, PMCID: PMC6258473, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002703.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryAgedClinical Decision-MakingData MiningDecision Support TechniquesFemaleHumansMachine LearningMaleMiddle AgedPercutaneous Coronary InterventionProtective FactorsRegistriesReproducibility of ResultsRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsPercutaneous coronary interventionNational Cardiovascular Data RegistryRisk prediction modelAKI eventsAKI riskCoronary interventionAKI modelMean ageCardiology-National Cardiovascular Data RegistryAcute kidney injury riskAKI risk predictionRetrospective cohort studyIdentification of patientsCandidate variablesAvailable candidate variablesCohort studyPCI proceduresPoint of careBrier scoreAmerican CollegeData registryPatientsCalibration slopeInjury riskSame cohortOutcomes Associated With a Strategy of Adjuvant Metolazone or High‐Dose Loop Diuretics in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Propensity Analysis
Brisco‐Bacik M, Maaten J, Houser SR, Vedage NA, Rao V, Ahmad T, Wilson FP, Testani JM. Outcomes Associated With a Strategy of Adjuvant Metolazone or High‐Dose Loop Diuretics in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Propensity Analysis. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2018, 7: e009149. PMID: 30371181, PMCID: PMC6222930, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009149.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute DiseaseAgedCause of DeathDose-Response Relationship, DrugFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGuideline AdherenceHeart FailureHumansInjections, IntravenousMaleMetolazonePropensity ScoreRetrospective StudiesSodium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsSodium Potassium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsStroke VolumeSurvival RateTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsHigh-dose loop diureticsAcute decompensated heart failureDecompensated heart failureLoop diureticsRenal functionPropensity adjustmentHeart failureCommon electronic medical recordIntravenous loop diureticsLoop diuretic dosePropensity-adjusted analysisThiazide-type diureticsControl trial dataElectronic medical recordsDiuretic doseDiuretic strategyCause mortalityAdverse eventsBaseline characteristicsSecondary outcomesThiazide diureticsResults PatientsDischarge diagnosisMedical recordsDiureticsWorsening Renal Function in Patients With Acute Heart Failure Undergoing Aggressive Diuresis Is Not Associated With Tubular Injury
Ahmad T, Jackson K, Rao VS, Tang WHW, Brisco-Bacik MA, Chen HH, Felker GM, Hernandez AF, O'Connor CM, Sabbisetti VS, Bonventre JV, Wilson FP, Coca SG, Testani JM. Worsening Renal Function in Patients With Acute Heart Failure Undergoing Aggressive Diuresis Is Not Associated With Tubular Injury. Circulation 2018, 137: 2016-2028. PMID: 29352071, PMCID: PMC6066176, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030112.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetylglucosaminidaseAcute DiseaseAcute Kidney InjuryAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersCreatinineCystatin CDiuresisFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHeart FailureHepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1HumansKidneyLipocalin-2MaleMiddle AgedSodium Potassium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsKidney injury molecule-1Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinInjury molecule-1Acute heart failureGelatinase-associated lipocalinRenal tubular injuryTubular injury biomarkersAggressive diuresisROSE-AHF trialsTubular injuryInjury biomarkersRenal functionHeart failureMolecule-1D-glucosaminidaseHigh-dose loop diuretic therapyAcute heart failure treatmentKidney tubular injuryLoop diuretic therapyAcute kidney injuryGlomerular filtration rateHeart failure treatmentDiuretic therapyFurosemide equivalentsKidney injury
2017
An exploratory analysis of the competing effects of aggressive decongestion and high-dose loop diuretic therapy in the DOSE trial
Hanberg JS, Tang WH, Wilson FP, Coca SG, Ahmad T, Brisco MA, Testani JM. An exploratory analysis of the competing effects of aggressive decongestion and high-dose loop diuretic therapy in the DOSE trial. International Journal Of Cardiology 2017, 241: 277-282. PMID: 28392080, PMCID: PMC5471358, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.114.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-dose loop diureticsDiuretic doseAggressive decongestionDose trialFluid outputLoop diureticsHigh-dose loop diuretic therapyDose-related adverse effectsAdverse effectsLoop diuretic doseLoop diuretic therapyHeart failure patientsNet fluid balanceNet fluid outputRate of deathEmergency department (ED) visitationPotential beneficial effectsHypothesis-generating observationsEffective decongestionDiuretic therapyFailure patientsAdverse outcomesDecongestive effectImproved outcomesFluid balance
