2023
Brain activation during fear extinction recall in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Diniz J, Bazán P, Pereira C, Saraiva E, Ramos P, de Oliveira A, Reimer A, Hoexter M, Miguel E, Shavitt R, Batistuzzo M. Brain activation during fear extinction recall in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging 2023, 336: 111733. PMID: 37913655, DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111733.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderExtinction recallNeutral stimuliFear conditioningFear extinction recallBlood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responseFear conditioning experimentSkin conductance reactivitySpecific brain activation patternsBrain activation patternsSkin conductance responsesLevel-dependent responsesEntire sampleDACC activationUnmedicated adult patientsFear responsesBrain activationAversive stimuliLingual gyrusUnmedicated samplesActivation patternsHealthy participantsRecallOpercular cortexInsular cortexMeasurement Fidelity of Clinical Assessment Methods in a Global Study on Identifying Reproducible Brain Signatures of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Shavitt R, Sheshachala K, Hezel D, Wall M, Balachander S, Lochner C, Narayanaswamy J, Costa D, de Mathis M, van Balkom A, de Joode N, Narayan M, van den Heuvel O, Stein D, Miguel E, Simpson H, Reddy Y. Measurement Fidelity of Clinical Assessment Methods in a Global Study on Identifying Reproducible Brain Signatures of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. Neuropsychology 2023, 37: 330-343. PMID: 36442004, PMCID: PMC10073274, DOI: 10.1037/neu0000849.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPolygenic risk score for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and brain functional networks segregation in a community‐based sample
Sato J, Biazoli C, Bueno A, Caye A, Pan P, Santoro M, Honorato‐Mauer J, Salum G, Hoexter M, Bressan R, Jackowski A, Miguel E, Belangero S, Rohde L. Polygenic risk score for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and brain functional networks segregation in a community‐based sample. Genes Brain & Behavior 2023, 22: e12838. PMID: 36811275, PMCID: PMC10067387, DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12838.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCingulo-opercular networkDefault mode networkADHD-PRSAttentional networksFunctional segregationAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderLarge-scale brain networksADHD polygenic risk scoresHyperactivity disorder symptomsSegregation of networksFunctional network segregationLongitudinal community-based cohortAttentional processesRs-fMRI dataExecutive functionHyperactivity disorderDisorder symptomsBrain networksCommunity-based sampleProbable ADHDADHDNetwork segregationPolygenic risk scoresDirection of associationSpatial normalization discrepancies between native and MNI152 brain template scans in gamma ventral capsulotomy patients
Giff A, Noren G, Magnotti J, Lopes A, Batistuzzo M, Hoexter M, Greenberg B, Marsland R, Miguel E, Rasmussen S, McLaughlin N. Spatial normalization discrepancies between native and MNI152 brain template scans in gamma ventral capsulotomy patients. Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging 2023, 329: 111595. PMID: 36680842, PMCID: PMC10153791, DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111595.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2022
Shape analysis of subcortical structures in obsessive‐compulsive disorder and the relationship with comorbid anxiety, depression, and medication use: A meta‐analysis by the OCD Brain Imaging Consortium
Fouche J, Groenewold N, Sevenoaks T, Heany S, Lochner C, Alonso P, Batistuzzo M, Cardoner N, Ching C, de Wit S, Gutman B, Hoexter M, Jahanshad N, Kim M, Kwon J, Mataix‐Cols D, Menchon J, Miguel E, Nakamae T, Phillips M, Pujol J, Sakai Y, Yun J, Soriano‐Mas C, Thompson P, Yamada K, Veltman D, van den Heuvel O, Stein D. Shape analysis of subcortical structures in obsessive‐compulsive disorder and the relationship with comorbid anxiety, depression, and medication use: A meta‐analysis by the OCD Brain Imaging Consortium. Brain And Behavior 2022, 12: e2755. PMID: 36106505, PMCID: PMC9575597, DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2755.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCaudate nucleusHealthy controlsOCD patientsComorbid depressionMedication statusComorbid anxietySubcortical shapeSignificant differencesDeep gray matter structuresRight caudate nucleusCo-morbid anxietyLeft caudate nucleusObsessive-compulsive disorder patientsSubcortical brain morphologyGray matter structuresDisease durationMedication useObsessive-compulsive disorderSubgroup analysisBrain MRINucleus accumbensDisorder patientsPatientsBrain volumePutamenGlobal multi‐center and multi‐modal magnetic resonance imaging study of obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Harmonization and monitoring of protocols in healthy volunteers and phantoms
Pouwels P, Vriend C, Liu F, de Joode N, Otaduy M, Pastorello B, Robertson F, Venkatasubramanian G, Ipser J, Lee S, Batistuzzo M, Hoexter M, Lochner C, Miguel E, Narayanaswamy J, Rao R, Reddy Y, Shavitt R, Sheshachala K, Stein D, van Balkom A, Wall M, Simpson H, van den Heuvel O. Global multi‐center and multi‐modal magnetic resonance imaging study of obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Harmonization and monitoring of protocols in healthy volunteers and phantoms. International Journal Of Methods In Psychiatric Research 2022, 32: e1931. PMID: 35971639, PMCID: PMC9976605, DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1931.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNot only pharmacodynamic: the role of brain circuits in improving the treatment of suicidal thoughts and behaviors
