2024
Estimated Health and Economic Outcomes of Racial and Ethnic Tuberculosis Disparities in US-Born Persons
Swartwood N, Li Y, Regan M, Marks S, Barham T, Asay G, Cohen T, Hill A, Horsburgh C, Khan A, McCree D, Myles R, Salomon J, Self J, Menzies N. Estimated Health and Economic Outcomes of Racial and Ethnic Tuberculosis Disparities in US-Born Persons. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2431988. PMID: 39254977, PMCID: PMC11388029, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.31988.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUS-born personsEthnic disparitiesCase-fatality rateTB deathsTB casesTB incidenceSex-adjusted incidenceNational TB surveillance dataTB surveillance dataQuality-adjusted life yearsDistrict of ColumbiaTB disparitiesHealth outcomesEconomic outcomesFuture healthOutcome of TBUS-bornTB outcomesEstimate healthLife yearsSocietal costsTB burdenSocietal perspectiveGeneralized additive regression modelsGoal attainmentCost-effectiveness and health impact of screening and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among formerly incarcerated individuals in Brazil: a Markov modelling study
van Lieshout Titan A, Klaassen F, Pelissari D, de Barros Silva J, Alves K, Alves L, Sanchez M, Bartholomay P, Johansen F, Croda J, Andrews J, Castro M, Cohen T, Vuik C, Menzies N. Cost-effectiveness and health impact of screening and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among formerly incarcerated individuals in Brazil: a Markov modelling study. The Lancet Global Health 2024, 12: e1446-e1455. PMID: 39151980, PMCID: PMC11339731, DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00221-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisability-adjusted life yearsTuberculosis preventive treatmentTuberculosis deathsHealth impactsImpact of screeningIntervention cost-effectivenessInfection screeningCost-effectiveNational Institutes of HealthHealth outcomesHealth gainsInstitutes of HealthQuantify health effectsTuberculosis casesCost-effectiveness ratioTreatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectionPotential health impactsLife yearsGreater health benefitsTuberculosis preventionTarget populationMonths of isoniazidMarkov modelling studiesHealth statesHealthRisk factors underlying racial and ethnic disparities in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment outcomes, 2011–19: a multiple mediation analysis of national surveillance data
Regan M, Barham T, Li Y, Swartwood N, Beeler Asay G, Cohen T, Horsburgh C, Khan A, Marks S, Myles R, Salomon J, Self J, Winston C, Menzies N. Risk factors underlying racial and ethnic disparities in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment outcomes, 2011–19: a multiple mediation analysis of national surveillance data. The Lancet Public Health 2024, 9: e564-e572. PMID: 39095133, DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00151-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUS-born individualsNon-US-born individualsHispanic individualsTract-level povertyTract-level measuresEthnic disparitiesCensus tract levelCensus tract-level povertyEconomic segregationEvidence of disparitiesAnalysis of national surveillance dataBlack individualsTuberculosis outcomesNeighborhood-level social vulnerabilityTract levelUS-bornSocial vulnerabilityUS National Tuberculosis Surveillance SystemNational Tuberculosis Surveillance SystemHigh riskCensusNational surveillance dataTuberculosis Surveillance SystemCase managementReduce disparitiesPredictors of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Brazil: an analysis of 259,484 patient records
Ryuk D, Pelissari D, Alves K, Oliveira P, Castro M, Cohen T, Sanchez M, Menzies N. Predictors of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Brazil: an analysis of 259,484 patient records. BMC Infectious Diseases 2024, 24: 531. PMID: 38802744, PMCID: PMC11129366, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09417-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment outcomesFactors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomesHigher risk of poor treatment outcomeTB treatmentRisk of poor treatment outcomesUnsuccessful treatmentEffectiveness of TB treatmentAssociated with unsuccessful treatmentUnsuccessful treatment outcomesTuberculosis treatment outcomesDrug-susceptible TBHealth system levelMultivariate logistic regression modelService-related factorsTB drug resistanceComorbid health conditionsHealth-related behaviorsCategorizing treatment outcomesPatient-level factorsClinical examination resultsNational Disease Notification SystemPoor treatment outcomesDisease notification systemHIV infectionLogistic regression models
