2023
1538. Is there value in performing yearly screening for latent tuberculosis infection by interferon-gamma release assay among patients living with HIV in non-endemic settings?
Palacios C, Achhra A, Barakat L, Virata M, Hao R, Baxter J, Malinis M. 1538. Is there value in performing yearly screening for latent tuberculosis infection by interferon-gamma release assay among patients living with HIV in non-endemic settings? Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2023, 10: ofad500.1373. PMCID: PMC10678242, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad500.1373.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInterferon-gamma release assaysLatent tuberculosis infectionNew latent tuberculosis infectionsTuberculin skin testingNon-endemic settingRisk factorsCD4 countTuberculosis infectionCurrent guidelinesGroup APositive interferon-gamma release assaysHigher HIV viral loadUrban academic medical centerChest imaging resultsLow CD4 countTB exposure riskTB risk factorsCells/mm3HIV viral loadRetrospective chart reviewFeatures of patientsRisk of reactivationInterferon-gamma releaseCommon risk factorsAcademic medical center
2015
Short‐term weight gain after antiretroviral therapy initiation and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: the D:A:D study
Achhra A, Mocroft A, Reiss P, Sabin C, Ryom L, de Wit S, Smith C, Monforte A, Phillips A, Weber R, Lundgren J, Law, Group T. Short‐term weight gain after antiretroviral therapy initiation and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: the D:A:D study. HIV Medicine 2015, 17: 255-268. PMID: 26216031, DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12294.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexIncidence rate ratiosCardiovascular diseaseART initiationBMI categoriesHistory of CVDAntiretroviral therapy initiationRisk of diabetesTreatment-naïve individualsMain exposure variableLong-term riskPoisson regression modelsDiabetes eventsCD4 countCVD eventsTherapy initiationAdverse eventsCardiometabolic outcomesCohort studyMass indexRisk factorsSubsequent riskNormal rangeDiabetesExposure variablesPre‐therapy inflammation and coagulation activation and long‐term CD4 count responses to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Achhra A, Phillips A, Emery S, MacArthur R, Furrer H, De Wit S, Losso M, Law, groups I. Pre‐therapy inflammation and coagulation activation and long‐term CD4 count responses to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. HIV Medicine 2015, 16: 449-454. PMID: 25959989, PMCID: PMC5676307, DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12258.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCD4 count responseBaseline CD4 countC-reactive proteinCD4 countART initiationClinical outcomesCoagulation activationBiomarker levelsInterleukin-6Therapy trialsMedian baseline CD4 countAntiretroviral Therapy (SMART) trialFirst-line ARTInflammatory marker levelsHIV-positive individualsLong-term CD4CD4 count measurementCD4 responseART-naïveCent of individualsStudy armsD-dimerCount responseMean ageMarker levelsKidney disease in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐positive adults with high CD4 counts: prevalence and predictors of kidney disease at enrolment in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial
Achhra A, Mocroft A, Ross M, Ryom L, Lucas G, Furrer H, Neuhaus J, Somboonwit C, Kelly M, Gatell J, Wyatt C, Group I. Kidney disease in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐positive adults with high CD4 counts: prevalence and predictors of kidney disease at enrolment in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial. HIV Medicine 2015, 16: 55-63. PMID: 25711324, PMCID: PMC4341947, DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12234.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic kidney diseaseCD4 cell countPrevalence of CKDART-naïve adultsGlomerular filtration rateUrine proteinCell countAntiretroviral therapyBaseline characteristicsKidney diseaseFiltration rateHigher CD4 cell countsTraditional CKD risk factorsCKD risk factorsHigher CD4 countsCells/μLCells/μL.AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) studyClinical trial participantsRace/ethnicityCD4 countHIV infectionRisk factorsLow prevalenceTrial participants