Damiano R, Miguel E, Shephard E. Not only pharmacodynamic: the role of brain circuits in improving the treatment of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Brazilian Journal Of Psychiatry 2022, 44: 113-113. PMID: 35170674, PMCID: PMC8827373, DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2257.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
Brain areas involved with obsessive-compulsive disorder present different DNA methylation modulation
de Oliveira K, Camilo C, Gastaldi V, Sant’Anna Feltrin A, Lisboa B, de Jesus Rodrigues de Paula V, Moretto A, Lafer B, Hoexter M, Miguel E, Maschietto M, Brentani H. Brain areas involved with obsessive-compulsive disorder present different DNA methylation modulation. BMC Genomic Data 2021, 22: 45. PMID: 34717534, PMCID: PMC8557022, DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00993-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGene modulesMethylation changesBrain areasCpG sitesProtein-protein interaction networkDNA methylation modulationCommon transcriptional factorsDNA methylation changesSpecific signaling pathwaysGene expression dataOCD patientsPost-mortem brain tissueEpigenetic mechanismsInteraction networksMethylation modulationHypomethylation patternTranscriptional factorsEnvironmental risk factorsGene expressionBiological processesBackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorderSignaling pathwaysExpression dataG proteinsRisk factorsLong‐term stability of the cortical volumetric profile and the functional human connectome throughout childhood and adolescence
Sato J, Biazoli C, Zugman A, Pan P, Bueno A, Moura L, Gadelha A, Picon F, Amaro E, Salum G, Miguel E, Rohde L, Bressan R, Jackowski A. Long‐term stability of the cortical volumetric profile and the functional human connectome throughout childhood and adolescence. European Journal Of Neuroscience 2021, 54: 6187-6201. PMID: 34460993, DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15435.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFunctional connectomeVolumetric profileLarge-scale functional networksDorsal attention networkBrain functional connectomeIdentification accuracyStructural brain featuresFunctional connectivity profilesProtracted developmentBrain featuresConnectivity profilesFunctional networksHuman connectomeConnectomeNeurodevelopmental processesLongitudinal cohortAdolescenceAdolescentsWhole brainSubject variabilityChildrenChildhoodLarge-scale networksScan intervalFunctional profilesCellular and Extracellular White Matter Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Maziero M, Seitz-Holland J, Cho K, Goldenberg J, Tanamatis T, Diniz J, Cappi C, Alice de Mathis M, Otaduy M, da Graça Morais Martin M, de Melo Felipe da Silva R, Shavitt R, Batistuzzo M, Lopes A, Miguel E, Pasternak O, Hoexter M. Cellular and Extracellular White Matter Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience And Neuroimaging 2021, 6: 983-991. PMID: 33862255, PMCID: PMC8502196, DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.04.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderClinical variablesControl subjectsLower fractional anisotropyFractional anisotropyWhite matterDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imagingMagnetic resonance imaging studyDiffusion measuresDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging studyWhite matter abnormalitiesTract-based spatial statisticsResonance imaging studyMagnetic resonance imagingFree-water imagingExtracellular abnormalities
2020
Toward identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive profiles: rationale and methods for a new global initiative
Simpson H, van den Heuvel O, Miguel E, Reddy Y, Stein D, Lewis-Fernández R, Shavitt R, Lochner C, Pouwels P, Narayanawamy J, Venkatasubramanian G, Hezel D, Vriend C, Batistuzzo M, Hoexter M, de Joode N, Costa D, de Mathis M, Sheshachala K, Narayan M, van Balkom A, Batelaan N, Venkataram S, Cherian A, Marincowitz C, Pannekoek N, Stovezky Y, Mare K, Liu F, Otaduy M, Pastorello B, Rao R, Katechis M, Van Meter P, Wall M. Toward identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive profiles: rationale and methods for a new global initiative. BMC Psychiatry 2020, 20: 68. PMID: 32059696, PMCID: PMC7023814, DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2439-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMagnetic resonance imagingCircuit abnormalitiesNew global initiativesBrain signaturesGlobal InitiativeHealthy control subjectsMedication-free adultsMultiple brain circuitsMedication-free subjectsBackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorderClinical profileClinical symptomsControl subjectsClinical evaluationHealthy controlsLeading causeGlobal disabilityLifetime prevalenceResonance imagingNeurocognitive assessmentBrain circuitsImaging signaturesFunctional connectivityBrain-behavior associationsDisease dimensions
2019
Are serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations related to brain structure and psychopathology in late childhood and early adolescence?