2023
Transmission modeling to infer tuberculosis incidence prevalence and mortality in settings with generalized HIV epidemics
Dodd P, Shaweno D, Ku C, Glaziou P, Pretorius C, Hayes R, MacPherson P, Cohen T, Ayles H. Transmission modeling to infer tuberculosis incidence prevalence and mortality in settings with generalized HIV epidemics. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 1639. PMID: 36964130, PMCID: PMC10037365, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37314-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh HIV prevalence settingsEstimation of burdenHIV prevalence settingsGeneralized HIV epidemicsTB transmission modelAntiretroviral therapyTB infectionTB incidenceHIV prevalenceTB prevalencePrevalence settingsTB epidemicHIV epidemicHigh burdenBurden estimatesNotification dataAnnual riskSingle pathogenIntervention impactTherapy effectsTuberculosisPrevalenceEpidemicBurdenAfrican countries
2022
Excess tuberculosis cases and deaths following an economic recession in Brazil: an analysis of nationally representative disease registry data
Li Y, de Macedo Couto R, Pelissari DM, Costa Alves L, Bartholomay P, Maciel EL, Sanchez M, Castro MC, Cohen T, Menzies NA. Excess tuberculosis cases and deaths following an economic recession in Brazil: an analysis of nationally representative disease registry data. The Lancet Global Health 2022, 10: e1463-e1472. PMID: 36049488, PMCID: PMC9472578, DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00320-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Notifiable Diseases Information SystemTuberculosis casesTuberculosis deathsExcess casesTuberculosis case ratesTuberculosis transmissionCase ratesNotifiable Diseases Information SystemTuberculosis case notificationDisease registry dataMortality Information SystemMixed effects regression modelsSupplementary Materials sectionFraction of casesTuberculosis controlUS National InstitutesTuberculosis incidenceCase notificationRegistry dataExcess deathsAge groupsDeathPossible explanatory factorsNational InstituteYoung menNeighbourhood prevalence-to-notification ratios for adult bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis reveals hotspots of underdiagnosis in Blantyre, Malawi
Khundi M, Carpenter JR, Corbett EL, Feasey HRA, Soko RN, Nliwasa M, Twabi H, Chiume L, Burke RM, Horton KC, Dodd PJ, Cohen T, MacPherson P. Neighbourhood prevalence-to-notification ratios for adult bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis reveals hotspots of underdiagnosis in Blantyre, Malawi. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0268749. PMID: 35605004, PMCID: PMC9126376, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268749.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCase notification ratesPrevalence surveyNotification ratioNeighbourhood prevalenceTB case notification ratesXpert MTB/RIFCase-finding interventionsTrue disease burdenChest X-ray screeningTB prevalence surveyTB surveillance systemMTB/RIFDiagnosis of tuberculosisSputum smear microscopyTB clinicTB patientsRespiratory infectionsTB prevalenceDisease burdenNotification ratesSmear microscopyX-ray screeningTuberculosisPrevalenceUrban tuberculosis
2021
Comparison of Estimated Effectiveness of Case-Based and Population-Based Interventions on COVID-19 Containment in Taiwan
Ng TC, Cheng HY, Chang HH, Liu CC, Yang CC, Jian SW, Liu DP, Cohen T, Lin HH. Comparison of Estimated Effectiveness of Case-Based and Population-Based Interventions on COVID-19 Containment in Taiwan. JAMA Internal Medicine 2021, 181: 913-921. PMID: 33821922, PMCID: PMC8025126, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.1644.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPopulation-based interventionsCOVID-19 casesCOVID-19 controlComparative effectiveness research studyComparative effectiveness studiesEffective public health systemCOVID-19Reproduction numberPublic health professionalsPublic health systemCategories of interventionsStochastic branching process modelCase detectionMAIN OUTCOMESubsequent infectionPresymptomatic stagePrimary casesHealth professionalsEffective reproduction numberEstimated EffectivenessSerial intervalEffectiveness studiesHealth systemContact tracingCOVID-19 containment
2020
Evaluation of 6-Month Versus Continuous Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Adults Living With HIV/AIDS in Malawi.
