2022
Macrophage-Derived 25-Hydroxycholesterol Promotes Vascular Inflammation, Atherogenesis, and Lesion Remodeling
Canfrán-Duque A, Rotllan N, Zhang X, Andrés-Blasco I, Thompson B, Sun J, Price N, Fernández-Fuertes M, Fowler J, Gómez-Coronado D, Sessa W, Giannarelli C, Schneider R, Tellides G, McDonald J, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y. Macrophage-Derived 25-Hydroxycholesterol Promotes Vascular Inflammation, Atherogenesis, and Lesion Remodeling. Circulation 2022, 147: 388-408. PMID: 36416142, PMCID: PMC9892282, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059062.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLipid-loaded macrophagesLineage-tracing mouse modelsSREBP transcriptional activityCholesterol biosynthetic intermediatesWestern diet feedingAccessible cholesterolDifferent macrophage populationsTranscriptomic analysisKey immune regulatorsPlasma membraneAtherosclerosis progressionImmune activationTranscriptional activityGene expressionDiet feedingInflammatory responseMouse bone marrowLiver X receptorBiosynthetic intermediatesSterol metabolismApoptosis susceptibilityToll-like receptor 4Proinflammatory gene expressionHuman coronary atherosclerotic lesionsMouse atherosclerotic plaques
2021
Desmosterol suppresses macrophage inflammasome activation and protects against vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis
Zhang X, McDonald JG, Aryal B, Canfrán-Duque A, Goldberg EL, Araldi E, Ding W, Fan Y, Thompson BM, Singh AK, Li Q, Tellides G, Ordovás-Montanes J, García Milian R, Dixit VD, Ikonen E, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Desmosterol suppresses macrophage inflammasome activation and protects against vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2021, 118: e2107682118. PMID: 34782454, PMCID: PMC8617522, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107682118.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCholesterol biosynthetic intermediatesBiosynthetic intermediatesDependent inflammasome activationSingle-cell transcriptomicsMitochondrial reactive oxygen species productionFoam cell formationMacrophage foam cellsReactive oxygen species productionHuman coronary artery lesionsConversion of desmosterolTranscriptomic analysisMacrophage cholesterol metabolismPhysiological contextOxygen species productionLiver X receptor ligandsApoptosis-associated speck-like proteinRetinoid X receptor activationX receptor ligandsInflammasome activationAtherosclerotic plaquesSpeck-like proteinCholesterol homeostasisMacrophage inflammasome activationKey moleculesCell formationMMAB promotes negative feedback control of cholesterol homeostasis
Goedeke L, Canfrán-Duque A, Rotllan N, Chaube B, Thompson BM, Lee RG, Cline GW, McDonald JG, Shulman GI, Lasunción MA, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. MMAB promotes negative feedback control of cholesterol homeostasis. Nature Communications 2021, 12: 6448. PMID: 34750386, PMCID: PMC8575900, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26787-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAlkyl and Aryl TransferasesAnimalsCell Line, TumorCholesterolCholesterol, LDLFeedback, PhysiologicalGene Expression ProfilingHeLa CellsHep G2 CellsHomeostasisHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesLiverMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutPromoter Regions, GeneticReceptors, LDLRNA InterferenceSterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2ConceptsCholesterol biosynthesisCholesterol homeostasisMouse hepatic cell lineIntegrative genomic strategyIntricate regulatory networkMaster transcriptional regulatorCellular cholesterol levelsHMGCR activityLDL-cholesterol uptakeCholesterol levelsHuman hepatic cellsSterol contentGenomic strategiesTranscriptional regulatorsRegulatory networksIntracellular cholesterol levelsGene expressionUnexpected roleHepatic cell linesBiosynthesisMMABIntracellular levelsCell linesHomeostasisExpression of SREBP2MicroRNA regulation of cholesterol metabolism
Citrin KM, Fernández‐Hernando C, Suárez Y. MicroRNA regulation of cholesterol metabolism. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 2021, 1495: 55-77. PMID: 33521946, PMCID: PMC8938903, DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14566.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDifferent cell typesCell typesMultiple mRNA targetsCholesterol homeostasisSmall noncoding RNAsMicroRNA activityCholesterol-laden cellsMicroRNA regulationCholesterol metabolismMRNA targetsNoncoding RNAsPosttranscriptional levelGene expressionSpecialized functionsMicroRNAsCurrent knowledgeTarget interactionsHomeostasisMetabolismPathwayExpressionMultiple stagesRNARegulationDistinctive effectsLoss of hepatic miR-33 improves metabolic homeostasis and liver function without altering body weight or atherosclerosis