de Araujo C, Swardfager W, Zugman A, Cogo-Moreira H, Belangero S, Ota V, Spindola L, Hakonarson H, Pellegrino R, Gadelha A, Salum G, Pan P, Mansur R, Hoexter M, Picon F, Sato J, Brietzke E, Grassi-Oliveira R, Rohde L, Miguel E, Bressan R, Jackowski A. Are serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations related to brain structure and psychopathology in late childhood and early adolescence? CNS Spectrums 2019, 25: 790-796. PMID: 31845634, DOI: 10.1017/s1092852919001688.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerum BDNF concentrationsBrain-derived neurotrophic factorBDNF concentrationsBDNF genotypeCortical thicknessPsychiatric disordersSerum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrationsBrain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrationSubcortical volumesMental disordersWell-Being Behavior AssessmentBrain structuresBDNF serum concentrationsNeurotrophic factor concentrationsPeripheral blood concentrationsHigh Risk Cohort StudyLate childhoodAdult psychiatric disordersLarge independent samplesCohort studyNeurotrophic factorCortical maturationSerum concentrationsBlood concentrationsMet carriersGenetic risk for Alzheimer's disease and functional brain connectivity in children and adolescents
Axelrud L, Sato J, Santoro M, Talarico F, Pine D, Rohde L, Zugman A, Junior E, Bressan R, Grassi-Oliveira R, Pan P, Hoffmann M, Simioni A, Guinjoan S, Hakonarson H, Brietzke E, Gadelha A, Pellegrino da Silva R, Hoexter M, Miguel E, Belangero S, Salum G. Genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease and functional brain connectivity in children and adolescents. Neurobiology Of Aging 2019, 82: 10-17. PMID: 31376729, PMCID: PMC7658444, DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlzheimer's diseaseAD-PRSBrain connectivityGenetic riskRight superior temporal gyrusFunctional brain connectivityMagnetic resonance imagingInhibitory controlSuperior temporal gyrusTau pathologyAD developmentPolygenic risk scoresRisk scoreRight precuneusResonance imagingTau proteinTemporal gyrusDiseaseBrain connectionsEarly lifePathology networkFunctional networksRiskPorto AlegreMemory performanceAssociation Between Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Spontaneous Fluctuation and Degree Centrality in Children and Adolescents
Sato J, Biazoli C, Moura L, Crossley N, Zugman A, Picon F, Hoexter M, Amaro E, Miguel E, Rohde L, Bressan R, Jackowski A. Association Between Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Spontaneous Fluctuation and Degree Centrality in Children and Adolescents. Brain Connectivity 2019, 9: 379-387. PMID: 30880423, DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0628.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFractional amplitudeBrain functional changesPosterior cingulate/precuneusLateral parietal cortexParietal cortexNeurodevelopmental studiesFunctional changesLow-frequency fluctuationsBOLD signalClinical populationsLarge independent samplesSpontaneous fluctuationsIntra-subject correlationNeurophysiological correlatesGroup levelIndependent samplesMapping Cortical and Subcortical Asymmetry in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Consortium
Kong XZ, Boedhoe PSW, Abe Y, Alonso P, Ameis SH, Arnold PD, Assogna F, Baker JT, Batistuzzo MC, Benedetti F, Beucke JC, Bollettini I, Bose A, Brem S, Brennan BP, Buitelaar J, Calvo R, Cheng Y, Cho KIK, Dallaspezia S, Denys D, Ely BA, Feusner J, Fitzgerald KD, Fouche JP, Fridgeirsson EA, Glahn DC, Gruner P, Gürsel DA, Hauser TU, Hirano Y, Hoexter MQ, Hu H, Huyser C, James A, Jaspers-Fayer F, Kathmann N, Kaufmann C, Koch K, Kuno M, Kvale G, Kwon JS, Lazaro L, Liu Y, Lochner C, Marques P, Marsh R, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Mataix-Cols D, Medland SE, Menchón JM, Minuzzi L, Moreira PS, Morer A, Morgado P, Nakagawa A, Nakamae T, Nakao T, Narayanaswamy JC, Nurmi EL, O'Neill J, Pariente JC, Perriello C, Piacentini J, Piras F, Piras F, Pittenger C, Reddy YCJ, Rus-Oswald OG, Sakai Y, Sato JR, Schmaal L, Simpson