2023
Pathological response in mucinous carcinoma of breast after neoadjuvant therapy - a multi-institutional study
Zhan H, Fineberg S, Podany P, Zeng J, Wang Y, Harigopal M, Singh K. Pathological response in mucinous carcinoma of breast after neoadjuvant therapy - a multi-institutional study. Human Pathology 2023, 142: 15-19. PMID: 37972873, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.10.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeoadjuvant endocrine therapyResidual tumour cellularityNeoadjuvant chemotherapyNeoadjuvant therapyMucinous carcinomaPathologic responseEndocrine therapyPathological responseMucin poolsBreast cancerEstrogen receptorTumor cellularityAcellular mucin poolsFavorable histologic subtypePreoperative adjuvant therapyRetrospective cohort studyComplete pathologic responseInvasive breast cancerNET groupMulti-institutional studyNeoadjuvant HER2Adjuvant therapyMC patientsCohort studyPathologic reviewThe correlation of ESR1 genetic aberrations with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status in metastatic and primary estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinomas
Moreira-Dinzey J, Zhan H, Rozenblit M, Krishnamurti U, Harigopal M, Zhong M, Liang Y. The correlation of ESR1 genetic aberrations with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status in metastatic and primary estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinomas. Human Pathology 2023, 137: 56-62. PMID: 37127079, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.04.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMetastatic tumorsBreast carcinomaGenetic aberrationsPR statusPrimary tumorBreast cancerControl groupER/PR statusEstrogen receptor-positive breast carcinomasER-positive breast cancerER positivity rateMetastatic breast cancerProgesterone receptor statusMetastatic breast carcinomaMore liver metastasesPrimary breast carcinomaWild-type groupEstrogen receptor 1 geneReceptor 1 geneWild-type controlsLiver metastasesReceptor statusClinicopathological featuresER expressionControl tumorsMulti-institutional Assessment of Pathologist Scoring HER2 Immunohistochemistry
Robbins C, Fernandez A, Han G, Wong S, Harigopal M, Podoll M, Singh K, Ly A, Kuba M, Wen H, Sanders M, Brock J, Wei S, Fadare O, Hanley K, Jorns J, Snir O, Yoon E, Rabe K, Soong T, Reisenbichler E, Rimm D. Multi-institutional Assessment of Pathologist Scoring HER2 Immunohistochemistry. Modern Pathology 2023, 36: 100032. PMID: 36788069, PMCID: PMC10278086, DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100032.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOverall percent agreementHuman epidermal growth factor 2HER2 IHCReal-world settingEpidermal growth factor 2HER2-negative statusBreast cancer biopsiesCompanion diagnostic testsMulti-institutional assessmentGrowth factor 2Breast cancerImmunohistochemistry assaysCancer biopsiesHER2 immunohistochemistryPathologist concordanceIHCClinical standardsPercent agreementDiagnostic testsSubstantial discordanceERBB2 geneInterrater reliabilityPathologistsFactor 2Concordance
2022
AMACR Expression is a Potential Diagnostic Marker in Apocrine Lesions of Breast, and is Associated with High Histologic Grade and Lymph Node Metastases in Some Invasive Apocrine Breast Cancers
Lerner G, Tang H, Singh K, Golestani R, St Claire S, Humphrey P, Lannin D, Janostiak R, Harigopal M. AMACR Expression is a Potential Diagnostic Marker in Apocrine Lesions of Breast, and is Associated with High Histologic Grade and Lymph Node Metastases in Some Invasive Apocrine Breast Cancers. Clinical Breast Cancer 2022, 23: 199-210. PMID: 36577560, DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.11.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive ductal carcinomaTriple-negative breast cancerHigh histologic gradeApocrine differentiationAMACR expressionEstrogen receptorApocrine DCISER-/PRHistologic gradeProgesterone receptorApocrine featuresBreast cancerHuman epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) statusLack of ERDistant metastasis-free survivalDiagnostic markerInitial N stageLack estrogen receptorApocrine breast cancerLymph node metastasisNegative breast cancerAndrogen receptor mRNACoA racemase expressionBenign breast tissueBreast cancer cohortPD-L1 protein expression in relation to recurrence score values in early-stage ER + breast cancer
Rozenblit M, Blenman K, Harigopal M, Reisenbichler E, Singh K, Qing T, Ibrahim E, Ramkissoon S, Asmelash S, Lin HK, Roberts M, Ross J, Huang RSP, Pusztai L. PD-L1 protein expression in relation to recurrence score values in early-stage ER + breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research And Treatment 2022, 196: 221-227. PMID: 36028784, DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06712-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 positivityPD-L1 protein expressionPD-L1 expressionGrade 3 cancersPD-L1TIL scoreTumor gradeMultivariate analysisHigher PD-L1 positivityTumor-infiltrating lymphocyte countsConclusionPD-L1 expressionProtein expressionPD-L1 immunohistochemistryChi-square testResultsPD-L1T1 cancersLymphocyte countT3 tumorsIndependent predictorsTumor sizeLarge tumorsPositivity rateCell positivityBreast cancerGrade 2Increased Expression of LEF1 and β-Catenin in Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast is Associated With Lymphovascular Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis
Dolezal D, Zhang X, Harigopal M. Increased Expression of LEF1 and β-Catenin in Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast is Associated With Lymphovascular Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis. Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology 2022, 30: 557-565. PMID: 35960138, DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001052.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive micropapillary breast carcinomaLymph node metastasisLymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1Lymphovascular invasionNode metastasisNodal metastasisPrimary tumorΒ-cateninBreast tumorsRare breast cancer subtypeSmall tumor cell clustersLEF1 expressionMicropapillary breast carcinomaAggressive breast tumorsBasal-like carcinomasInvasive micropapillary carcinomaΒ-catenin expression levelsBreast cancer subtypesΒ-catenin expressionTumor cell clustersEnhancer-binding factor 1Disease relapseMicropapillary carcinomaBreast carcinomaHigh incidenceFurther Characterization of Clinicopathologic Features of Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis
Liang Y, Zhan H, Krishnamurti U, Harigopal M, Sun T. Further Characterization of Clinicopathologic Features of Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2022, 158: 488-493. PMID: 35899981, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac074.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitisGranulomatous mastitisClinicopathologic characteristicsClinicopathologic featuresHigher Breast Imaging ReportingUnique infectious diseaseHospital-based cohortDistinct clinicopathologic featuresMass-like lesionCase-control studyData System scoreBreast Imaging ReportingPainful lesionsRadiologic studiesClinicopathologic profileSystem scoreImaging ReportingDemographic featuresInfectious diseasesPatientsLesionsDiseaseMastitisFurther characterizationSmokersEvaluation of TRPS1 Expression in Pleural Effusion Cytology Specimens With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma
Wang M, Stendahl K, Cai G, Adeniran A, Harigopal M, Gilani SM. Evaluation of TRPS1 Expression in Pleural Effusion Cytology Specimens With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2022, 158: 416-425. PMID: 35760555, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac066.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTrichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1Breast originMetastatic carcinomaTRPS1 expressionBreast primaryBreast carcinomaPrimary siteMC casesMetastatic breast carcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaPleural effusion cytologySyndrome type 1Cell block materialStrong nuclear expressionEffusion cytology specimensCell carcinomaUrothelial carcinomaIHC panelMalignant melanomaLung adenocarcinomaIHC stainingPositive stainingCytology specimensCarcinomaEffusion cytologyCOVID-19 & differential effects in twins: Insights from Placenta Pathology
Moriarty K, Yu M, Hussain N, Zgutka K, Sanders MM, Harigopal M, Wang J, Wang X, Hui P, Liu C, Sink D, Shields A. COVID-19 & differential effects in twins: Insights from Placenta Pathology. Placenta 2022, 124: 62-66. PMID: 35640456, PMCID: PMC9121647, DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.05.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2Perinatal lossCOVID-19Adverse pregnancy outcomesMaternal-fetal interfaceTime of infectionDifferential effectsPregnancy outcomesPremature deliveryFetal interfaceGestational agePlacenta pathologyTwin pregnanciesMembranous expressionFemale fetusesFetal sexViral detection methodsViral receptorsFemale twinsTissue resultsPregnancyPlacentaTask ForceSuccumbedFetusesExamination of Low ERBB2 Protein Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue
Fernandez AI, Liu M, Bellizzi A, Brock J, Fadare O, Hanley K, Harigopal M, Jorns JM, Kuba MG, Ly A, Podoll M, Rabe K, Sanders MA, Singh K, Snir OL, Soong TR, Wei S, Wen H, Wong S, Yoon E, Pusztai L, Reisenbichler E, Rimm DL. Examination of Low ERBB2 Protein Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue. JAMA Oncology 2022, 8: 1-4. PMID: 35113160, PMCID: PMC8814969, DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.7239.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBreast cancer biopsiesT-DXdCancer biopsiesLarge randomized clinical trialsRandomized clinical trialsERBB2 protein expressionCentral pathology laboratoryBreast cancer tissuesAmerican Pathologists surveysStudy of concordanceTrastuzumab deruxtecanERBB2 positivityPatient populationClinical trialsScore 0Breast cancerImmunohistochemistry scoreCancer tissuesIHC assaysPatientsPathology laboratoryProtein expressionBiopsyIHCConcordanceConcordance in Breast Cancer Grading by Artificial Intelligence on Whole Slide Images Compares With a Multi-Institutional Cohort of Breast Pathologists.
