2023
A multicenter phase Ib trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms or acute myeloid leukemia refractory to hypomethylating agents
Bewersdorf J, Shallis R, Sharon E, Park S, Ramaswamy R, Roe C, Irish J, Caldwell A, Wei W, Yacoub A, Madanat Y, Zeidner J, Altman J, Odenike O, Yerrabothala S, Kovacsovics T, Podoltsev N, Halene S, Little R, Piekarz R, Gore S, Kim T, Zeidan A. A multicenter phase Ib trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms or acute myeloid leukemia refractory to hypomethylating agents. Annals Of Hematology 2023, 103: 105-116. PMID: 38036712, DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05552-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsHistone Deacetylase InhibitorsHumansLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteMyelodysplastic SyndromesConceptsDose-limiting toxicityAcute myeloid leukemiaMarrow complete remissionPhase Ib trialAdverse eventsIb trialDose escalationNCI Cancer Therapy Evaluation ProgramAcute myeloid leukemia refractoryHematologic adverse eventsProtocol-defined responseDose level 1Anti-PD1 therapyAnti-PD1 antibodyDose-escalation designLimited clinical efficacySystems immunology approachHistone deacetylase inhibitor entinostatLeukemia refractoryMCR patientsComplete remissionRespiratory failureSuppressor cellsEscalation designClinical efficacyWhen to use which molecular prognostic scoring system in the management of patients with MDS?
Kewan T, Bewersdorf J, Gurnari C, Xie Z, Stahl M, Zeidan A. When to use which molecular prognostic scoring system in the management of patients with MDS? Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology 2023, 36: 101517. PMID: 38092484, DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2023.101517.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsClinical Decision-MakingHumansLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteMutationMyelodysplastic SyndromesPrognosisConceptsInternational Prognostic Scoring SystemPrognostic scoring systemAcute myeloid leukemiaScoring systemRisk stratificationRecurrent molecular alterationsHigh-risk patientsAppropriate risk stratificationManagement of patientsRecurrent genetic mutationsIntensive therapyMyeloid leukemiaTreatment strategiesPrognostic toolDisease pathogenesisMolecular alterationsHematopoietic cancersClinical decisionHeterogeneous groupGenetic mutationsNext-generation sequencingPrognostic systemPatientsVariable propensitySubsequent revisionClassification, risk stratification and response assessment in myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS): A state-of-the-art report on behalf of the International Consortium for MDS (icMDS)
Stahl M, Bewersdorf J, Xie Z, Porta M, Komrokji R, Xu M, Abdel-Wahab O, Taylor J, Steensma D, Starczynowski D, Sekeres M, Sanz G, Sallman D, Roboz G, Platzbecker U, Patnaik M, Padron E, Odenike O, Nimer S, Nazha A, Majeti R, Loghavi S, Little R, List A, Kim T, Hourigan C, Hasserjian R, Halene S, Griffiths E, Gore S, Greenberg P, Figueroa M, Fenaux P, Efficace F, DeZern A, Daver N, Churpek J, Carraway H, Buckstein R, Brunner A, Boultwood J, Borate U, Bejar R, Bennett J, Wei A, Santini V, Savona M, Zeidan A. Classification, risk stratification and response assessment in myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS): A state-of-the-art report on behalf of the International Consortium for MDS (icMDS). Blood Reviews 2023, 62: 101128. PMID: 37704469, DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101128.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsInternational consensus classificationResponse assessmentWorld Health Organization classificationPatient-centered careRisk assessment toolClinical outcomesRisk stratificationOrganization classificationCentered careTherapeutic benefitTherapeutic outcomesConsensus classificationResponse criteriaInternational ConsortiumNeoplasmsLife assessmentAssessment toolOutcomesReportAssessmentPrognosticationCareAn agenda to advance research in myelodysplastic syndromes: a TOP 10 priority list from the first international workshop in MDS