HB, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Stern ER, Stevens MC, Stewart SE, Szeszko PR, Tolin DF, Tsuchiyagaito A, van Rooij D, van Wingen GA, Venkatasubramanian G, Wang Z, Yun JY, Group E, Kong X, Boedhoe P, Abe Y, Alonso P, Ameis S, Anticevic A, Arnold P, Assogna F, Baker J, Banaj N, Bargalló N, Batistuzzo M, Benedetti F, Beucke J, Bollettini I, Bose A, Brandeis D, Brem S, Brennan B, Buitelaar J, Busatto G, Calvo A, Calvo R, Cheng Y, Cho K, Ciullo V, Dallaspezia S, Denys D, de Vries F, de Wit S, Dickie E, Drechsler R, Ely B, Esteves M, Falini A, Fang Y, Feusner J, Figee M, Fitzgerald K, Fontaine M, Fouche J, Fridgeirsson E, Gruner P, Gürsel D, Hall G, Hamatani S, Hanna G, Hansen B, Hauser T, Hirano Y, Hoexter M, Hu H, Huyser C, Ikari K, Jahanshad N, James A, Jaspers-Fayer F, Kathmann N, Kaufmann C, Koch K, Kuno M, Kvale G, Kwon J, Lazaro L, Liu Y, Lochner C, Magalhães R, Marques P, Marsh R, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Masuda Y, Mataix-Cols D, Matsumoto K, McCracken J, Menchón J, Miguel E, Minuzzi L, Moreira P, Morer A, Morgado P, Nakagawa A, Nakamae T, Nakao T, Narayanaswamy J, Narumoto J, Nishida S, Nurmi E, O'Neill J, Pariente J, Perriello C, Piacentini J, Piras F, Piras F, Pittenger C, Poletti S, Reddy Y, Reess T, Rus-Oswald O, Sakai Y, Sato J, Schmaal L, Shimizu E, Simpson H, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Sousa N, Spalletta G, Stern E, Stevens M, Stewart S, Szeszko P, Takahashi J, Tang J, Thorsen A, Tolin D, Tsuchiyagaito A, van Rooij D, van Wingen G, van der Werf Y, Veltman D, Vecchio D, Venkatasubramanian G, Walitza S, Wang Z, Watanabe A, Xu J, Xu X, Yamada K, Yoshida T, Yun J, Zarei M, Zhao Q, Zhou C, Thompson P, Stein D, van den Heuvel O, Francks C, Thompson P, Stein D, van den Heuvel O, Francks C. Mapping Cortical and Subcortical Asymmetry in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Consortium. Biological Psychiatry 2019, 87: 1022-1034. PMID: 31178097, PMCID: PMC7094802, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderCase-control differencesBrain structural asymmetryMedication statusSubcortical structuresENIGMA consortiumSignificant case-control differencesRegional cortical thicknessPediatric obsessive-compulsive disorderPediatric datasetSubcortical asymmetriesDepression comorbidityCortical thicknessPotential associationLarger studyNeurodevelopmental processesVolume asymmetryBrain asymmetryAbnormal patternsDisordersPossible alterationsPutative linkOCD severityAsymmetry patternsMagnetic resonanceCaudate volume differences among treatment responders, non-responders and controls in children with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Vattimo E, Barros V, Requena G, Sato J, Fatori D, Miguel E, Shavitt R, Hoexter M, Batistuzzo M. Caudate volume differences among treatment responders, non-responders and controls in children with obsessive–compulsive disorder. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2019, 28: 1607-1617. PMID: 30972581, DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01320-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderGroup cognitive behavioral therapyPediatric obsessive-compulsive disorderRight caudateTreatment responseCognitive behavioral therapyCaudate nucleusPossible neural substrateTreatment respondersGM volumeStructural magnetic resonance imagingNeural substratesPrevious evidenceNeurobiological underpinningsOrbitofrontal cortexAge-matched controlsTotal GM volumeMagnetic resonance imagingBrain structuresResonance imagingChildrenRespondersBonferroni correctionCaudatePatientsSocioeconomic status in children is associated with spontaneous activity in right superior temporal gyrus
