Smoking and Postoperative Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Chow R, Lans Z, Cohen S, Lin H, Zhao J, Rajput K. Smoking and Postoperative Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Pain Practice 2025, 25: e70083. PMID: 40977634, DOI: 10.1111/papr.70083.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPain scoresPostoperative painOpioid requirementsPostoperative daySmoking historyAnalysis of pain scoresHigh opioid requirementsPostoperative opioid consumptionAcute postoperative painPostoperative pain scoresMeta-analysisEffects of smokingStandardized mean differenceOpioid consumptionPulmonary complicationsRate of infectionPostoperative complicationsPostoperative outcomesCardiovascular eventsPerioperative periodPainMean differenceNonsmokersSmokersStatistical significance
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