Mantrala S, Ginter PS, Mitkari A, Joshi S, Prabhala H, Ramachandra V, Kini L, Idress R, D'Alfonso TM, Fineberg S, Jaffer S, Sattar AK, Chagpar AB, Wilson P, Singh K, Harigopal M, Koka D. Concordance in Breast Cancer Grading by Artificial Intelligence on Whole Slide Images Compares With a Multi-Institutional Cohort of Breast Pathologists. Archives Of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 2022, 146: 1369-1377. PMID: 35271701, DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0299-oa.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhole slide imagingArtificial intelligenceNottingham grading systemDigital whole slide imagingVirtual microscopyBreast cancer gradingWhole slide imagesDeep learningAI methodologiesExplainable methodsDigital pathologySlide imagesCancer gradingMulti-institutional groupIntelligenceLearningImagesImportant criteriaFrameworkAdvent
2021
EZH2 Protein Expression in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: An Exploratory Study of Association With Tumor Response and Prognosis
Fineberg S, Tian X, Makower D, Harigopal M, Lo Y. EZH2 Protein Expression in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: An Exploratory Study of Association With Tumor Response and Prognosis. Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology 2021, 30: 157-164. PMID: 35262520, DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000998.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTriple-negative breast cancerResidual cancer burdenNeoadjuvant chemotherapyEZH2 protein expressionEZH2 expressionBreast cancerHigh-risk triple negative breast cancerLogistic regressionContinuous variablesStratification of outcomesDisease-free survivalProtein expressionTumor-infiltrating lymphocytesHigh EZH2 expressionMultivariable logistic regressionRisk of relapseDevelopment of metastasesLogistic regression analysisPretherapy biopsiesDisease recurrenceMetastatic recurrenceClinicopathologic featuresCancer burdenTumor responseCore biopsyApocrine Breast Cancer: Unique Features of a Predominantly Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Saridakis A, Berger ER, Harigopal M, Park T, Horowitz N, Le Blanc J, Zanieski G, Chagpar A, Greenup R, Golshan M, Lannin DR. Apocrine Breast Cancer: Unique Features of a Predominantly Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Annals Of Surgical Oncology 2021, 28: 5610-5616. PMID: 34426884, DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10518-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBreast cancer-specific survivalCancer-specific survivalHigh-grade tumorsMolecular subtypesApocrine carcinomaBreast cancerBetter survivalHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2Epidermal growth factor receptor 2Triple-negative breast cancerRare breast cancerEnd Results (SEER) databaseGrowth factor receptor 2Triple-negative patientsTriple-negative cancersLow-grade tumorsFactor receptor 2Life table methodApocrine tumorsLuminal patientsWorse survivalClinicopathologic featuresResults databaseAggressive featuresReceptor 2
2020
Histologic grading of breast carcinoma: a multi-institution study of interobserver variation using virtual microscopy
Ginter PS, Idress R, D’Alfonso T, Fineberg S, Jaffer S, Sattar AK, Chagpar A, Wilson P, Harigopal M. Histologic grading of breast carcinoma: a multi-institution study of interobserver variation using virtual microscopy. Modern Pathology 2020, 34: 701-709. PMID: 33077923, PMCID: PMC7987728, DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00698-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDiscordant anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and RNA staining in cutaneous perniotic lesions suggests endothelial deposition of cleaved spike protein
Ko CJ, Harigopal M, Gehlhausen JR, Bosenberg M, McNiff JM, Damsky W. Discordant anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and RNA staining in cutaneous perniotic lesions suggests endothelial deposition of cleaved spike protein. Journal Of Cutaneous Pathology 2020, 48: 47-52. PMID: 32895985, DOI: 10.1111/cup.13866.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 spike proteinCOVID toesEccrine epitheliumEndothelial cellsSkin biopsiesSpike proteinReverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testingSARS-CoV-2 antibodiesPolymerase chain reaction testingSARS-CoV-2 RNAPotential pathogenetic mechanismsPositive immunohistochemical labelingSARS-CoV-2Endothelial depositionPathogenetic mechanismsImmunohistochemical stainingReaction testingImmunohistochemical labelingEccrine glandsRNA ISHImmunohistochemistrySpike RNAGold standardTissue sectionsBiopsyEpithelium Involving Bilateral Axillary Lymph Nodes: Metastasis, Misplaced, or Mullerian!
