2023
An AI-powered patient triage platform for future viral outbreaks using COVID-19 as a disease model
Charkoftaki G, Aalizadeh R, Santos-Neto A, Tan W, Davidson E, Nikolopoulou V, Wang Y, Thompson B, Furnary T, Chen Y, Wunder E, Coppi A, Schulz W, Iwasaki A, Pierce R, Cruz C, Desir G, Kaminski N, Farhadian S, Veselkov K, Datta R, Campbell M, Thomaidis N, Ko A, Thompson D, Vasiliou V. An AI-powered patient triage platform for future viral outbreaks using COVID-19 as a disease model. Human Genomics 2023, 17: 80. PMID: 37641126, PMCID: PMC10463861, DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00521-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 patientsDisease severityViral outbreaksFuture viral outbreaksLength of hospitalizationIntensive care unitWorse disease prognosisLife-threatening illnessEffective medical interventionsCOVID-19Clinical decision treeGlucuronic acid metabolitesNew potential biomarkersHospitalization lengthCare unitComorbidity dataSerotonin levelsDisease progressionHealthy controlsPatient outcomesDisease prognosisPatient transferPatientsHealthcare resourcesPotential biomarkersSARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines decouple anti-viral immunity from humoral autoimmunity
Jaycox J, Lucas C, Yildirim I, Dai Y, Wang E, Monteiro V, Lord S, Carlin J, Kita M, Buckner J, Ma S, Campbell M, Ko A, Omer S, Lucas C, Speake C, Iwasaki A, Ring A. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines decouple anti-viral immunity from humoral autoimmunity. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 1299. PMID: 36894554, PMCID: PMC9996559, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36686-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVaccine-associated myocarditisAutoimmune patientsAutoantibody reactivitySARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinationVaccine-related adverse effectsSARS-CoV-2 immunitySARS-CoV-2 infectionAcute COVID-19Development of autoantibodiesCOVID-19 patientsAnti-viral immunityVirus-specific antibodiesCOVID-19 vaccineCOVID-19Humoral autoimmunityMRNA vaccinationAutoantibody responsePost vaccinationAutoantibody developmentAutoimmune diseasesHumoral responseHealthy individualsPatientsAntigen profilingAdverse effects
2022
Gut microbiome dysbiosis in antibiotic-treated COVID-19 patients is associated with microbial translocation and bacteremia
Bernard-Raichon L, Venzon M, Klein J, Axelrad J, Zhang C, Sullivan A, Hussey G, Casanovas-Massana A, Noval M, Valero-Jimenez A, Gago J, Putzel G, Pironti A, Wilder E, Thorpe L, Littman D, Dittmann M, Stapleford K, Shopsin B, Torres V, Ko A, Iwasaki A, Cadwell K, Schluter J. Gut microbiome dysbiosis in antibiotic-treated COVID-19 patients is associated with microbial translocation and bacteremia. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 5926. PMID: 36319618, PMCID: PMC9626559, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33395-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGut microbiome dysbiosisCOVID-19 patientsMicrobiome dysbiosisSecondary infectionSARS-CoV-2 infection inducesLife-threatening secondary infectionsTranslocation of bacteriaBlood culture resultsCOVID-19 severityAntimicrobial-resistant speciesCOVID-19Different clinical sitesMicrobial translocationBloodstream infectionsInfection inducesBarrier permeabilitySystemic circulationDysbiosisGoblet cellsPaneth cellsClinical sitesCulture resultsPatient healthGut microbiomePatientsDe novo emergence of a remdesivir resistance mutation during treatment of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised patient: a case report
Gandhi S, Klein J, Robertson AJ, Peña-Hernández MA, Lin MJ, Roychoudhury P, Lu P, Fournier J, Ferguson D, Mohamed Bakhash SAK, Catherine Muenker M, Srivathsan A, Wunder EA, Kerantzas N, Wang W, Lindenbach B, Pyle A, Wilen CB, Ogbuagu O, Greninger AL, Iwasaki A, Schulz WL, Ko AI. De novo emergence of a remdesivir resistance mutation during treatment of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised patient: a case report. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 1547. PMID: 35301314, PMCID: PMC8930970, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29104-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 infectionVirologic responsePersistent SARS-CoV-2 infectionResistance mutationsPre-treatment specimensB-cell deficiencyRemdesivir resistanceRemdesivir therapyViral sheddingCase reportAntiviral agentsPatientsCombinatorial therapyInfectionTherapyWhole-genome sequencingTreatmentImportance of monitoringDe novo emergenceFold increaseRNA-dependent RNA polymeraseNovo emergencePotential benefitsMutationsIndolent
2021
Kynurenic acid may underlie sex-specific immune responses to COVID-19