Biazoli C, Salum G, Gadelha A, Rebello K, Moura L, Pan P, Brietzke E, Miguel E, Rohde L, Bressan R, Jackowski A, Sato J. Socioeconomic status in children is associated with spontaneous activity in right superior temporal gyrus. Brain Imaging And Behavior 2019, 14: 961-970. PMID: 30868400, DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00073-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRight superior temporal gyrusSuperior temporal gyrusTemporal gyrusExtended language networkDifferent developmental trajectoriesBrain functional organizationSchool-based sampleFunctional organizationStructural neuroimaging findingsCognitive controlSocioeconomic statusLanguage networkExternalizing problemsInternalizing problemsDevelopmental trajectoriesEmotional problemsSpontaneous activityRegional spontaneous activityLanguage processingFMRI featuresBrain regionsBrain areasNeuroimaging findingsFunctional networksLinguistic environment
2018
Associations between children’s family environment, spontaneous brain oscillations, and emotional and behavioral problems
Sato J, Biazoli C, Salum G, Gadelha A, Crossley N, Vieira G, Zugman A, Picon F, Pan P, Hoexter M, Amaro E, Anés M, Moura L, Del’Aquilla M, Mcguire P, Rohde L, Miguel E, Bressan R, Jackowski A. Associations between children’s family environment, spontaneous brain oscillations, and emotional and behavioral problems. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2018, 28: 835-845. PMID: 30392120, DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1240-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFamily environmentMental health outcomesFamily coherenceEmotional problemsOrbitofrontal cortexTemporal poleResting-state fMRI dataLeft temporal poleSpontaneous brain oscillationsChild's family environmentRight orbitofrontal cortexOscillatory neural activityHealth outcomesBrain oscillationsBehavioral problemsNeural activityFMRI dataFMRI metricsBrain areasLow-frequency fluctuationsFractional amplitudeLower incidenceSpontaneous activityHigh incidenceExploratory study
2017
Low frequency fluctuation of brain spontaneous activity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a large school-age sample
Hoexter M, Biazoli C, Alvarenga P, Batistuzzo M, Salum G, Gadelha A, Pan P, Anés M, Mancini-Martins L, Moura L, Soriano-Mas C, Aquilla M, Amaro E, Rohde L, Jackowski A, Bressan R, Miguel E, do Rosario M, Sato J. Low frequency fluctuation of brain spontaneous activity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a large school-age sample. Journal Of Psychiatric Research 2017, 96: 224-230. PMID: 29102817, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive symptomsBrain spontaneous activityLow-frequency fluctuationsSpontaneous activityRight sensorimotor cortexHigh Risk Cohort StudyState functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) dataSpontaneous activity changesPredictors of riskWell-Being AssessmentSpontaneous brain activitySuperior temporal cortexSuperior temporal gyrusCohort studyObsessive-compulsive disorderSensorimotor cortexMagnetic resonance imaging dataPsychiatric disordersOverall psychopathologyTemporal gyrusFractional amplitudeGeneral linear modelFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataCompulsive symptomsBrain activityVentral Striatum Functional Connectivity as a Predictor of Adolescent Depressive Disorder in a Longitudinal Community-Based Sample
Pan P, Sato J, Salum G, Rohde L, Gadelha A, Zugman A, Mari J, Jackowski A, Picon F, Miguel E, Pine D, Leibenluft E, Bressan R, Stringaris A. Ventral Striatum Functional Connectivity as a Predictor of Adolescent Depressive Disorder in a Longitudinal Community-Based Sample. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2017, 174: 1112-1119. PMID: 28946760, PMCID: PMC10752293, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17040430.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsResting-state functional MRIIntrinsic functional connectivityDepressive disorderFunctional connectivityFunctional MRIReward networkFuture depressive disorderAdolescent depressive disordersLeft ventral striatumOnset of depressionBrain reward networksAberrant reward processingAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderLongitudinal communityChildren 6Ventral striatumAdolescent depressionLogistic regressionHyperactivity disorderSubstance useYouth depressionDisordersDepressionFuture risk