Effort-Related Motivational Effects of the VMAT-2 Inhibitor Tetrabenazine: Implications for Animal Models of the Motivational Symptoms of Depression
Nunes E, Randall P, Hart E, Freeland C, Yohn S, Baqi Y, Müller C, López-Cruz L, Correa M, Salamone J. Effort-Related Motivational Effects of the VMAT-2 Inhibitor Tetrabenazine: Implications for Animal Models of the Motivational Symptoms of Depression. Journal Of Neuroscience 2013, 33: 19120-19130. PMID: 24305809, PMCID: PMC3850037, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2730-13.2013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenosine A2 Receptor AntagonistsAdrenergic Uptake InhibitorsAnimalsAntidepressive Agents, Second-GenerationBehavior, AnimalBupropionConditioning, OperantDepressionDisease Models, AnimalDopamineDopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32EnkephalinsFeeding BehaviorImmunohistochemistryMaleMicrodialysisMotivationNucleus AccumbensProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySubstance PTetrabenazineVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsXanthinesConceptsMotivational symptomsAnimal modelsEffort-related choice behaviorAdenosine A2A antagonist MSX-3Vesicular monoamine transport (VMAT-2) inhibitor tetrabenazineEffort-related motivational effectsEffort-related motivational symptomsAccumbens medium spiny neuronsVMAT-2 inhibitor tetrabenazineD2 DA receptorsDepression-like effectsDose-related decreaseMedium spiny neuronsEffects of tetrabenazineInhibitor tetrabenazineEffort-related choiceEffort-related effectsDA receptorsAntidepressant bupropionChow intakeMSX-3Spiny neuronsMajor depressionExtracellular dopamineFood intakeEffort-related motivational effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1-beta: studies with the concurrent fixed ratio 5/ chow feeding choice task
Nunes E, Randall P, Estrada A, Epling B, Hart E, Lee C, Baqi Y, Müller C, Correa M, Salamone J. Effort-related motivational effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1-beta: studies with the concurrent fixed ratio 5/ chow feeding choice task. Psychopharmacology 2013, 231: 727-736. PMID: 24136220, PMCID: PMC4468782, DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3285-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPro-inflammatory cytokines interleukinIL-1βMotivational symptomsEffort-related choice behaviorCytokines interleukinLow dosesEffort-related motivational effectsEffort-related motivational symptomsPro-inflammatory cytokinesLoss of appetiteInvolvement of cytokinesAdministration of cytokinesRatio 5 leverSame dose rangeAdenosine A2A antagonistsEffort-related impairmentsCore body temperatureObjectivesThe present experimentsChow intakeMSX-3ResultsIL-1βAvailable chowFood intakeTendency of ratsA2A antagonists