2020
Impaired hypocretin/orexin system alters responses to salient stimuli in obese male mice
Tan Y, Hang F, Liu ZW, Stoiljkovic M, Wu M, Tu Y, Han W, Lee AM, Kelley C, Hajos M, Lu L, de Lecea L, de Araujo I, Picciotto M, Horvath TL, Gao XB. Impaired hypocretin/orexin system alters responses to salient stimuli in obese male mice. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2020, 130: 4985-4998. PMID: 32516139, PMCID: PMC7456212, DOI: 10.1172/jci130889.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsFeeding BehaviorHypothalamusMaleMiceMice, TransgenicNerve NetNeuronsObesityOrexinsStress, PsychologicalConceptsHcrt cellsObese miceDiet-induced obese miceObese male miceExcessive energy intakeNeuropeptide hypocretin/orexinHypocretin/orexinHcrt neuronsMale miceHcrt systemClinical studiesCommon causeSynaptic transmissionObese animalsEnergy intakeAcute stressCognitive functionSalient stimuliAlters responsesExact mechanismMiceHomeostatic regulationNeuronal networksBehavioral changesNeurons
2008
Regulation of Synaptic Efficacy in Hypocretin/Orexin-Containing Neurons by Melanin Concentrating Hormone in the Lateral Hypothalamus
Rao Y, Lu M, Ge F, Marsh DJ, Qian S, Wang AH, Picciotto MR, Gao XB. Regulation of Synaptic Efficacy in Hypocretin/Orexin-Containing Neurons by Melanin Concentrating Hormone in the Lateral Hypothalamus. Journal Of Neuroscience 2008, 28: 9101-9110. PMID: 18784290, PMCID: PMC2562258, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1766-08.2008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAction PotentialsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBehavior, AnimalBenzazepinesBenzhydryl CompoundsCentral Nervous System StimulantsDopamine AgonistsDose-Response Relationship, DrugExcitatory Amino Acid AgentsGlutamic AcidGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHypothalamic Area, LateralHypothalamic HormonesIn Vitro TechniquesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMelaninsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicModafinilMotor ActivityNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrexinsPertussis ToxinPituitary HormonesReceptors, SomatostatinSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionTime FactorsConceptsHypocretin/orexin neuronsMCHR1 KO miceOrexin-containing neuronsLateral hypothalamusWild-type miceOrexin neuronsHypocretin/orexinKO miceMCH receptor 1Action potential firingEffects of modafinilMelanin-Concentrating HormoneHypocretin/orexin signalingGroups of neuronsMCH neuronsMiniature EPSCsWT miceHypocretin/Glutamatergic synapsesOrexin signalingSynaptic transmissionPertussis toxinBrain areasReciprocal innervationInhibitory influence
2006
Adenosine Inhibits Activity of Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons by the A1 Receptor in the Lateral Hypothalamus: A Possible Sleep-Promoting Effect
Liu ZW, Gao XB. Adenosine Inhibits Activity of Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons by the A1 Receptor in the Lateral Hypothalamus: A Possible Sleep-Promoting Effect. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2006, 97: 837-848. PMID: 17093123, PMCID: PMC1783688, DOI: 10.1152/jn.00873.2006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAction PotentialsAdenosineAdenosine A1 Receptor AgonistsAnimalsArousalCalcium ChannelsDose-Response Relationship, DrugExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHypothalamic Area, LateralImmunohistochemistryIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMiceMice, TransgenicNeural InhibitionNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrexinsOrgan Culture TechniquesPertussis ToxinReceptor, Adenosine A1SleepSynaptic TransmissionConceptsHypocretin/orexin neuronsOrexin neuronsSleep-promoting effectsLateral hypothalamusBasal forebrainA1 receptorsMiniature excitatory postsynaptic currentsVoltage-dependent calcium currentsAdenosine-mediated inhibitionHypocretin/orexin systemExcitatory postsynaptic potentialsExcitatory synaptic transmissionExcitatory postsynaptic currentsEffects of adenosineHypocretin/orexinPostsynaptic currentsOrexin systemPostsynaptic potentialsCalcium currentSynaptic transmissionBrain slicesPertussis toxinSleep promoterAdenosine receptorsAction potentials
2005
Input organization and plasticity of hypocretin neurons Possible clues to obesity’s association with insomnia