Cai Y, Kim DJ, Takahashi T, Broadhurst DI, Yan H, Ma S, Rattray NJW, Casanovas-Massana A, Israelow B, Klein J, Lucas C, Mao T, Moore AJ, Muenker MC, Oh JE, Silva J, Wong P, team Y, Ko AI, Khan SA, Iwasaki A, Johnson CH. Kynurenic acid may underlie sex-specific immune responses to COVID-19. Science Signaling 2021, 14: eabf8483. PMID: 34230210, PMCID: PMC8432948, DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abf8483.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsKynurenic acidImmune responseClinical outcomesSex-specific immune responsesT cell responsesPoor clinical outcomeCOVID-19 patientsCoronavirus disease 2019COVID-19Sex-related differencesMale patientsCytokine abundanceInflammatory cytokinesKynurenine ratioSerum metabolomeDisease 2019Sex-specific linkKynurenine aminotransferaseCell responsesOld malePatientsMalesOutcomesResponseMetabolitesCutting Edge: Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Humans Is Defined by a Shift in the Serum Lipidome, Resulting in Dysregulation of Eicosanoid Immune Mediators
Schwarz B, Sharma L, Roberts L, Peng X, Bermejo S, Leighton I, Casanovas-Massana A, Minasyan M, Farhadian S, Ko AI, Team Y, Dela Cruz CS, Bosio CM. Cutting Edge: Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Humans Is Defined by a Shift in the Serum Lipidome, Resulting in Dysregulation of Eicosanoid Immune Mediators. The Journal Of Immunology 2021, 206: ji2001025. PMID: 33277388, PMCID: PMC7962598, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLipid mediatorsRisk factorsSevere diseaseSevere SARS-CoV-2 infectionHospitalized COVID-19 patientsSARS-CoV-2 infectionImportant immune regulatory roleSevere COVID-19COVID-19 patientsImmune regulatory roleProinflammatory lipid mediatorsCOVID-19Immunomodulatory eicosanoidsImmune mediatorsSerum lipidomeAdvanced agePatientsCOVID-19 pandemicCytochrome P450MortalityDiseaseDysregulationMediatorsLMS productsLipidome
2020
Early Release - Anicteric Leptospirosis-Associated Meningitis in a Tropical Urban Environment, Brazil - Volume 26, Number 9—September 2020 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Nabity SA, Araújo GC, Hagan JE, Damião AO, Reis MG, Ko AI, Ribeiro GS. Early Release - Anicteric Leptospirosis-Associated Meningitis in a Tropical Urban Environment, Brazil - Volume 26, Number 9—September 2020 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2020, 26: 2190-2192. PMID: 32818405, PMCID: PMC7454101, DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.191001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCoast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States
Fauver JR, Petrone ME, Hodcroft EB, Shioda K, Ehrlich HY, Watts AG, Vogels CBF, Brito AF, Alpert T, Muyombwe A, Razeq J, Downing R, Cheemarla NR, Wyllie AL, Kalinich CC, Ott IM, Quick J, Loman NJ, Neugebauer KM, Greninger AL, Jerome KR, Roychoudhury P, Xie H, Shrestha L, Huang ML, Pitzer VE, Iwasaki A, Omer SB, Khan K, Bogoch II, Martinello RA, Foxman EF, Landry ML, Neher RA, Ko AI, Grubaugh ND. Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States. Cell 2020, 181: 990-996.e5. PMID: 32386545, PMCID: PMC7204677, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2Federal travel restrictionsSARS-CoV-2 transmissionCOVID-19 patientsCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2 introductionsEarly SARS-CoV-2 transmissionPattern of spreadSustained transmissionLocal surveillanceEarly epidemicInternational importationCOVID-19 outbreakUnited StatesViral genomeInternational travel patternsPatientsCritical needTravel restrictions
2008
Rescue of a Living Donor with Liver Transplantation
Ringe B, Xiao G, Sass D, Karam J, Shang S, Maroney T, Trebelev A, Levison S, Fuchs A, Petrucci R, Ko A, Gonzalez M, Reynolds J, Meyers W. Rescue of a Living Donor with Liver Transplantation. American Journal Of Transplantation 2008, 8: 1557-1561. PMID: 18510644, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02261.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLiver failureOnly life-saving treatmentDonor liver resectionPostoperative liver failureMultiple organ failureLiving liver donorsLife-saving treatmentLiver transplantLiver transplantationPostoperative complicationsRight hemihepatectomyLiver resectionRare complicationOrgan failureCase reportLiver donorsHealthy donorsTimely transplantationOwn patientsPatientsComplicationsTransplantationOnly survivorFailureDonors
2006
Frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with infectious diseases using three different ELISA methods