2016
Hypochloremia and Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure
Hanberg JS, Rao V, Maaten J, Laur O, Brisco MA, Wilson F, Grodin JL, Assefa M, Broughton J, Planavsky NJ, Ahmad T, Bellumkonda L, Tang WH, Parikh CR, Testani JM. Hypochloremia and Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure. Circulation Heart Failure 2016, 9: e003180. PMID: 27507113, PMCID: PMC4988527, DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003180.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersChloridesConnecticutCross-Sectional StudiesDown-RegulationDrug ResistanceFemaleFurosemideHeart FailureHumansKidneyMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioPilot ProjectsProspective StudiesReninRisk FactorsSodiumSodium Potassium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsDiuretic resistanceHeart failureCare centerSerum chloridePro-B-type natriuretic peptideChloride supplementationRenal free water excretionB-type natriuretic peptidePoor diuretic responsePlasma renin activityPlasma renin concentrationHeart failure cohortFree water excretionRecent epidemiological studiesBasic science evidenceBlood urea nitrogenSerum chloride levelsFurosemide equivalentsNeurohormonal activationRenin activityRenin concentrationCreatinine ratioLoop diureticsDiuretic responseSerum sodiumRelevance of Changes in Serum Creatinine During a Heart Failure Trial of Decongestive Strategies: Insights From the DOSE Trial
Brisco MA, Zile MR, Hanberg JS, Wilson FP, Parikh CR, Coca SG, Tang WH, Testani JM. Relevance of Changes in Serum Creatinine During a Heart Failure Trial of Decongestive Strategies: Insights From the DOSE Trial. Journal Of Cardiac Failure 2016, 22: 753-760. PMID: 27374839, PMCID: PMC5435117, DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.06.423.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedBiomarkersCause of DeathCreatinineDisease ProgressionDisease-Free SurvivalDiureticsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleFurosemideGlomerular Filtration RateHeart FailureHumansInfusions, IntravenousKidney Function TestsMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisSurvival RateTreatment OutcomeConceptsStable renal functionRenal functionComposite endpointDecongestive strategiesSerum creatinineDose trialAdverse outcomesClinical trialsSurrogate endpointsDiuretic Optimization Strategies Evaluation (DOSE) trialHeart failure clinical trialsHeart Failure TrialPoor prognostic signCoprimary endpointsComposite outcomeDecongestive therapyFailure TrialPrognostic signEmergency roomImproved outcomesLower riskCreatinineEndpointTrialsAbsence of riskRapid and Highly Accurate Prediction of Poor Loop Diuretic Natriuretic Response in Patients With Heart Failure
Testani JM, Hanberg JS, Cheng S, Rao V, Onyebeke C, Laur O, Kula A, Chen M, Wilson FP, Darlington A, Bellumkonda L, Jacoby D, Tang WH, Parikh CR. Rapid and Highly Accurate Prediction of Poor Loop Diuretic Natriuretic Response in Patients With Heart Failure. Circulation Heart Failure 2016, 9: e002370. PMID: 26721915, PMCID: PMC4741370, DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002370.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute DiseaseAdministration, IntravenousAgedBiomarkersBumetanideDrug MonitoringDrug ResistanceFemaleHeart FailureHumansMaleMiddle AgedModels, BiologicalNatriuresisPredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesReproducibility of ResultsSodiumSodium Potassium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUrinalysisConceptsAcute decompensated heart failureDecompensated heart failureNatriuretic responseSpot urine samplesSodium outputHeart failureDiuretic administrationAcute decompensated heart failure patientsDecompensated heart failure patientsLoop diuretic administrationPrimary therapeutic objectiveUrine samplesHeart failure patientsPositive sodium balanceNet fluid outputDiuretic dosingIntravenous bumetanideMedian doseFailure patientsDiuretic responseSodium balanceUrine collectionFluid balanceTherapeutic objectivesFluid output
2015