Horvath TL, Gao XB. Input organization and plasticity of hypocretin neurons Possible clues to obesity’s association with insomnia. Cell Metabolism 2005, 1: 279-286. PMID: 16054072, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2005.03.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypocretin neuronsSynaptic currentsHypothalamic hypocretin neuronsMore excitatory synapsesOvernight food deprivationElevated food intakeExcitatory synaptic currentsControl of arousalCause of narcolepsyStress-induced plasticityHypocretin levelsLeptin administrationHypocretin cellsHypocretin signalingMetabolic disturbancesObesity associationSynaptic organizationExcitatory synapsesFood intakeInhibitory inputsCell bodiesUnderlying causeNeuronsInput organizationFood deprivation
2002
Hypocretin/Orexin Excites Hypocretin Neurons via a Local Glutamate Neuron—A Potential Mechanism for Orchestrating the Hypothalamic Arousal System
Li Y, Gao X, Sakurai T, van den Pol AN. Hypocretin/Orexin Excites Hypocretin Neurons via a Local Glutamate Neuron—A Potential Mechanism for Orchestrating the Hypothalamic Arousal System. Neuron 2002, 36: 1169-1181. PMID: 12495630, DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01132-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAction PotentialsAnimalsArousalCarrier ProteinsExcitatory Amino Acid AgonistsFeedbackGABA AgonistsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGenes, ReporterGlutamic AcidGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHypothalamusImmunohistochemistryIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsLuminescent ProteinsMiceMice, TransgenicNeural InhibitionNeural PathwaysNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrexinsPresynaptic TerminalsSodium Channel BlockersSynaptic TransmissionConceptsHypothalamic arousal systemsHypocretin neuronsArousal systemSpike frequencyLocal glutamatergic neuronsMouse brain slicesGlutamate releaseGlutamatergic neuronsHypocretin-1Hypocretin cellsPresynaptic facilitationBrain slicesNeuron activityOutward currentsEnergy homeostasisModulates sleepNeuronsPotential mechanismsDirect effectPossible mechanismCellsNarcolepsyHypocretinNorepinephrineAcetylcholineHypocretin (orexin) enhances neuron activity and cell synchrony in developing mouse GFP‐expressing locus coeruleus
van den Pol A, Ghosh PK, Liu R, Li Y, Aghajanian GK, Gao X. Hypocretin (orexin) enhances neuron activity and cell synchrony in developing mouse GFP‐expressing locus coeruleus. The Journal Of Physiology 2002, 541: 169-185. PMID: 12015428, PMCID: PMC2290314, DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.017426.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedDose-Response Relationship, DrugElectrophysiologyFemaleGreen Fluorescent ProteinsImmunohistochemistryIn Vitro TechniquesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsLocus CoeruleusLuminescent ProteinsMembrane PotentialsMiceMice, TransgenicMicroscopy, ConfocalNeuronsNeuropeptidesNeurotransmitter AgentsOrexinsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPregnancyTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseConceptsLocus coeruleusHypocretin-1Mouse prion promoterGlutamate receptor antagonistsPresence of TTXImmunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylaseRat locus coeruleusNeonatal mouse brainPostnatal day 0Higher brain centersNew transgenic mouseSingle-unit recordingsInward cation currentMembrane potentialDual cell recordingsImproved cognitive performanceNoradrenergic neuronsLC neuronsHypocretin neuronsImmature neuronsPrion promoterReceptor antagonistMouse slicesTyrosine hydroxylaseExcitatory mechanisms
2000
GABA release from mouse axonal growth cones
Gao X, van den Pol A. GABA release from mouse axonal growth cones. The Journal Of Physiology 2000, 523: 629-637. PMID: 10718743, PMCID: PMC2269824, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00629.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGABA releaseSynapse formationGrowth conesSpontaneous GABA releaseAxonal growth conesHypothalamic neuronsTransmitter phenotypeAxon terminalsNeurotransmitter receptorsTransgenic miceAction potentialsGABAProtein kinase C activityNeuronal membranesAxonsNeuronal developmentGreen fluorescent proteinKinase C activityNeuronsVesicular mechanismPKC activationFluorescent proteinC activityLow levelsRelease