Stahl M, Abdel-Wahab O, Wei AH, Savona MR, Xu ML, Xie Z, Taylor J, Starczynowski D, Sanz GF, Sallman DA, Santini V, Roboz GJ, Patnaik MM, Padron E, Odenike O, Nazha A, Nimer SD, Majeti R, Little RF, Gore S, List AF, Kutchroo V, Komrokji RS, Kim TK, Kim N, Hourigan CS, Hasserjian RP, Halene S, Griffiths EA, Greenberg PL, Figueroa M, Fenaux P, Efficace F, DeZern AE, Della Porta MG, Daver NG, Churpek JE, Carraway HE, Brunner AM, Borate U, Bennett JM, Bejar R, Boultwood J, Loghavi S, Bewersdorf JP, Platzbecker U, Steensma DP, Sekeres MA, Buckstein RJ, Zeidan AM. An agenda to advance research in myelodysplastic syndromes: a TOP 10 priority list from the first international workshop in MDS. Blood Advances 2023, 7: 2709-2714. PMID: 36260702, PMCID: PMC10333740, DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008747.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsEvolution of Therapeutic Benefit Measurement Criteria in Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms
Stempel J, Xie Z, Bewersdorf J, Stahl M, Zeidan A. Evolution of Therapeutic Benefit Measurement Criteria in Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms. The Cancer Journal 2023, 29: 203-211. PMID: 37195777, DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000666.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsInternational Working Group response criteriaResponse criteriaPhase III clinical trialsIWG 2006 criteriaRisk of progressionPatient-focused outcomesClonal myeloid neoplasmsAcute myeloid leukemiaTherapeutic response assessmentPatient-centered responsesNovel drug developmentHematologic recoveryProgressive cytopeniasClinical trialsIWG criteriaLong-term benefitsMyeloid leukemiaIneffective hematopoiesisMyeloid neoplasmsResponse assessmentDisease severityNovel Approaches and Future Directions in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Treatment
Bewersdorf J, Xie Z, Zeidan A. Novel Approaches and Future Directions in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Treatment. The Cancer Journal 2023, 29: 195-202. PMID: 37195776, DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000658.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsHigh-risk MDS patientsInternational Prognostic Scoring SystemPhase III clinical trialsErythropoiesis-stimulating agentsPrognostic scoring systemRisk stratification toolAdvanced clinical testingStandard of careAcute myeloid leukemiaTelomerase inhibitor imetelstatEncouraging early resultsMyelodysplastic Syndromes TreatmentAnemic patientsAgent monotherapyMDS patientsStratification toolSyndrome treatmentCombination therapyDysplastic changesClinical trialsMyeloid leukemiaTreatment decisionsClonal disorderTreatment selectionClinical testingCurrent landscape of translational and clinical research in myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS): Proceedings from the 1st International Workshop on MDS (iwMDS) Of the International Consortium for MDS (icMDS)
Bewersdorf J, Xie Z, Bejar R, Borate U, Boultwood J, Brunner A, Buckstein R, Carraway H, Churpek J, Daver N, Porta M, DeZern A, Fenaux P, Figueroa M, Gore S, Griffiths E, Halene S, Hasserjian R, Hourigan C, Kim T, Komrokji R, Kuchroo V, List A, Loghavi S, Majeti R, Odenike O, Patnaik M, Platzbecker U, Roboz G, Sallman D, Santini V, Sanz G, Sekeres M, Stahl M, Starczynowski D, Steensma D, Taylor J, Abdel-Wahab O, Xu M, Savona M, Wei A, Zeidan A. Current landscape of translational and clinical research in myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS): Proceedings from the 1st International Workshop on MDS (iwMDS) Of the International Consortium for MDS (icMDS). Blood Reviews 2023, 60: 101072. PMID: 36934059, DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101072.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCell- and Tissue-Based TherapyEpigenomicsHumansMyelodysplastic SyndromesNeoplasmsProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsSpecific molecular alterationsNovel animal modelInnate immune systemCheckpoint inhibitorsImmune dysregulationMDS patientsClinical trialsNovel therapiesTherapeutic strategiesAnimal modelsGermline predispositionImmune systemMolecular alterationsClinical researchInternational ConsortiumNeoplasmsClinical workGenetic landscapeInternational WorkshopPatientsCurrent landscapePathogenesisTherapyDiseaseWhy do we not have more drugs approved for MDS? A critical viewpoint on novel drug development in MDS
