Associations between education and ideal cardiovascular health metrics across 36 low- and middle-income countries
Zhang Y, Tong G, Ma N, Chen S, Kong Y, Rahmartani L, Aheto J, Kanyike A, Fan P, Ashfikur Rahman M, Mkopi A, Kim R, Karoli P, Niyi J, Zemene M, Zhang L, Cheng F, Lu C, Subramanian S, Geldsetzer P, Qiu Y, Li Z. Associations between education and ideal cardiovascular health metrics across 36 low- and middle-income countries. BMC Medicine 2025, 23: 204. PMID: 40189520, PMCID: PMC11974039, DOI: 10.1186/s12916-025-04032-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdeal cardiovascular health scoreCardiovascular health scoreCVH metricsMiddle-income countriesEducation levelNo educationCardiovascular healthIdeal cardiovascular health metricsStages of epidemiological transitionCardiovascular health metricsMethodsThis cross-sectional studyIdeal blood pressurePoisson regression modelsHigher education levelLower-middle-income countriesCross-sectional studyAmerican Heart AssociationUpper middle-income countriesVegetable intakeVigorous activityLow-income countriesEpidemiological transitionHealth scoresSurveillance SurveyEquivalent combination
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