2024
Cost-Effectiveness of Closed-Loop Automated Insulin Delivery Using the Cambridge Hybrid Algorithm in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Results from a Multicenter 6-Month Randomized Trial.
Fox D, Ware J, Boughton C, Allen J, Wilinska M, Tauschmann M, Denvir L, Thankamony A, Campbell F, Wadwa R, Buckingham B, Davis N, DiMeglio L, Mauras N, Besser R, Ghatak A, Weinzimer S, Kanapka L, Kollman C, Sibayan J, Beck R, Hood K, Hovorka R. Cost-Effectiveness of Closed-Loop Automated Insulin Delivery Using the Cambridge Hybrid Algorithm in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Results from a Multicenter 6-Month Randomized Trial. Journal Of Diabetes Science And Technology 2024, 19322968241231950. PMID: 38494876, DOI: 10.1177/19322968241231950.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchQuality-adjusted life yearsType 1 diabetesDiabetic ketoacidosisClosed-loop automated insulin deliveryDiscounted quality-adjusted life yearsTreatment groupsContinuous glucose monitoringIncremental cost-effectivenessParallel controlled trialProbabilistic sensitivity analysesInsulin deliveryInsulin pump therapyLifetime cost-effectivenessContemporaneous control groupUsual careImproved HbA<sub>1c</sub>Participants aged 6Health-related quality of lifeAutomated insulin deliverySubgroup patientsTreatment subgroupsSevere hypoglycemiaRandomized trialsTotal health care utilizationLifetime complications
2023
Personalized Digital Health Information to Substantiate Human-Delivered Exercise Support for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Ash G, Nally L, Stults-Kolehmainen M, De Los Santos M, Jeon S, Brandt C, Gulanski B, Spanakis E, Baker J, Weinzimer S, Fucito L. Personalized Digital Health Information to Substantiate Human-Delivered Exercise Support for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Clinical Journal Of Sport Medicine 2023, 33: 512-520. PMID: 36715983, PMCID: PMC10898917, DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001078.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsContinuous glucose monitoringExercise supportHealth informationDigital health informationBody mass indexType 1 diabetesCommunity-based sampleSevere hypoglycemiaMass indexPsychosocial assessmentCGM useHigh satisfaction ratingsPhysician oversightType 1Future interventionsGlucose monitoringMedical readinessMolecular biomarkersBaseline observationsInterventionSatisfaction ratingsAdultsExerciseBehavioral skillsSingle group
2022
“It’s embarrassing. I get angry. I get frustrated.”: Understanding severe hypoglycemia and glucagon usage from the perspectives of people with type 1 diabetes
Hughes A, Chapman K, Bispham J, Dimsits J, Weinzimer S, Wolf W, Heydarian N. “It’s embarrassing. I get angry. I get frustrated.”: Understanding severe hypoglycemia and glucagon usage from the perspectives of people with type 1 diabetes. Journal Of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology 2022, 30: 100310. PMID: 36620758, PMCID: PMC9816066, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2022.100310.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSevere hypoglycemiaType 1 diabetesGlucagon useMini-dose glucagonEase of administrationPrescription costsNasal administrationEmergency treatmentGlucagon actionPerspectives of adultsHypoglycemiaDiabetesGlucagon treatmentHealthcare professionalsGlucagonAverage durationPerspectives of peopleAdministrationAdultsParticipantsFocus groupsTreatmentCurrent studyFocus group interviewsEmotional impactDKA Prevention and Insulin Pumps: Lessons Learned From a Large Pediatric Pump Practice
