Experimental Swine Models for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation and Immunosuppression: A Systematic Review and Case Report of a Novel Heterotopic Hemifacial Swine Model
Knoedler L, Klimitz F, Huelsboemer L, Niederegger T, Schaschinger T, Knoedler S, Boroumand S, Brown S, Pomahac B, Kauke-Navarro M. Experimental Swine Models for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation and Immunosuppression: A Systematic Review and Case Report of a Novel Heterotopic Hemifacial Swine Model. Transplant International 2025, 38: 14520. PMID: 40799314, PMCID: PMC12341719, DOI: 10.3389/ti.2025.14520.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVascularized Composite AllotransplantationImmunosuppressive strategiesImmunological environmentCase reportVCA modelFacial Vascularized Composite AllotransplantationSwine modelSystematic reviewMGH miniature swineMiniature swineHemiface transplantationsSerial skinImmunosuppressive regimensOral functionOrthotopic modelLifelong immunosuppressionTransplantation modelLocal drug deliveryMucosal biopsiesExperimental swine modelVascular experienceExperimental therapiesFacial allograftHeterotopic modelImmune mechanisms
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