Hsieh YL, Jahn A, Menzies NA, Yaesoubi R, Salomon JA, Girma B, Gunde L, Eaton JW, Auld A, Odo M, Kiyiika CN, Kalua T, Chiwandira B, Mpunga JU, Mbendra K, Corbett L, Hosseinipour MC, Cohen T, Kunkel A. Evaluation of 6-Month Versus Continuous Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Adults Living With HIV/AIDS in Malawi. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2020, 85: 643-650. PMID: 33177475, PMCID: PMC8564780, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002497.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIsoniazid preventive therapyIPT programIPT strategyPreventive therapyContinuous isoniazid preventive therapyMore TB casesHIV-positive adultsCases of tuberculosisAnticipated health effectsComparable health benefitsHIV/AIDSCause deathAntiretroviral therapyTB casesTB controlTB incidenceDrug costsMalawi MinistryMean reductionTuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosisTherapyAnticipated health impactsHealth effectsHealth benefitsRisk factors for recurrent tuberculosis after successful treatment in a high burden setting: a cohort study
Cudahy PGT, Wilson D, Cohen T. Risk factors for recurrent tuberculosis after successful treatment in a high burden setting: a cohort study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2020, 20: 789. PMID: 33097000, PMCID: PMC7585300, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05515-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsM. tuberculosis infectionRecurrent tuberculosisSuccessful treatmentTuberculosis recurrenceHazard ratioSmear gradeTuberculosis infectionRisk factorsSmear-positive pulmonary tuberculosisCox proportional hazards modelSputum smear gradeRepetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typingHigh-burden settingsRisk of recurrenceProportional hazards modelSuccessful treatment completionRecurrent diseaseCohort studyPulmonary tuberculosisBurden settingsClinical presentationRecurrent episodesInitial episodeNumber tandem repeat typingTreatment completionEstimation of Excess Deaths Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, March to May 2020
Weinberger DM, Chen J, Cohen T, Crawford FW, Mostashari F, Olson D, Pitzer VE, Reich NG, Russi M, Simonsen L, Watkins A, Viboud C. Estimation of Excess Deaths Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, March to May 2020. JAMA Internal Medicine 2020, 180: 1336-1344. PMID: 32609310, PMCID: PMC7330834, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3391.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19Excess deathsOfficial COVID-19 deathsCoronavirus disease 2019Entire US populationPublic health impactCOVID-19 diagnostic testsCOVID-19 burdenCOVID-19 deathsCause deathReported deathsMortality burdenObservational studyDisease 2019Influenza activityMAIN OUTCOMEDeath AssociatedWeekly deathsTotal deathsUS deathsMore deathsDeath recordsUS populationHealth StatisticsTest availabilityTime Since Infection and Risks of Future Disease for Individuals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in the United States
Menzies NA, Swartwood N, Testa C, Malyuta Y, Hill AN, Marks SM, Cohen T, Salomon JA. Time Since Infection and Risks of Future Disease for Individuals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in the United States. Epidemiology 2020, 32: 70-78. PMID: 33009253, PMCID: PMC7707158, DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001271.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLatent TB infectionMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionTB infectionTuberculosis infectionTB natural historyRisk of tuberculosisMost TB casesRate of progressionYounger age groupsLower future riskTransmission dynamic modelTB casesTB riskPrevalent infectionProgression riskLifetime riskRisk factorsIncidence trendsClinical diseaseCumulative riskGeneral populationAverage ageNew infectionsUS populationAge groupsOngoing challenges to understanding multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in children versus adults
McQuaid CF, Cohen T, Dean AS, Houben RMGJ, Knight GM, Zignol M, White RG. Ongoing challenges to understanding multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in children versus adults. European Respiratory Journal 2020, 57: 2002504. PMID: 32855219, DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02504-2020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMDR/RR-TBRR-TBOdds ratioPediatric TB casesGlobal TB epidemicRifampicin-resistant tuberculosisPopulation-representative surveyTB casesBurden countriesTB epidemicMost settingsTuberculosisDrug resistanceTransmission riskCountry-specific estimatesAdultsChildrenAgeFurther investigationMultidrugOddsFormer Soviet Union countriesSufficient dataSettingSoviet Union countriesTransmission Modeling with Regression Adjustment for Analyzing Household-based Studies of Infectious Disease: Application to Tuberculosis.
Crawford FW, Marx FM, Zelner J, Cohen T. Transmission Modeling with Regression Adjustment for Analyzing Household-based Studies of Infectious Disease: Application to Tuberculosis. Epidemiology 2020, 31: 238-247. PMID: 31764276, PMCID: PMC7718772, DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001143.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSusceptible household contactsHousehold contactsTB casesBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinationInfected household contactsIsoniazid preventive therapyActive tuberculosis casesCulture-positive casesRisk of diseaseCohort studyMicrobiological confirmationPreventive therapyTuberculosis casesRisk factorsInfection resultsAdult contactsInfection riskInfectious diseasesLogistic regressionRate of transmissionTransmissible diseasesDiseaseIndividual-level characteristicsHigher hazardDisease susceptibilityComparative Modeling of Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Policy Outcomes in California