Price NL, Zhang X, Fernández-Tussy P, Singh AK, Burnap SA, Rotllan N, Goedeke L, Sun J, Canfrán-Duque A, Aryal B, Mayr M, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Loss of hepatic miR-33 improves metabolic homeostasis and liver function without altering body weight or atherosclerosis. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2021, 118: e2006478118. PMID: 33495342, PMCID: PMC7865172, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006478118.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMiR-33 deficiencyHDL-C levelsMiR-33Body weightAtherosclerotic plaque sizeAtherosclerotic plaque burdenDevelopment of fibrosisCholesterol transport capacityCholesterol transporter ABCA1High-density lipoprotein biogenesisSREBP2 transcription factorKnockout mouse modelConditional knockout mouse modelPlaque burdenCardiometabolic diseasesChow dietLiver functionMetabolic dysfunctionHDL metabolismHyperlipidemic conditionsMouse modelGlucose homeostasisCholesterol effluxLipid metabolismObesity
2019
Specific Disruption of Abca1 Targeting Largely Mimics the Effects of miR-33 Knockout on Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux and Atherosclerotic Plaque Development
Price NL, Rotllan N, Zhang X, Canfrán-Duque A, Nottoli T, Suarez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Specific Disruption of Abca1 Targeting Largely Mimics the Effects of miR-33 Knockout on Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux and Atherosclerotic Plaque Development. Circulation Research 2019, 124: 874-880. PMID: 30707082, PMCID: PMC6417928, DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314415.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMacrophage cholesterol effluxAtherosclerotic plaque formationCholesterol effluxMiR-33Proatherogenic effectsABCA1 expressionBone marrowDeficient animalsPlaque formationMiR-33-deficient miceHigh-fat diet feedingHepatic ABCA1 expressionAtherosclerotic plaque burdenFat diet feedingDevelopment of obesityNovel mouse modelAtherosclerotic plaque developmentFoam cell formationPlaque burdenDeficient miceDiet feedingMetabolic dysfunctionSpecific disruptionMouse modelKnockout mice
2017
Genetic Dissection of the Impact of miR-33a and miR-33b during the Progression of Atherosclerosis
Price NL, Rotllan N, Canfrán-Duque A, Zhang X, Pati P, Arias N, Moen J, Mayr M, Ford DA, Baldán Á, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Genetic Dissection of the Impact of miR-33a and miR-33b during the Progression of Atherosclerosis. Cell Reports 2017, 21: 1317-1330. PMID: 29091769, PMCID: PMC5687841, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAortaAtherosclerosisATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Blood GlucoseCells, CulturedCholesterolCholesterol, HDLDisease ProgressionGene Regulatory NetworksMacrophages, PeritonealMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMicroRNAsMitochondrial Trifunctional Protein, beta SubunitMyocardiumReceptors, LDLConceptsPlaque burdenMiR-33MiR-33-deficient miceReduced plaque burdenProgression of atherosclerosisPro-atherogenic effectsMacrophage cholesterol effluxDecreases lipid accumulationTreatment of atherosclerosisMacrophage-specific lossMiR-33 deficiencyPromotes obesityHDL levelsInsulin resistancePlaque macrophagesProtective effectHyperlipidemic conditionsCholesterol effluxPlaque developmentLipid metabolismAtherosclerosisLipid accumulationHDL biogenesisPromising targetMacrophages
2015
miR-27b inhibits LDLR and ABCA1 expression but does not influence plasma and hepatic lipid levels in mice
Goedeke L, Rotllan N, Ramírez CM, Aranda JF, Canfrán-Duque A, Araldi E, Fernández-Hernando A, Langhi C, de Cabo R, Baldán Á, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. miR-27b inhibits LDLR and ABCA1 expression but does not influence plasma and hepatic lipid levels in mice. Atherosclerosis 2015, 243: 499-509. PMID: 26520906, PMCID: PMC4975922, DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords3' Untranslated RegionsAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAnimalsATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1BiomarkersChlorocebus aethiopsCholesterolComputational BiologyCOS CellsDatabases, GeneticDiet, High-FatGene Expression RegulationGene Regulatory NetworksHep G2 CellsHumansLiverMacaca mulattaMaleMice, Inbred C57BLMicroRNAsReceptors, LDLTime FactorsTransfectionTriglyceridesConceptsWild-type miceHepatic lipid levelsMiR-27b expressionLipid levelsHepatic lipidsABCA1 expressionMiR-27bWeeks of treatmentExpression of ABCA1Potential therapeutic targetABCA1 protein levelsCellular cholesterol effluxMiR-27b functionsMiR-27b overexpressionMouse hepatic cellsHepatic LDLRHepatic ABCA1Human hepatic Huh7 cellsHepatic cholesterolWestern dietCardiovascular diseaseTherapeutic administrationLDLR expressionTreatment groupsCholesterol effluxNeuregulin-activated ERBB4 induces the SREBP-2 cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and increases low-density lipoprotein uptake