Doyle EA, Weinzimer SA, Tamborlane W. DKA Prevention and Insulin Pumps: Lessons Learned From a Large Pediatric Pump Practice. The Science Of Diabetes Self-Management And Care 2022, 48: 476-482. PMID: 36129121, DOI: 10.1177/26350106221125699.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsContinuous glucose monitorHigher A1C levelsA1c levelsDKA eventsInsulin pumpPump usersPump-treated patientsRetrospective chart reviewPediatric endocrinology practiceType 1 diabetesInsulin pump usersConcurrent illnessDKA preventionPump patientsDiabetes durationDKA episodesMean A1CChart reviewEndocrinology practiceDKA ratesDKA severityMean ageInsulin omissionMost episodesPatientsAssessing Incorporation of Type 1 Diabetes Into Identity: Validation of the Accepting Diabetes and Personal Treatment (ADAPT) Survey in Teens and Young Adults
Commissariat PV, Volkening LK, Weinzimer SA, Dassau E, Laffel LM. Assessing Incorporation of Type 1 Diabetes Into Identity: Validation of the Accepting Diabetes and Personal Treatment (ADAPT) Survey in Teens and Young Adults. Canadian Journal Of Diabetes 2022, 47: 66-72. PMID: 36184368, PMCID: PMC10096441, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.08.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYoung adultsTreatment surveyDiabetes device useLess diabetes distressCross-sectional studyType 1 diabetesQuality of lifeImpact of T1DInternal consistencyLower A1CMale sexDiabetes distressExcellent internal consistencyMedical recordsCGM useDiabetes managementT1DHealth outcomesDiabetesType 1Clinical interventionsPsychosocial outcomesBenefit findingA1CAdultsA Pilot randomized trial to examine effects of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system on neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Reiss AL, Jo B, Arbelaez AM, Tsalikian E, Buckingham B, Weinzimer SA, Fox LA, Cato A, White NH, Tansey M, Aye T, Tamborlane W, Englert K, Lum J, Mazaika P, Foland-Ross L, Marzelli M, Mauras N. A Pilot randomized trial to examine effects of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system on neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 4940. PMID: 36042217, PMCID: PMC9427757, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32289-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHybrid closed-loop insulin delivery systemStandard care groupType 1 diabetesClosed-loop insulin delivery systemWhite matter volumeCare groupPrimary outcomeInsulin delivery systemsMatter volumeFractional anisotropyCognitive AssessmentRigorous glucose controlDiagnosis of T1DClosed-loop groupBetter diabetes controlDiabetes care groupsConcept pilot studyYears of ageAcademic medical centerFunctional brain activityCortical surface areaMonths study durationRandomized participantsDiabetes controlGlucose controlFeasibility and Preliminary Safety of Smartphone-Based Automated Insulin Delivery in Adolescents and Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Deshpande S, Weinzimer SA, Gibbons K, Nally LM, Weyman K, Carria L, Zgorski M, Laffel LM, Doyle FJ, Dassau E. Feasibility and Preliminary Safety of Smartphone-Based Automated Insulin Delivery in Adolescents and Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Journal Of Diabetes Science And Technology 2022, 18: 363-371. PMID: 35971681, PMCID: PMC10973844, DOI: 10.1177/19322968221116384.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchType 1 diabetesUnannounced exercisePercent timeGlucose standard deviationParents/guardiansSecondary outcomesAdverse eventsPrimary outcomeBlood glucose dataPump therapyPreliminary safetyAutomated Insulin DeliveryContinuous glucose monitoring dataPediatric participantsGlucose monitoring dataAge-based cohortsArtificial pancreas systemsLarge mealsInsulin deliveryGlucose dataYoung childrenDiabetesYounger cohortsChildrenCohortLived experience of CamAPS FX closed loop system in youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents
Hood KK, Garcia‐Willingham N, Hanes S, Tanenbaum ML, Ware J, Boughton CK, Allen JM, Wilinska ME, Tauschmann M, Denvir L, Thankamony A, Campbell F, Wadwa RP, Buckingham BA, Davis N, DiMeglio LA, Mauras N, Besser REJ, Ghatak A, Weinzimer SA, Fox DS, Kanapka L, Kollman C, Sibayan J, Beck RW, Hovorka R, Consortium T. Lived experience of CamAPS FX closed loop system in youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Diabetes Obesity And Metabolism 2022, 24: 2309-2318. PMID: 35837984, PMCID: PMC9804666, DOI: 10.1111/dom.14815.Peer-Reviewed Original Research1025-P: Racial Disparities in Diabetes Distress and Technology Use in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
WILCOX A, MENCHER S, NALLY L, WEINZIMER S. 1025-P: Racial Disparities in Diabetes Distress and Technology Use in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022, 71 DOI: 10.2337/db22-1025-p.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNon-Hispanic whitesDiabetes distressAdverse short-term outcomesBurden of diabetesShort-term outcomesType 1 diabetesHigher HbA1cContinuous glucose monitorElevated hemoglobinHigh prevalenceHigh riskDiabetesREM groupEthnic groupsEthnic disparitiesInsulin pumpAdolescent SurveyType 1Group of adolescentsRacial disparitiesSpeakers bureauDiabetes technologyNovo NordiskGlucose monitorAdditional mediatorsA Comparison of Postprandial Glucose Control in the Medtronic Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System Versus 670G
Weinzimer S, Bailey RJ, Bergenstal RM, Nimri R, Beck RW, Schatz D, Ambler-Osborn L, Schweiger DS, von dem Berge T, Sibayan J, Johnson ML, Calhoun P, Phillip M, Bergenstal R, Phillip M, Criego A, Bergenstal R, Carlson A, Martens T, Beasley S, Johnson M, Whipple D, Hyatt J, Punel A, Grieme A, Thomas L, LaFrance A, Hasledalen C, Laffel L, Isganaitis E, Freiner E, Ambler-Osborn L, Desrochers H, Turcotte C, Naik N, Roethke L, Fisher M, Nimri R, Nevo M, Bello R, Hamou A, Hermon O, Horesh O, Shiovitch Mantzuri G, Drotz I, Yehiel N, Naveh R, Schatz D, Haller M, Albanese-O'Neill A, Sheehan E, Leey J, Smith M, Jacobsen L, Adams J, Hosford J, Whyte L, Battelino T, Dovč K, Bratina N, Šmigoc Schweiger D, Sever U, Gianini A, Murn Berkopec B, Mali B, Weinzimer S, Weyman K, Carria L, Zgorski M, Danne T, Biester T, von dem Berge T, Weiskorn J, Kordonouri O, Biester S, Aschemeier B, Remus K, Pisarek N, Sibayan J, Beck R, Mouse T, Davis J, Bailey R, Hellmann A, Reese N, Calhoun P, Strayer H, Cohen N, Henderson R, Kollman C, Kennedy J, Woodall W, Mahr I, Hood K, Arreaza-Rubin G, Eggerman T, Green N, Janicek R, Gabrielson D, Belle S, Castle J, Green J, Legault L, Willi S, Wysham C, Eggerman T. A Comparison of Postprandial Glucose Control in the Medtronic Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System Versus 670G. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2022, 24: 573-582. PMID: 35363054, PMCID: PMC9353997, DOI: 10.1089/dia.2021.0568.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHybrid closed-loop systemGlucose levelsGlycemic controlGlycemic excursionsAdvanced hybrid closed-loop systemG armPostprandial glycemic excursionsPostprandial glycemic controlType 1 diabetesPostprandial glucose controlPrandial insulin deliveryTreatment armsCrossover trialGlucose controlMedtronic MiniMedSecondary analysisMeal sizeOvernight improvementInsulin deliveryHyperglycemiaOutcomesArmLevel 2HypoglycemiaPremealCambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre 6-month randomised controlled trial