Santiago M, Martinelli R, Reis M, Reis E, Ko A, Fontes R, Silva M, Nascimento E, Espinola R, Harris N, Gharavi A, Pierangeli S. Frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with infectious diseases using three different ELISA methods. Jornal Brasileiro De Patologia E Medicina Laboratorial 2006, 42: 13-17. DOI: 10.1590/s1676-24442006000100004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assayStandard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayAntiphospholipid syndromeELISA kitInfectious diseasesAntiphospholipid antibodiesKala-azarACL ELISASera of patientsFrequency of positivityCases of leptospirosisCases of syphilisDetection of antibodiesAnticardiolipin antibodiesIgG aPLIgM aPLVisceral leishmaniasisELISA techniquePatientsHigh specificityELISA methodImmunosorbent assayDiseaseDiagnostic specificityGp I
2001
Evaluation of Recombinant Leptospira Antigen-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for the Serodiagnosis of Leptospirosis
Flannery B, Costa D, Carvalho F, Guerreiro H, Matsunaga J, Da Silva E, Ferreira A, Riley L, Reis M, Haake D, Ko A. Evaluation of Recombinant Leptospira Antigen-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for the Serodiagnosis of Leptospirosis. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 2001, 39: 3303-3310. PMID: 11526167, PMCID: PMC88335, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.9.3303-3310.2001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assayIgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaySerodiagnosis of leptospirosisHealthy individualsImmunosorbent assayTest-positive individualsCases of leptospirosisHigh-incidence regionsLyme disease patientsMicroscopic agglutination testConvalescent phaseHepatitis patientsAcute phaseDengue patientsDisease patientsPatient seraHealthy residentsLeptospira antigensCutoff valueDiagnostic utilityPatientsAgglutination testUseful antigenLeptospirosisAntigenLeptospiral Proteins Recognized during the Humoral Immune Response to Leptospirosis in Humans
Guerreiro H, Croda J, Flannery B, Mazel M, Matsunaga J, Reis M, Levett P, Ko A, Haake D. Leptospiral Proteins Recognized during the Humoral Immune Response to Leptospirosis in Humans. Infection And Immunity 2001, 69: 4958-4968. PMID: 11447174, PMCID: PMC98588, DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.8.4958-4968.2001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHumoral immune responseImmune responseNatural infectionLeptospiral proteinsInfection-associated antigenConvalescent-phase seraPositive reactionConvalescent phaseHumoral responseHealthy individualsHuman leptospirosisControl individualsVaccine designImmunodominant antigensQuantitative immunoblot analysisTwo-dimensional immunoblotsProtein antigensPathogenic leptospiral strainsGenus LeptospiraInfectionAntigenLeptospirosisSerumImmunodominant proteinsPatients
2000
Clonally Related Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 14 from Cases of Meningitis in Salvador, Brazil
Ko A, Reis J, Coppola S, Gouveia E, Cordeiro S, Lôbo T, Pinheiro R, Salgado K, Dourado C, Tavares-Neto J, Rocha H, Reis M, Johnson W, Riley L. Clonally Related Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 14 from Cases of Meningitis in Salvador, Brazil. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2000, 30: 78-86. PMID: 10619737, DOI: 10.1086/313619.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPenicillin-nonsusceptible isolatesSerotype 14 isolatesSerotype 14Pneumococcal meningitisActive hospital-based surveillanceCases of meningitisHospital-based surveillancePrevious antibiotic useIntermediate-level resistanceSerotype 14 strainsPolymerase chain reaction analysisAntibiotic useChain reaction analysisPrevalent serotypesMeningitisUnrelated patternsPCR patternsCity of SalvadorPatientsStreptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14Reaction analysisIsolatesLarge proportionGeographic areasInfection
1999
Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Stibogluconate Plus Human Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor versus Stibogluconate Alone in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Almeida R, D'Oliveira A, Machado P, Bacellar O, Ko A, de Jesus A, Mobashery N, Santos J, Carvalho E. Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Stibogluconate Plus Human Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor versus Stibogluconate Alone in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1999, 180: 1735-1737. PMID: 10515844, DOI: 10.1086/315082.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCutaneous leishmaniasisGM-CSFDouble-blind placebo trialDouble-blind studyRecombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorGranulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factorGM-CSF groupGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorMacrophage-colony stimulating factorMacrophage colony-stimulating factorColony-stimulating factorHuman granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factorHuman granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorPlacebo groupPlacebo trialLesion healingSodium stibogluconatePatientsStibogluconateLeishmaniasisLesionsDaysTreatmentPlaceboGroup