Haskins JW, Zhang S, Means RE, Kelleher JK, Cline GW, Canfrán-Duque A, Suárez Y, Stern DF. Neuregulin-activated ERBB4 induces the SREBP-2 cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and increases low-density lipoprotein uptake. Science Signaling 2015, 8: ra111. PMID: 26535009, PMCID: PMC4666504, DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac5124.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCell Line, TumorCholesterolFemaleHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesLipoproteins, LDLMechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1Multiprotein ComplexesNeuregulin-1Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktReceptor, ErbB-4Receptors, LDLSterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2TOR Serine-Threonine KinasesConceptsIntracellular domainEGFR family membersLow-density lipoprotein uptakeCholesterol biosynthesisSREBP target genesRapamycin complex 1ErbB4 intracellular domainSite-1 proteaseCholesterol biosynthesis genesSoluble intracellular domainCholesterol biosynthetic pathwayActivation of ErbB4Mammary epithelial cellsInhibition of AktSterol regulatory elementBiosynthesis genesLipoprotein uptakeRegulatory elementsBiosynthetic pathwayTarget genesDevelopmental processesMetabolic remodelingMature formNeuregulin-1Cellular membranes
2014
Hematopoietic Akt2 deficiency attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis
Rodlan N, Chamorro‐Jorganes A, Araldi E, Wanschel AC, Aryal B, Aranda JF, Goedeke L, Salerno AG, Ramírez CM, Sessa WC, Suárez Y, Fernández‐Hernando C. Hematopoietic Akt2 deficiency attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis. The FASEB Journal 2014, 29: 597-610. PMID: 25392271, PMCID: PMC4314230, DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-262097.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAtherosclerosisBlood GlucoseBone Marrow CellsBone Marrow TransplantationCell MovementCholesterolCytokinesDisease ProgressionInflammationInsulinLeukocytesLipidsLipoproteins, LDLMacrophagesMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMicroscopy, ConfocalMicroscopy, FluorescencePlaque, AtheroscleroticProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktReceptors, LDLConceptsProgression of atherosclerosisSerine-threonine protein kinaseBone marrow cellsAkt2-deficient miceInsulin-responsive tissuesWild-type bone marrow cellsProtein kinaseMarrow cellsAkt2 deficiencyAkt2Higher plasma lipidsWild-type miceMice resultsProatherogenic cytokinesObese subjectsPlasma lipidsProinflammatory cytokinesInsulin resistanceInflammatory responseGlucose levelsAtherosclerotic plaquesCholesterol metabolismAtherosclerosisMacrophage migrationMarked reduction
2011
MicroRNA-758 Regulates Cholesterol Efflux Through Posttranscriptional Repression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1
Ramirez CM, Dávalos A, Goedeke L, Salerno AG, Warrier N, Cirera-Salinas D, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. MicroRNA-758 Regulates Cholesterol Efflux Through Posttranscriptional Repression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2011, 31: 2707-2714. PMID: 21885853, PMCID: PMC3298756, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.232066.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsATP-binding cassette transporter A1Cassette transporter A1Posttranscriptional regulationCellular cholesterol effluxUnbiased genome-wide screenMiR-758Cholesterol effluxGenome-wide screenExpression of ABCA1Cholesterol-loaded macrophagesIntracellular cholesterol accumulationPosttranscriptional repressionNovel miRNABioinformatics analysisMouse cellsMajor regulatorHuman cellsLuciferase reporterMacrophage cholesterol effluxMouse peritoneal macrophagesPeritoneal macrophagesABCA1 geneABCA1 expressionQuantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactionHigh-density lipoprotein levelsThe Role of MicroRNAs in Cholesterol Efflux and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism
Moore KJ, Rayner KJ, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. The Role of MicroRNAs in Cholesterol Efflux and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. Annual Review Of Nutrition 2011, 31: 49-63. PMID: 21548778, PMCID: PMC3612434, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-081810-160756.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGene expressionSterol response element-binding proteinMiR-33Fatty acid β-oxidationElement-binding proteinFatty acid homeostasisResponse element-binding proteinRole of microRNAsCholesterol effluxIntronic miRNALipid metabolismRNA bindsPosttranscriptional controlUntranslated regionAbundant miRNABiological processesElegant mechanismMiR-122Lipid homeostasisΒ-oxidationAcid homeostasisCell phenotypeMiRNAsHepatic lipid metabolismMicroRNAsmiR-33a/b contribute to the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and insulin signaling
Dávalos A, Goedeke L, Smibert P, Ramírez CM, Warrier NP, Andreo U, Cirera-Salinas D, Rayner K, Suresh U, Pastor-Pareja JC, Esplugues E, Fisher EA, Penalva LO, Moore KJ, Suárez Y, Lai EC, Fernández-Hernando C. miR-33a/b contribute to the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and insulin signaling. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2011, 108: 9232-9237. PMID: 21576456, PMCID: PMC3107310, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102281108.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFatty acid metabolismFatty acid oxidationMiR-33aInsulin receptor substrate 2Sirtuin 6Acid metabolismInsulin-signaling pathwayIntronic microRNAsSterol regulatory element-binding protein 2Acid oxidationHost genesKey enzymeHepatic cell linesMetabolic syndromeCarnitine palmitoyltransferase 1AMetabolic pathwaysSubstrate 2Cellular imbalanceProtein 2Cholesterol homeostasisGenesCell linesLevels of HDLPathwayMetabolism resultsMicroRNAs in lipid metabolism
Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y, Rayner KJ, Moore KJ. MicroRNAs in lipid metabolism. Current Opinion In Lipidology 2011, 22: 86-92. PMID: 21178770, PMCID: PMC3096067, DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283428d9d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCholesterolFatty AcidsHumansLipid MetabolismMicroRNAsSterol Regulatory Element Binding ProteinsConceptsFatty acid metabolismPotent post-transcriptional regulatorsLipid metabolismPost-transcriptional regulatorsCholesterol homeostasisMiR-33Multiple physiological processesAcid metabolismFatty acid degradationFatty acid β-oxidationLipid metabolism genesTiny RNAsTranscriptional regulationABC transportersMetabolism genesFatty acid oxidationHDL biogenesisPhysiological processesCell differentiationMiR-27MiRNAsΒ-oxidationMiR-335Cellular levelMiR-370
2010
microRNAs and cholesterol metabolism
Moore KJ, Rayner KJ, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. microRNAs and cholesterol metabolism. Trends In Endocrinology And Metabolism 2010, 21: 699-706. PMID: 20880716, PMCID: PMC2991595, DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.08.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersCholesterolHumansLipid MetabolismMicroRNAsModels, BiologicalConceptsPotent post-transcriptional regulatorsPost-transcriptional regulatorsMiR-33Non-coding RNALipid metabolism genesCholesterol metabolismTranscriptional regulationEpigenetic regulationFatty acid metabolismABC transportersMetabolism genesHDL biogenesisCellular levelCholesterol homeostasisMicroRNAsAcid metabolismImportant roleMiR-370Cholesterol effluxMetabolismMiR-122RegulationNew avenuesBiogenesisGenesMiR-33 Contributes to the Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis
Rayner KJ, Suárez Y, Dávalos A, Parathath S, Fitzgerald ML, Tamehiro N, Fisher EA, Moore KJ, Fernández-Hernando C. MiR-33 Contributes to the Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis. Science 2010, 328: 1570-1573. PMID: 20466885, PMCID: PMC3114628, DOI: 10.1126/science.1189862.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsApolipoprotein A-IATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1ATP-Binding Cassette TransportersCarrier ProteinsCell LineCholesterolCholesterol, DietaryDietary FatsGene Expression RegulationHomeostasisHumansHypercholesterolemiaIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsIntronsLipoproteinsLipoproteins, HDLLiverMacrophagesMacrophages, PeritonealMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicroRNAsNiemann-Pick C1 ProteinProteinsSterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2TransfectionConceptsSterol regulatory element-binding factor-2MiR-33Cellular cholesterol transportCholesterol effluxExpression of genesIntronic microRNAsTranscriptional regulatorsTriphosphate-binding cassette transportersAdenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transportersCellular cholesterol effluxCassette transportersHDL biogenesisHuman cellsCellular levelCholesterol homeostasisABCA1 expressionFactor 2Mouse macrophagesGenesLentiviral deliveryCholesterol transportExpressionABCA1Cholesterol metabolismEfflux