Ware J, Boughton CK, Allen JM, Wilinska ME, Tauschmann M, Denvir L, Thankamony A, Campbell FM, Wadwa RP, Buckingham BA, Davis N, DiMeglio LA, Mauras N, Besser REJ, Ghatak A, Weinzimer SA, Hood KK, Fox DS, Kanapka L, Kollman C, Sibayan J, Beck RW, Hovorka R, Consortium D, Hovorka R, Acerini C, Thankamony A, Allen J, Boughton C, Dovc K, Dunger D, Ware J, Musolino G, Tauschmann M, Wilinska M, Hayes J, Hartnell S, Slegtenhorst S, Ruan Y, Haydock M, Mangat J, Denvir L, Kanthagnany S, Law J, Randell T, Sachdev P, Saxton M, Coupe A, Stafford S, Ball A, Keeton R, Cresswell R, Crate L, Cripps H, Fazackerley H, Looby L, Navarra H, Saddington C, Smith V, Verhoeven V, Bratt S, Khan N, Moyes L, Sandhu K, West C, Wadwa R, Alonso G, Forlenza G, Slover R, Towers L, Berget C, Coakley A, Escobar E, Jost E, Lange S, Messer L, Thivener K, Campbell F, Yong J, Metcalfe E, Allen M, Ambler S, Waheed S, Exall J, Tulip J, Buckingham B, Ekhlaspour L, Maahs D, Norlander L, Jacobson T, Twon M, Weir C, Leverenz B, Keller J, Davis N, Kumaran A, Trevelyan N, Dewar H, Price G, Crouch G, Ensom R, Haskell L, Lueddeke L, Mauras N, Benson M, Bird K, Englert K, Permuy J, Ponthieux K, Marrero-Hernandez J, DiMeglio L, Ismail H, Jolivette H, Sanchez J, Woerner S, Kirchner M, Mullen M, Tebbe M, Besser R, Basu S, London R, Makaya T, Ryan F, Megson C, Bowen-Morris J, Haest J, Law R, Stamford I, Ghatak A, Deakin M, Phelan K, Thornborough K, Shakeshaft J, Weinzimer S, Cengiz E, Sherr J, Van Name M, Weyman K, Carria L, Steffen A, Zgorski M, Sibayan J, Beck R, Borgman S, Davis J, Rusnak J, Hellman A, Cheng P, Kanapka L, Kollman C, McCarthy C, Chalasani S, Hood K, Hanes S, Viana J, Lanning M, Fox D, Arreaza-Rubin G, Eggerman T, Green N, Janicek R, Gabrielson D, Belle S, Castle J, Green J, Legault L, Willi S, Wysham C. Cambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre 6-month randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Digital Health 2022, 4: e245-e255. PMID: 35272971, DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00020-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClosed-loop groupInsulin pump therapyType 1 diabetesControl groupBaseline HbAUsual carePump therapyClosed-loop insulin deliverySuboptimal glucose controlPediatric diabetes centersKey inclusion criteriaClosed-loop insulin delivery systemPrimary endpointBlock randomisationDiabetes CenterGlucose controlInsulin delivery systemsInclusion criteriaPrimary analysisTherapyInsulin deliveryMonthsG pumpHbADiabetes
2021
Lived Experience of Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Versus Hybrid Closed-Loop: Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perspectives
Hood KK, Laffel LM, Danne T, Nimri R, Weinzimer S, Sibayan J, Bailey RJ, Schatz D, Bratina N, Bello R, Punel A, Calhoun P, Beck RW, Bergenstal RM, Phillip M. Lived Experience of Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Versus Hybrid Closed-Loop: Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perspectives. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2021, 23: 857-861. PMID: 34270328, PMCID: PMC9009590, DOI: 10.1089/dia.2021.0153.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEvaluation of Web-Based and In-Person Methods to Recruit Adults With Type 1 Diabetes for a Mobile Exercise Intervention: Prospective Observational Study