Frumm S, Shimony S, Stone R, DeAngelo D, Bewersdorf J, Zeidan A, Stahl M. Why do we not have more drugs approved for MDS? A critical viewpoint on novel drug development in MDS. Blood Reviews 2023, 60: 101056. PMID: 36805300, DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101056.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsMyelodysplastic syndromeDNA methyltransferase inhibitorLow risk (LR) MDSHigh-risk myelodysplastic syndromeHigh transfusion needsRisk myelodysplastic syndromesCurrent treatment landscapeErythropoiesis-stimulating agentsNovel drug developmentHR-MDSTreatment landscapeTransfusion needsTargetable mutationsClinical trialsMDS pathogenesisNew agentsRing sideroblastsMore drugsUnmet needTherapy developmentDrug developmentMethyltransferase inhibitorFactor mutationsApprovalInflammationConsensus proposal for revised International Working Group 2023 response criteria for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Zeidan A, Platzbecker U, Bewersdorf J, Stahl M, Adès L, Borate U, Bowen D, Buckstein R, Brunner A, Carraway H, Daver N, Díez-Campelo M, de Witte T, DeZern A, Efficace F, Garcia-Manero G, Garcia J, Germing U, Giagounidis A, Griffiths E, Hasserjian R, Hellström-Lindberg E, Iastrebner M, Komrokji R, Kulasekararaj A, Malcovati L, Miyazaki Y, Odenike O, Santini V, Sanz G, Scheinberg P, Stauder R, van de Loosdrecht A, Wei A, Sekeres M, Fenaux P. Consensus proposal for revised International Working Group 2023 response criteria for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2023, 141: 2047-2061. PMID: 36724453, DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018604.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsConsensusHematologyHumansMyelodysplastic SyndromesOutcome Assessment, Health CareTreatment OutcomeConceptsHigh-risk MDSComplete remissionResponse criteriaInternational Working GroupClinical trialsHigh-risk myelodysplastic syndromeEnd pointMarrow complete remissionPartial hematologic recoveryClinical end pointsPatient-centered outcomesNovel investigational drugsVariable clinical presentationEvent end pointsHemoglobin thresholdHematologic recoveryCount recoveryClinical presentationClinical benefitMyelodysplastic syndromeIWG criteriaMyelodysplastic neoplasmsConsensus recommendationsInvestigational drugsNew agents
2022
Prognostic implications of mono-hit and multi-hit TP53 alterations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes treated with azacitidine-based therapy
Zeidan A, Bewersdorf J, Hasle V, Shallis R, Thompson E, de Menezes D, Rose S, Boss I, Halene S, Haferlach T, Fox B. Prognostic implications of mono-hit and multi-hit TP53 alterations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes treated with azacitidine-based therapy. Leukemia 2022, 37: 240-243. PMID: 36437356, DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01766-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticAzacitidineHumansLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteMyelodysplastic SyndromesPrognosisTumor Suppressor Protein p53Finding consistency in classifications of myeloid neoplasms: a perspective on behalf of the International Workshop for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Zeidan AM, Bewersdorf JP, Buckstein R, Sekeres MA, Steensma DP, Platzbecker U, Loghavi S, Boultwood J, Bejar R, Bennett JM, Borate U, Brunner AM, Carraway H, Churpek JE, Daver NG, Della Porta M, DeZern AE, Efficace F, Fenaux P, Figueroa ME, Greenberg P, Griffiths EA, Halene S, Hasserjian RP, Hourigan CS, Kim N, Kim TK, Komrokji RS, Kutchroo V, List AF, Little RF, Majeti R, Nazha A, Nimer SD, Odenike O, Padron E, Patnaik MM, Roboz GJ, Sallman DA, Sanz G, Stahl M, Starczynowski DT, Taylor J, Xie Z, Xu M, Savona MR, Wei AH, Abdel-Wahab O, Santini V. Finding consistency in classifications of myeloid neoplasms: a perspective on behalf of the International Workshop for Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Leukemia 2022, 36: 2939-2946. PMID: 36266326, DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01724-9.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsPhase 1 study of anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody CC-90002 in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Zeidan AM, DeAngelo DJ, Palmer J, Seet CS, Tallman MS, Wei X, Raymon H, Sriraman P, Kopytek S, Bewersdorf JP, Burgess MR, Hege K, Stock W. Phase 1 study of anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody CC-90002 in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Annals Of Hematology 2022, 101: 557-569. PMID: 34981142, PMCID: PMC9414073, DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04734-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnti-drug antibodiesAcute myeloid leukemiaDose-limiting toxicityRefractory acute myeloid leukemiaHigh-risk myelodysplastic syndromeMyelodysplastic syndromeMyeloid leukemiaCommon treatment-emergent adverse eventsTreatment-emergent adverse eventsADA-positive patientsPhase 2 dosePresence/frequencyUnexpected safety findingsPhase 1 studyAnti-CD47 antibodyCD47-SIRPα interactionMacrophage-mediated killingHematological cancer cell linesFebrile neutropeniaMonotherapy activityCancer cell linesPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsAdverse eventsObjective response