Menzies NA, Parriott A, Shrestha S, Dowdy DW, Cohen T, Salomon JA, Marks SM, Hill AN, Winston CA, Asay GR, Barry P, Readhead A, Flood J, Kahn JG, Shete PB. Comparative Modeling of Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Policy Outcomes in California. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2020, 201: 356-365. PMID: 31626560, PMCID: PMC7464931, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201907-1289oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB incidenceTB casesAdditional interventionsTuberculosis epidemiologyPublic health prioritizationTreatment of LTBIInfection control interventionsPotential intervention effectsLTBI testingTB servicesLTBI diagnosisLTBI prevalenceAverage annual declineEpidemiologic projectionsSustained reductionTreatment interventionsControl interventionsTB determinantsDefinitive dataIntervention effectsAnnual declineLocal transmissionIncidenceLTBIIntervention
2019
Transmissibility and potential for disease progression of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: prospective cohort study
Becerra MC, Huang CC, Lecca L, Bayona J, Contreras C, Calderon R, Yataco R, Galea J, Zhang Z, Atwood S, Cohen T, Mitnick CD, Farmer P, Murray M. Transmissibility and potential for disease progression of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: prospective cohort study. The BMJ 2019, 367: l5894. PMID: 31649017, PMCID: PMC6812583, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l5894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAntitubercular AgentsChildChild, PreschoolContact TracingDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornIsoniazidKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisPeruProspective StudiesRifampinSputumTuberculin TestTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryYoung AdultConceptsDrug-sensitive tuberculosisMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisHousehold contactsProspective cohort studySensitive tuberculosisTuberculosis infectionResistant tuberculosisCohort studyTuberculosis diseaseHigh riskDrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisIncident tuberculosis diseasePhenotypic drug resistanceDistrict Health CenterResistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisDrug-susceptible strainsDrug resistance profilesActive diseasePulmonary tuberculosisDisease progressionGuideline producersHealth centersIndex patientsEffective treatmentPatientsNotification of relapse and other previously treated tuberculosis in the 52 health districts of South Africa
Marx F, Cohen T, Lombard C, Hesseling A, Dlamini S, Beyers N, Naidoo P. Notification of relapse and other previously treated tuberculosis in the 52 health districts of South Africa. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2019, 23: 891-899. PMID: 31533878, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0609.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSouth African health districtTB casesCase notification ratesHealth districtTB burdenNotification ratesHigh case notification ratesHIV co-infection rateHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalenceTB case notification ratesAntenatal HIV prevalenceSecondary preventive therapyDrug-susceptible tuberculosisNew TB casesCo-infection rateTreatment history informationPreventive therapyMultivariable analysisHIV prevalenceSouth African districtPatient categoriesRelapseTuberculosisTreatment monitoringVirus prevalenceDisparities in access to diagnosis and care in Blantyre, Malawi, identified through enhanced tuberculosis surveillance and spatial analysis
MacPherson P, Khundi M, Nliwasa M, Choko AT, Phiri VK, Webb EL, Dodd PJ, Cohen T, Harris R, Corbett EL. Disparities in access to diagnosis and care in Blantyre, Malawi, identified through enhanced tuberculosis surveillance and spatial analysis. BMC Medicine 2019, 17: 21. PMID: 30691470, PMCID: PMC6350280, DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1260-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB case notification ratesCase notification ratesCommunity health workersNotification ratesTB casesLow case detectionSingle sputum sampleInverse care lawArea-level factorsTB registrationTB clinicTB patientsClinical characteristicsTB diagnosisTuberculosis casesResultsIn totalTB surveillanceCase detectionModifiable predictorsSputum samplesHealth workersTB officersTB microscopyAdjusted modelTuberculosis surveillance
2018
Spatially targeted screening to reduce tuberculosis transmission in high-incidence settings
Cudahy PGT, Andrews JR, Bilinski A, Dowdy DW, Mathema B, Menzies NA, Salomon JA, Shrestha S, Cohen T. Spatially targeted screening to reduce tuberculosis transmission in high-incidence settings. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2018, 19: e89-e95. PMID: 30554997, PMCID: PMC6401264, DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30443-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTuberculosis incidenceLow tuberculosis incidence settingsActive case-finding strategyHigh tuberculosis (TB) incidence countriesCase-finding strategyTuberculosis control strategiesHigh-incidence settingsInfectious causesIncidence settingsIncidence countriesTuberculosis transmissionTreatment outcomesActive screeningOnward transmissionSystematic reviewInfectious individualsInfectious periodTuberculosisIncidenceDeathCauseProximal causeHIVMixed resultsMortalityTrends in C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Fibrinogen during Therapy for HIV-Associated Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
Cudahy PGT, Warren JL, Cohen T, Wilson D. Trends in C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Fibrinogen during Therapy for HIV-Associated Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2018, 99: 1336-1341. PMID: 30226135, PMCID: PMC6221241, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0322.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsC-reactive proteinMulti-drug resistant tuberculosisD-dimerMedian C-reactive proteinSerum C-reactive proteinHigher baseline fibrinogenMDR-TB therapyHIV-positive adultsDrug-resistant tuberculosisHIV-positive participantsHigher CRP concentrationsEarly treatment modificationBaseline fibrinogenTreatment initiationResistant tuberculosisCRP concentrationsTreatment modificationTreatment outcomesTreatment responseHigh riskHigh mortalityNormal levelsOlder ageEarly responseFibrinogen