Ash GI, Griggs S, Nally LM, Stults-Kolehmainen M, Jeon S, Brandt C, Gulanski BI, Spanakis EK, Baker JS, Whittemore R, Weinzimer SA, Fucito LM. Evaluation of Web-Based and In-Person Methods to Recruit Adults With Type 1 Diabetes for a Mobile Exercise Intervention: Prospective Observational Study. JMIR Diabetes 2021, 6: e28309. PMID: 34047700, PMCID: PMC8299346, DOI: 10.2196/28309.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchType 1 diabetesEligible volunteersExercise interventionClinical trialsIncremental costProspective observational studyGreater New HavenCharacteristics of enrolleesHigh-risk participantsOlder patientsOverall cohortPatients 18Clinical visitsUncommon conditionAdults 18Observational studySnowball samplingActive adultsT1DEligibility screeningPrior trialsLower click ratesPatientsActive individualsEligibility ratesPredictors of Time-in-Range (70–180 mg/dL) Achieved Using a Closed-Loop Control System
Schoelwer MJ, Kanapka LG, Wadwa RP, Breton MD, Ruedy KJ, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Cobry EC, Messer LH, Cengiz E, Jost E, Carria L, Emory E, Hsu LJ, Weinzimer SA, Buckingham BA, Lal RA, Oliveri MC, Kollman CC, Dokken BB, Cherñavvsky DR, Beck RW, DeBoer MD, Gonder-Frederick L, Robic J, Voelmle M, Conschafter K, Morris K, Barnett C, Carr K, Hellmann J, Kime M, Todd Alonso G, Slover R, Berget C, Towers L, Lange S, Buckingham B, Maahs D, Lal R, Ekhlaspour L, Norlander L, Hood K, Town M, Weir C, Smith K, Hsu L, Shinksy D, Viana J, Cengiz E, Weinzimer S, Weyman K, Carria L, Zgorski M, Ruedy K, Beck R, Borgman S, Rusnak J, Kanapka L, Kollman C, Murphy C, Arreza-Rubin G, Green N, Kovatchev B, Brown S, Anderson S, Breton M, Laffel L, Pinsker J, Levy C, Kudva Y, Wadwa R, Buckingham B, Doyle III F, Renard E, Cobelli C, Reznik Y, Arreza-Rubin G, Lum J, Beck R, Ruedy K, Janicek R, Gabrielson D. Predictors of Time-in-Range (70–180 mg/dL) Achieved Using a Closed-Loop Control System. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2021, 23: 475-481. PMID: 33689454, PMCID: PMC8252894, DOI: 10.1089/dia.2020.0646.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlycemic controlLower TIROptimal glycemic controlType 1 diabetesPredictors of timeGreater improvementClinical characteristicsClinical predictorsFourth quartileMore insulinBody weightGlucose monitor dataExtension phaseMultivariate modelBolusStrongest predictorContinuous glucose monitor dataQuartileInsulinPredictorsChildrenParticipantsT1D.T1DDiabetesImpact of Type 1 Diabetes in the Developing Brain in Children: A Longitudinal Study.
Mauras N, Buckingham B, White NH, Tsalikian E, Weinzimer SA, Jo B, Cato A, Fox LA, Aye T, Arbelaez AM, Hershey T, Tansey M, Tamborlane W, Foland-Ross LC, Shen H, Englert K, Mazaika P, Marzelli M, Reiss AL. Impact of Type 1 Diabetes in the Developing Brain in Children: A Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Care 2021, 44: 983-992. PMID: 33568403, PMCID: PMC7985430, DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2125.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType 1 diabetesBrain volumeControl subjectsTotal brain volume differencesEarly-onset type 1 diabetesAge-matched control subjectsIntelligence quotientCognitive scoresWhite matter volumeBrain volume differencesContinuous glucose monitoringDiabetes groupFull-scale intelligence quotientDiabetes complicationsDiabetes controlTotal brainVerbal intelligence quotientDiabetesMatter volumeSensor glucoseCognitive testingGlucose monitoringMixed-effects modelsBrainGroup differencesExtended Use of the Control-IQ Closed-Loop Control System in Children With Type 1 Diabetes.