2021
Hypomethylating Agents and FLT3 Inhibitors As Maintenance Treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bewersdorf JP, Allen C, Mirza AS, Grimshaw AA, Giri S, Podoltsev NA, Gowda L, Cho C, Tallman MS, Zeidan AM, Stahl M. Hypomethylating Agents and FLT3 Inhibitors As Maintenance Treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Transplantation And Cellular Therapy 2021, 27: 997.e1-997.e11. PMID: 34551341, PMCID: PMC9533376, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.09.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsFms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3Graft vs Host DiseaseHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationHumansLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteMyelodysplastic SyndromesProtein Kinase InhibitorsConceptsAcute myeloid leukemiaRelapse-free survivalMaintenance therapyMyelodysplastic syndromeFLT3 inhibitorsAllo-HCTHazard ratioMaintenance treatmentClinical trialsMyeloid leukemiaAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantationControl groupSystematic reviewAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantMeasurable residual disease statusHematopoietic stem cell transplantationMeasurable residual disease testingNon-relapse mortalityHematopoietic cell transplantPre-emptive treatmentResidual disease statusStem cell transplantationFavorable safety profileSame patient cohortRandom-effects modelThe development and clinical use of oral hypomethylating agents in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: dawn of the total oral therapy era
Schiffer M, Zhao J, Johnson A, Lee J, Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM. The development and clinical use of oral hypomethylating agents in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: dawn of the total oral therapy era. Expert Review Of Anticancer Therapy 2021, 21: 989-1002. PMID: 33853476, DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1918002.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsAdministration, OralAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticAzacitidineDecitabineHumansLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteLeukemia, Myelomonocytic, ChronicMyelodysplastic SyndromesConceptsChronic myelomonocytic leukemiaAcute myeloid leukemiaMyelodysplastic syndromeMyeloid leukemiaMyelomonocytic leukemiaHypomethylating agentAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantPost-transplant maintenance therapyAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatmentHematopoietic cell transplantHigh-risk MDSMyeloid leukemia treatmentPotential combination therapyCC-486Induction chemotherapyOral azacitidineTherapy eraMaintenance therapyOral agentsAdult patientsCell transplantClinical benefitMaintenance treatmentCombination therapyPredictive biomarkersClinical effectiveness of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and lenalidomide in older patients with refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts: a population-based study in the United States
Wang X, Zeidan AM, Wang R, Bewersdorf JP, Zhang C, Podoltsev NA, Huntington SF, Gore SD, Ma X. Clinical effectiveness of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and lenalidomide in older patients with refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts: a population-based study in the United States. Leukemia & Lymphoma 2021, 62: 2438-2447. PMID: 33899659, DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1913142.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPopulation-based studyDNA methyltransferase inhibitorRARS patientsRefractory anemiaRing sideroblastsRed blood cell transfusion independenceEnd Results-Medicare databaseLower-risk myelodysplastic syndromesPopulation-based cohortMethyltransferase inhibitorRBC-TIMedian durationMedian survivalOlder patientsTransfusion independenceTreatment initiationMyelodysplastic syndromeClinical effectivenessBetter survivalLenalidomideTreatment groupsPatientsRS statusOlder adultsAnemiaManagement of patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes after failure of hypomethylating agents: What is on the horizon?
Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM. Management of patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes after failure of hypomethylating agents: What is on the horizon? Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology 2021, 34: 101245. PMID: 33762100, DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2021.101245.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntineoplastic AgentsAzacitidineDNA MethylationEnzyme InhibitorsHumansMyelodysplastic SyndromesRemission InductionTreatment OutcomeConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsHigh-risk myelodysplastic syndromeHMA failureMyelodysplastic syndromeAgent azacitidineSalvage therapyNovel immune checkpoint inhibitorsEffective salvage therapyBCL-2 inhibitor venetoclaxCommon clinical dilemmaManagement of patientsStandard of careRationale drug developmentCheckpoint inhibitorsFrontline therapyMost patientsComplete responseMDS patientsFrontline settingFrontline treatmentShorter survivalClinical dilemmaInhibitor venetoclaxClinical testingPatients
2020
Randomized trials with checkpoint inhibitors in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: What have we learned so far and where are we heading?
Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM. Randomized trials with checkpoint inhibitors in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: What have we learned so far and where are we heading? Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology 2020, 33: 101222. PMID: 33279182, DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2020.101222.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteMyelodysplastic SyndromesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicConceptsAcute myeloid leukemiaRandomized clinical trialsMyelodysplastic syndromeClinical trialsCheckpoint inhibitorsMyeloid leukemiaRecent randomized clinical trialsRecent clinical trial dataEarly phase clinical trialsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsMultiple novel agentsClinical trial dataPhase clinical trialsClinical trial designSynergistic combination therapyImmunophenotypic biomarkersRandomized trialsCombination therapySolid malignanciesNovel agentsTrial designTrial dataNovel targetAvailable evidenceTrialsManagement of higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes after hypomethylating agents failure: are we about to exit the black hole?
Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM. Management of higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes after hypomethylating agents failure: are we about to exit the black hole? Expert Review Of Hematology 2020, 13: 1131-1142. PMID: 32876498, DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1819233.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntineoplastic AgentsBiomarkersCombined Modality TherapyDisease ManagementDisease SusceptibilityDNA MethylationDrug DevelopmentDrug Resistance, NeoplasmHumansMolecular Targeted TherapyMutationMyelodysplastic SyndromesPrognosisRemission InductionRetreatmentTreatment FailureTreatment OutcomeConceptsHigh-risk myelodysplastic syndromeHMA failureMyelodysplastic syndromeHR-MDS patientsRisk myelodysplastic syndromesMainstay of treatmentImmune pathogenesisMost patientsComplete responseImmune therapyAbysmal prognosisNovel agentsTherapeutic approachesTherapeutic conceptsImmune evasionTreatment approachesPatientsGenetic testingSyndromePathogenesisTreatmentMolecular mechanismsRecent studiesFailureAnnual MeetingGood but not good enough: Clinical trial participation of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM. Good but not good enough: Clinical trial participation of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer 2020, 126: 4664-4667. PMID: 32767670, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFollowing in the footsteps of acute myeloid leukemia: are we witnessing the start of a therapeutic revolution for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes?
Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM. Following in the footsteps of acute myeloid leukemia: are we witnessing the start of a therapeutic revolution for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes? Leukemia & Lymphoma 2020, 61: 2295-2312. PMID: 32421403, PMCID: PMC7670856, DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1761968.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsMeSH KeywordsAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticAzacitidineHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationHumansLeukemia, Myeloid, AcuteMyelodysplastic SyndromesConceptsHigh-risk myelodysplastic syndromeAcute myeloid leukemiaMyelodysplastic syndromeMyeloid leukemiaAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantationGenetic testingHematopoietic stem cell transplantationImmune checkpoint inhibitorsCurative treatment optionMainstay of therapyRecent therapeutic advancesStem cell transplantationCurrent treatment approachesAgent azacitidineCheckpoint inhibitorsMost patientsMDS patientsAvailable therapiesCell transplantationPatient subgroupsTreatment optionsTherapeutic advancesIDH inhibitorsIndividualized treatmentNew agents