2006
Adenosine Inhibits Activity of Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons by the A1 Receptor in the Lateral Hypothalamus: A Possible Sleep-Promoting Effect
Liu ZW, Gao XB. Adenosine Inhibits Activity of Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons by the A1 Receptor in the Lateral Hypothalamus: A Possible Sleep-Promoting Effect. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2006, 97: 837-848. PMID: 17093123, PMCID: PMC1783688, DOI: 10.1152/jn.00873.2006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAction PotentialsAdenosineAdenosine A1 Receptor AgonistsAnimalsArousalCalcium ChannelsDose-Response Relationship, DrugExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHypothalamic Area, LateralImmunohistochemistryIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMiceMice, TransgenicNeural InhibitionNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrexinsOrgan Culture TechniquesPertussis ToxinReceptor, Adenosine A1SleepSynaptic TransmissionConceptsHypocretin/orexin neuronsOrexin neuronsSleep-promoting effectsLateral hypothalamusBasal forebrainA1 receptorsMiniature excitatory postsynaptic currentsVoltage-dependent calcium currentsAdenosine-mediated inhibitionHypocretin/orexin systemExcitatory postsynaptic potentialsExcitatory synaptic transmissionExcitatory postsynaptic currentsEffects of adenosineHypocretin/orexinPostsynaptic currentsOrexin systemPostsynaptic potentialsCalcium currentSynaptic transmissionBrain slicesPertussis toxinSleep promoterAdenosine receptorsAction potentials
2001
Membrane Properties Underlying Patterns of GABA-Dependent Action Potentials in Developing Mouse Hypothalamic Neurons
Wang Y, Gao X, van den Pol A. Membrane Properties Underlying Patterns of GABA-Dependent Action Potentials in Developing Mouse Hypothalamic Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2001, 86: 1252-1265. PMID: 11535674, DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1252.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypothalamic neuronsAction potentialsMouse hypothalamusMultiple spikesSpike thresholdFrequency of GABAMediobasal hypothalamic neuronsProbability of GABAGlutamate receptor antagonistsConventional whole cellMouse hypothalamic neuronsMultiple action potentialsPostnatal day 2Intrinsic membrane propertiesMean reversal potentialIonotropic glutamate receptorsSimilar spike patternsPeaks of depolarizationGABA excitationMembrane potentialReceptor antagonistSpike patternsExcitatory activityGlutamate receptorsSynaptic transmissionMelanin concentrating hormone depresses synaptic activity of glutamate and GABA neurons from rat lateral hypothalamus
Gao X, van den Pol A. Melanin concentrating hormone depresses synaptic activity of glutamate and GABA neurons from rat lateral hypothalamus. The Journal Of Physiology 2001, 533: 237-252. PMID: 11351031, PMCID: PMC2278620, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0237b.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAction PotentialsAnimalsBicucullineCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedElectric ConductivityExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsFemaleFetusGABA AntagonistsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamic AcidGTP-Binding ProteinsHypothalamic Area, LateralHypothalamic HormonesIn Vitro TechniquesIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMelaninsNeuronsNeuropeptidesOrexin ReceptorsOrexinsPatch-Clamp TechniquesPituitary HormonesPotassiumPregnancyRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, GlutamateReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledReceptors, NeuropeptideSodiumSynaptic TransmissionTetrodotoxinConceptsSynaptic activityLH neuronsAction potentialsPotassium channelsActions of MCHInhibitory synaptic eventsGABAB receptor agonistAmino acid transmittersLateral hypothalamic areaCalcium-dependent releasePresence of tetrodotoxinRat lateral hypothalamusEffect of MCHFast synaptic activityGlutamate-evoked currentsWhole-cell recordingsPostsynaptic glutamate receptorsNon-neuronal cellsMiniature excitatory currentsVoltage-dependent potassium channelsNeuropeptide melaninGABA neuronsVoltage-clamp experimentsExcitatory actionLH actionGABA, Not Glutamate, a Primary Transmitter Driving Action Potentials in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons
Gao X, Van Den Pol A. GABA, Not Glutamate, a Primary Transmitter Driving Action Potentials in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2001, 85: 425-434. PMID: 11152743, DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.425.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAction PotentialsAnimalsBicucullineCells, CulturedChloridesExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsGABA-A Receptor AntagonistsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamic AcidGramicidinHypothalamusImmunohistochemistryIn Vitro TechniquesMiceNeuronsNeurotransmitter AgentsPatch-Clamp TechniquesReceptors, GlutamateSpinal CordConceptsHypothalamic neuronsReceptor antagonist bicucullinePrimary inhibitory neurotransmitterMouse hypothalamic neuronsPrimary excitatory transmitterAntagonist bicucullineExcitatory transmitterGABA circuitsGlutamate transmissionInhibitory neurotransmitterMature brainBrain slicesSynaptic releaseNeuronal activitySpike activityNeuronal connectionsSpike frequencyExtracellular recordingsAction potentialsAntagonist 2Brain developmentHebbian mechanismsIntracellular ClNeuronsGABA
2000
GABA release from mouse axonal growth cones
Gao X, van den Pol A. GABA release from mouse axonal growth cones. The Journal Of Physiology 2000, 523: 629-637. PMID: 10718743, PMCID: PMC2269824, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00629.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGABA releaseSynapse formationGrowth conesSpontaneous GABA releaseAxonal growth conesHypothalamic neuronsTransmitter phenotypeAxon terminalsNeurotransmitter receptorsTransgenic miceAction potentialsGABAProtein kinase C activityNeuronal membranesAxonsNeuronal developmentGreen fluorescent proteinKinase C activityNeuronsVesicular mechanismPKC activationFluorescent proteinC activityLow levelsRelease
1998
GABA-Dependent Firing of Glutamate-Evoked Action Potentials at AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons
Gao X, Chen G, van den Pol A. GABA-Dependent Firing of Glutamate-Evoked Action Potentials at AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Developing Hypothalamic Neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 1998, 79: 716-726. PMID: 9463435, DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.716.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGamma-aminobutyric acidAction potentialsHypothalamic neuronsAMPA/kainate receptorsN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsGlutamate-mediated excitationAdult mammalian CNSFire action potentialsMajor inhibitory roleExcitatory functionGlutamate responseGlutamate receptorsKainate receptorsMammalian CNSMaximal effectSlight temporal delayNeuronal circuitsInhibitory roleNeuronsReceptorsBroad time windowDepolarizationGlutamatePresent studySimilar results