2009
Nogo-B Receptor Stabilizes Niemann-Pick Type C2 Protein and Regulates Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking
Harrison KD, Miao RQ, Fernandez-Hernándo C, Suárez Y, Dávalos A, Sessa WC. Nogo-B Receptor Stabilizes Niemann-Pick Type C2 Protein and Regulates Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking. Cell Metabolism 2009, 10: 208-218. PMID: 19723497, PMCID: PMC2739452, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2009.07.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNiemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2) proteinIntracellular cholesterol traffickingC2 proteinCholesterol traffickingEndoplasmic reticulumTwo-hybrid screenC-terminal domainCellular rolesIntracellular cholesterol accumulationSterol sensingProtein stabilityN-terminusNgBRProteinProtein levelsNPC2 mutationsCholesterol accumulationGenetic deficiencyTraffickingRNAiNPC2TerminusBiologyBaitReticulum
2006
Plitidepsin Cellular Binding and Rac1/JNK Pathway Activation Depend on Membrane Cholesterol Content
Suárez Y, González-Santiago L, Zarich N, Dávalos A, Aranda JF, Alonso MA, Lasunción MA, Rojas JM, Muñoz A. Plitidepsin Cellular Binding and Rac1/JNK Pathway Activation Depend on Membrane Cholesterol Content. Molecular Pharmacology 2006, 70: 1654-1663. PMID: 16928956, DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.025569.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsJun N-terminal kinaseMembrane cholesterol contentRac1-JNK pathwayHeLa cellsWild-type HeLa cellsMembrane-bound Rac1Plasma membrane cholesterolRac1 small GTPaseN-terminal kinaseMKP-1 phosphataseJNK pathway activationCellular bindingMDA-MB-231 breast cancer cellsInduction of apoptosisSmall GTPaseMarine cyclic depsipeptidePlasma membraneJNK activationRac1 activationMembrane cholesterolCell deathSubcellular fractioningBreast cancer cellsSustained activationRac1
2005
Lovastatin-induced PC-12 cell differentiation is associated with RhoA/RhoA kinase pathway inactivation
Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y, Lasunción MA. Lovastatin-induced PC-12 cell differentiation is associated with RhoA/RhoA kinase pathway inactivation. Molecular And Cellular Neuroscience 2005, 29: 591-602. PMID: 15951198, DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.04.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCell DifferentiationCholesterolDiterpenesEnzyme ActivationEnzyme InhibitorsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsLovastatinNeuritesPC12 CellsPhosphorylationProtein PrenylationProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesRatsRhoA GTP-Binding ProteinRho-Associated KinasesSterolsTerpenesConceptsNeurite outgrowthNon-sterol mevalonate derivativesPC-12 cell differentiationCellular lipid compositionNon-sterol isoprenoidsEffects of geranylgeraniolBiosynthetic pathwayProtein prenylationRole of cholesterolCofilin phosphorylationRhoA signalingMevalonate derivativesA ReductaseRhoA activationCell differentiationCoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductaseLovastatin inhibitsPC-12 cellsCholesterol biosynthesisPathway inactivationRhoA kinaseLipid compositionOutgrowthGeranylgeraniolInhibitionSterol stringency of proliferation and cell cycle progression in human cells
Suárez Y, Fernández C, Ledo B, Martín M, Gómez-Coronado D, Lasunción MA. Sterol stringency of proliferation and cell cycle progression in human cells. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 2005, 1734: 203-213. PMID: 15904877, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.02.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCell CycleCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationCholesterolHumansMolecular StructureConceptsCell cycle progressionCycle progressionG2/M phaseMammalian cellsCell proliferationCell growthM phaseRegulator of proliferationSterol response elementCholesterol-free mediumPlasma membraneCell cycleResponse elementIsoprenoid derivativesStructural roleHuman cellsCholesterol biosynthesisSKF 104976Sterol analoguesDifferent sterolsHuman leukemiaCell processesCholesterol analoguesHL-60Concentration-dependent manner