Singh K, Sardana R, Quddus MR, Harigopal M. Epithelium Involving Bilateral Axillary Lymph Nodes: Metastasis, Misplaced, or Mullerian! International Journal Of Surgical Pathology 2020, 29: 284-288. PMID: 32924678, DOI: 10.1177/1066896920958121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSentinel lymph nodesBilateral axillary lymph nodesAxillary sentinel lymph nodesAxillary lymph nodesFrozen section examinationLymph nodesDifferential diagnosisEpithelial depositsSection examinationBreast cancer stagingNodal depositsCancer stagingHistological evaluationEpithelial restsEndosalpingiosisFirst caseDiagnosisEpitheliumExaminationMetastasisStagingMullerianPerniosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Negative anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunohistochemistry in six patients and comparison to perniosis before the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2
Ko CJ, Harigopal M, Damsky W, Gehlhausen JR, Bosenberg M, Patrignelli R, McNiff JM. Perniosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Negative anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunohistochemistry in six patients and comparison to perniosis before the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2. Journal Of Cutaneous Pathology 2020, 47: 997-1002. PMID: 32745281, PMCID: PMC7436569, DOI: 10.1111/cup.13830.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteinPerivascular lymphocytesImmunohistochemical stainingCOVID-19 pandemicSARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistryNucleocapsid proteinSARS-CoV-2Inflammatory lesionsHistopathologic findingsIntravascular occlusionMicroscopic findingsPerniosisIntravascular materialLymphocytesLesionsPatientsStainingPandemicSuch casesCuffingHistopathologyCasesImmunohistochemistryFindingsProteinSARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta
Hosier H, Farhadian SF, Morotti RA, Deshmukh U, Lu-Culligan A, Campbell KH, Yasumoto Y, Vogels C, Casanovas-Massana A, Vijayakumar P, Geng B, Odio CD, Fournier J, Brito AF, Fauver JR, Liu F, Alpert T, Tal R, Szigeti-Buck K, Perincheri S, Larsen C, Gariepy AM, Aguilar G, Fardelmann KL, Harigopal M, Taylor HS, Pettker CM, Wyllie AL, Dela Cruz CS, Ring AM, Grubaugh ND, Ko AI, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A, Reddy UM, Lipkind HS. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2020, 130: 4947-4953. PMID: 32573498, PMCID: PMC7456249, DOI: 10.1172/jci139569.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesMeSH KeywordsAbortion, TherapeuticAbruptio PlacentaeAdultBetacoronavirusCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19FemaleHumansMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionPandemicsPhylogenyPlacentaPneumonia, ViralPre-EclampsiaPregnancyPregnancy Complications, InfectiousPregnancy Trimester, SecondRNA, ViralSARS-CoV-2Viral LoadConceptsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2SARS-CoV-2 infectionRespiratory syndrome coronavirus 2SARS-CoV-2 invasionMaternal antibody responseSymptomatic COVID-19Second trimester pregnancySyndrome coronavirus 2Coronavirus disease 2019Materno-fetal interfaceDense macrophage infiltratesPlacental abruptionSevere preeclampsiaMacrophage infiltratesSevere morbidityTrimester pregnancyPregnant womenCoronavirus 2Antibody responseBackgroundThe effectsDisease 2019Histological examinationImmunohistochemical assaysPlacentaEnumeration and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells as an innovative tool for companion diagnostics in breast cancer
Harigopal M, Kowalski D, Vosoughi A. Enumeration and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells as an innovative tool for companion diagnostics in breast cancer. Expert Review Of Molecular Diagnostics 2020, 20: 815-828. PMID: 32546017, DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1784009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBreast cancerTumor cellsCTC enumerationCTC detectionCTC clustersMetastatic breast cancerBreast cancer patientsEnumeration of CTCsOverall survivalRisk stratificationMetastatic sitesPeripheral bloodCancer patientsCTC levelsClinical backgroundPrimary siteClinical useCancerTumor phenotypeCompanion diagnosticsTumor heterogeneityDistant sitesMolecular characterizationPatientsPredictive importanceHigh frequency of p16 and SOX10 coexpression but not androgen receptor expression in triple-negative breast cancers
Yoon EC, Wilson P, Zuo T, Pinto M, Cole K, Harigopal M. High frequency of p16 and SOX10 coexpression but not androgen receptor expression in triple-negative breast cancers. Human Pathology 2020, 102: 13-22. PMID: 32565323, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.06.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTriple-negative breast cancerNon-TNBC casesFrequency of p16TNBC casesAndrogen receptorBreast cancerTissue microarrayAggressive clinical courseAndrogen receptor expressionInvasive ductal carcinomaHistologic grade 3Basal-like breast cancer subtypeNovel prognostic markerBreast cancer subtypesExpression of p16Clinical courseCytokeratin 5/6Ductal carcinomaPrognostic markerReceptor expressionRoutine biomarkersSignificant statistical differenceClinical dataGrade 3Cancer subtypes