Kanapka LG, Wadwa RP, Breton MD, Ruedy KJ, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Cengiz E, Schoelwer MJ, Jost E, Carria L, Emory E, Hsu LJ, Weinzimer SA, DeBoer MD, Buckingham BA, Oliveri M, Kollman C, Dokken BB, Cherñavvsky D, Beck RW. Extended Use of the Control-IQ Closed-Loop Control System in Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021, 44: 473-478. PMID: 33355258, PMCID: PMC7818334, DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1729.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType 1 diabetesChildren 6Sensor-augmented pump therapyWeeks of useDiabetic ketoacidosisDays of useGlycemic controlSAP groupSevere hypoglycemiaPump therapyClinical trialsPercentage of timeCLC groupMean TIRDiabetesFurther evaluationCohortRCTsDlWeeksChildrenDaysExtended useParticipantsKetoacidosisA comparison of two hybrid closed-loop systems in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (FLAIR): a multicentre, randomised, crossover trial
Bergenstal RM, Nimri R, Beck RW, Criego A, Laffel L, Schatz D, Battelino T, Danne T, Weinzimer SA, Sibayan J, Johnson ML, Bailey RJ, Calhoun P, Carlson A, Isganaitis E, Bello R, Albanese-O'Neill A, Dovc K, Biester T, Weyman K, Hood K, Phillip M, Group F. A comparison of two hybrid closed-loop systems in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (FLAIR): a multicentre, randomised, crossover trial. The Lancet 2021, 397: 208-219. PMID: 33453783, PMCID: PMC9194961, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32514-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdvanced hybrid closed-loop systemType 1 diabetesHybrid closed-loop systemMiniMed 670G systemGlucose levelsCrossover trialYoung adultsMultiple daily insulin injectionsSevere hypoglycaemic eventsDaily insulin injectionsComputer-generated sequencePermuted block designContinuous glucose monitoringBaseline HbACoprimary outcomesEndocrinology practiceHypoglycaemic eventsWashout periodHemoglobin levelsKidney diseaseMean ageInsulin injectionsProportion of timeContinuous glucose monitorImpaired awareness
2020
Insulin dose optimization using an automated artificial intelligence-based decision support system in youths with type 1 diabetes
Nimri R, Battelino T, Laffel LM, Slover RH, Schatz D, Weinzimer SA, Dovc K, Danne T, Phillip M. Insulin dose optimization using an automated artificial intelligence-based decision support system in youths with type 1 diabetes. Nature Medicine 2020, 26: 1380-1384. PMID: 32908282, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1045-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType 1 diabetesInsulin dose adjustmentPhysician armDose adjustmentAcademic diabetes centerInsulin pump settingsPrimary efficacy measureSevere adverse eventsTarget glucose rangeInsulin pump therapyNon-inferiority trialArtificial intelligence-based decision support systemAdverse eventsInsulin titrationDiabetes CenterEfficacy measuresPump therapyPercentage of timePercentage of readingsGlucose levelsSix monthsContinuous glucose monitoring devicesDiabetesInsulin pumpGlucose monitoring devicesA Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Breton MD, Kanapka LG, Beck RW, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Cengiz E, Schoelwer M, Ruedy KJ, Jost E, Carria L, Emory E, Hsu LJ, Oliveri M, Kollman CC, Dokken BB, Weinzimer SA, DeBoer MD, Buckingham BA, Cherñavvsky D, Wadwa RP. A Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. New England Journal Of Medicine 2020, 383: 836-845. PMID: 32846062, PMCID: PMC7920146, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2004736.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsType 1 diabetesSensor-augmented insulin pumpClosed-loop groupGlucose levelsMedian percentageTarget rangeInsulin pumpInsulin deliveryParallel-group trialYears of ageContinuous glucose monitoringDiabetic ketoacidosisPrimary outcomeSevere hypoglycemiaHemoglobin levelsRandomized trialsGlycemic outcomesPercentage of timeChildren 6Control groupType 1DiabetesMean percentageGlucose monitoringTrialsEffect of Afrezza on Glucose Dynamics During HCL Treatment
Galderisi A, Cohen N, Calhoun P, Kraemer K, Breton M, Weinzimer S, Cengiz E. Effect of Afrezza on Glucose Dynamics During HCL Treatment. Diabetes Care 2020, 43: 2146-2152. PMID: 32661108, PMCID: PMC7440894, DOI: 10.2337/dc20-0091.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdministration, InhalationAdolescentAdultBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringCross-Over StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Dose-Response Relationship, DrugEquipment and SuppliesFemaleGlycemic ControlHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin Infusion SystemsInsulin, Regular, HumanMaleMealsPostprandial PeriodYoung AdultConceptsControl armPremeal bolusesPostprandial plasma glucose levelsPostprandial blood glucose controlPrimary efficacy outcomeRapid-acting insulinBlood glucose controlPlasma glucose levelsType 1 diabetesLater time pointsSequential mealsEfficacy outcomesPPG levelsSecondary outcomesGlycemic excursionsMeal studyGlucose controlSubcutaneous routeInsulin delivery systemsGlucose levelsGlucose metricsHigh doseStudy daysInsulin absorptionInsulin bolus