2024
Lung infections due to emerging fungal pathogens
Roman F, Pischel L, Azar M. Lung infections due to emerging fungal pathogens. Current Opinion In Pulmonary Medicine 2024, 30: 258-265. PMID: 38411158, DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001059.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndemic mycosesManagement of pulmonary infectionsFungal pathogensPathogenic fungiAntifungal prophylaxisBlastomyces speciesFungal infectionsFungal organismsAspergillus moldsEnvironmental changesImmunocompromised hostsPulmonary infectionTherapeutic challengeLung infectionMycosesClinical evidenceClinical managementIncreased incidencePulmonary diseaseEnlarged poolDisease burdenInfectionLomentosporaScedosporiumDiagnostic capabilities
2022
Antiviral Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia
Radcliffe C, Malinis M, Azar M. Antiviral Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia. Clinics In Chest Medicine 2022, 44: 279-297. PMID: 37085220, PMCID: PMC9701636, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.11.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectionSyndrome coronavirus 2 infectionCoronavirus diseaseCoronavirus 2 infectionDirect acting antiviralsAdditional clinical trialsReal-world studyCOVID-19Acting antiviralsAntiviral treatmentTherapeutic optionsAvailable therapiesClinical trialsDisease progressionInpatient treatmentHigh riskEarly pandemicMonoclonal antibodiesDiseaseTreatmentMorbidityPandemicPneumoniaOutpatients
2021
Nucleic Acid–based Testing for Noninfluenza Viral Pathogens in Adults with Suspected Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Evans SE, Jennerich AL, Azar MM, Cao B, Crothers K, Dickson RP, Herold S, Jain S, Madhavan A, Metersky ML, Myers LC, Oren E, Restrepo MI, Semret M, Sheshadri A, Wunderink RG, Dela Cruz CS. Nucleic Acid–based Testing for Noninfluenza Viral Pathogens in Adults with Suspected Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2021, 203: 1070-1087. PMID: 33929301, PMCID: PMC8314899, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202102-0498st.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCommunity-acquired pneumoniaNucleic acid-based testingClinical practice guidelinesRespiratory samplesPractice guidelinesViral pathogensOfficial American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice GuidelineAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectionEvidence-based clinical practice guidelinesSyndrome coronavirus 2 infectionAntibiotic use patternsCoronavirus 2 infectionGrading of RecommendationsRisk of biasOverall survivalPragmatic systematic reviewClinical recommendationsMultidisciplinary panelDiagnostic utilityEvidence reviewPopulation interventionsSystematic reviewInfluenzaRoutine diagnostics
2020
Added Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Metagenomics for the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Adults
Azar MM, Schlaberg R, Malinis MF, Bermejo S, Schwarz T, Xie H, Dela Cruz CS. Added Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Metagenomics for the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Adults. CHEST Journal 2020, 159: 1356-1371. PMID: 33217418, DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFinal clinical diagnosisDiagnostic yieldFungal pneumoniaImmunocompromised adultsMicrobiologic diagnosisAntimicrobial stewardshipMicrobiologic testingClinical diagnosisClinical metagenomicsCommunity-acquired pneumoniaStandard of careDiagnosis of pneumoniaAdult patientsRadiologic findingsBacterial pneumoniaBAL fluidProspective studyViral pneumoniaBacterial causePneumoniaDiagnostic utilityStudy designDiagnosisAdultsHypothetical impactEndemic Fungi Presenting as Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Review
Azar MM, Malo J, Hage CA. Endemic Fungi Presenting as Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Review. Seminars In Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2020, 41: 522-537. PMID: 32629490, DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702194.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCommunity-acquired pneumoniaCommon bacterial causeAreas of endemicityDimorphic fungal infectionsRespiratory manifestationsClinical presentationPulmonary histoplasmosisTreatment strategiesDiagnostic modalitiesBacterial causeEndemic areasFungal infectionsPneumoniaHistoplasma capsulatumHistoplasmosisCoccidioides posadasiiBlastomycosisCoccidioidomycosisEpidemiologyDimorphic fungusPresentingReviewPathogenesisInfectionDiagnosisCurrent Concepts in the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Histoplasmosis Syndromes
Azar MM, Loyd JL, Relich RF, Wheat LJ, Hage CA. Current Concepts in the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Histoplasmosis Syndromes. Seminars In Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2020, 41: 013-030. PMID: 32000281, DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1698429.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisseminated diseaseCurrent evidence-based approachesProgressive disseminated diseaseCommon clinical presentationCommunity-acquired pneumoniaChronic pulmonary diseaseSelf-limiting diseaseLiposomal amphotericin BManagement of histoplasmosisEvidence-based approachHistoplasmosis syndromeImmunocompetent patientsPulmonary diseaseClinical presentationCrohn's diseasePreferred agentClinical manifestationsCommon conditionMilder casesAmphotericin BHistoplasmosisAmphotericin B.DiseaseEpidemiologyGlobal diseaseCase 2-2020: A 64-Year-Old Man with Fever and Respiratory Failure
Azar MM, Muse VV, Villalba JA, Turbett SE. Case 2-2020: A 64-Year-Old Man with Fever and Respiratory Failure. New England Journal Of Medicine 2020, 382: 276-285. PMID: 31940703, DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1913468.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryAnti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated VasculitisBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidCoccidioidomycosisDiagnosis, DifferentialFatal OutcomeFeverGlomerulonephritisHeart FailureHumansLungLung Diseases, FungalMaleMiddle AgedMyocardiumPneumoniaRadiography, ThoracicRespiratory Insufficiency
2015
Histoplasmosis: Up-to-Date Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Management
Hage CA, Azar MM, Bahr N, Loyd J, Wheat LJ. Histoplasmosis: Up-to-Date Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Management. Seminars In Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2015, 36: 729-745. PMID: 26398539, DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562899.BooksConceptsMost patientsPulmonary diseaseAcute pulmonary diseaseChronic cavitary pneumoniaCommon endemic mycosisProgressive disseminated diseaseCommon clinical presentationCommunity-acquired pneumoniaChronic pulmonary diseaseEvaluation of patientsLiposomal amphotericin BDate evidence-based approachGranulomatous inflammatory diseaseDiagnosis of histoplasmosisEvidence-based approachMediastinal manifestationsCavitary pneumoniaDisseminated diseaseClinical presentationCrohn's diseasePreferred agentClinical syndromeAnaerobic infectionsInflammatory diseasesEndemic mycosis