Influence of Titration of Neurohormonal Antagonists and Blood Pressure Reduction on Renal Function and Decongestion in Decompensated Heart Failure
Kula AJ, Hanberg JS, Wilson FP, Brisco MA, Bellumkonda L, Jacoby D, Coca SG, Parikh CR, Tang WHW, Testani JM. Influence of Titration of Neurohormonal Antagonists and Blood Pressure Reduction on Renal Function and Decongestion in Decompensated Heart Failure. Circulation Heart Failure 2015, 9: e002333. PMID: 26699390, PMCID: PMC4741376, DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002333.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBlood pressure reductionDecompensated heart failureNeurohormonal antagonistsRenal functionSBP reductionBlood pressureDiuretic efficiencyHeart failureAcute decompensated heart failure hospitalizationAcute decompensated heart failure treatmentAcute decompensated heart failurePressure reductionChronic oral medicationHeart failure admissionsHeart failure hospitalizationHeart failure treatmentSystolic blood pressureDiuretic doseImproved diuresisFailure hospitalizationOral medicationsFailure treatmentDiuresisFluid outputAdmission
2014
Dialysis versus Nondialysis in Patients with AKI: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Wilson FP, Yang W, Machado CA, Mariani LH, Borovskiy Y, Berns JS, Feldman HI. Dialysis versus Nondialysis in Patients with AKI: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study. Clinical Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2014, 9: 673-681. PMID: 24651073, PMCID: PMC3974360, DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07630713.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryAdultAgedBiomarkersCreatinineFemaleHospitalizationHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisOdds RatioPatient SelectionPennsylvaniaPropensity ScoreProportional Hazards ModelsRenal DialysisRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsInitiation of dialysisSerum creatinine concentrationCreatinine concentrationDialysis initiationDialyzed patientsSevere AKICohort studyPropensity-matched cohort studyPropensity scoreElevated creatinine levelOverall hazard ratioGreater survival benefitProportional hazards analysisAcute care hospitalsTime-varying propensity scoresPennsylvania Health SystemCause mortalityCreatinine levelsHazard ratioSurvival benefitCare hospitalDL increaseNondialyzed patientsPatient factorsLaboratory variables
2013
Sundays and Mortality in Patients with AKI
Wilson FP, Yang W, Schrauben S, Machado C, Lin JJ, Feldman HI. Sundays and Mortality in Patients with AKI. Clinical Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2013, 8: 1863-1869. PMID: 23970128, PMCID: PMC3817908, DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03540413.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2012
Creatinine generation is reduced in patients requiring continuous venovenous hemodialysis and independently predicts mortality
Wilson FP, Sheehan JM, Mariani LH, Berns JS. Creatinine generation is reduced in patients requiring continuous venovenous hemodialysis and independently predicts mortality. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2012, 27: 4088-4094. PMID: 22273668, PMCID: PMC3529547, DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr809.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryCreatinine generation rateContinuous venovenous hemodialysisSeverity of AKISerum creatinine concentrationCreatinine concentrationHospital mortalityTertiary care hospital settingSerum creatinine increaseGlomerular filtration rateLength of hospitalizationMeasures of severityAKI severityCreatinine increaseKidney injuryHospital dischargeMultivariable adjustmentSerum creatinineCohort studyMultivariable analysisPatient populationUnadjusted analysesCreatinine generationFiltration rateOncologic diagnosis
2011
Vancomycin levels are frequently subtherapeutic during continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD)
Wilson FP, Berns JS. Vancomycin levels are frequently subtherapeutic during continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD). Clinical Nephrology 2011, 77: 329-331. PMID: 22445477, PMCID: PMC3359699, DOI: 10.5414/cn106993.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsContinuous renal replacement therapyContinuous venovenous hemodialysisAcute kidney injuryRenal replacement therapyPopulation of patientsDialysis flow rateKidney injuryVancomycin levelsIntensive careReplacement therapyIntermittent dialysisSubtherapeutic levelsLow bloodNephrology traineesAntibioticsHemodialysisPatientsInjuryTherapyPopulationVancomycinBloodDialysisCare