2014
Dynamics of sodium channel Nav1.5 expression in astrocytes in mouse models of multiple sclerosis
Pappalardo LW, Liu S, Black JA, Waxman SG. Dynamics of sodium channel Nav1.5 expression in astrocytes in mouse models of multiple sclerosis. Neuroreport 2014, 25: 1208-1215. PMID: 25144393, PMCID: PMC4159404, DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000249.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAstrocytesEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalImmunohistochemistryLumbar VertebraeMice, BiozziMice, Inbred C57BLMotor CortexMultiple Sclerosis, Chronic ProgressiveMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingNAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelSeverity of Illness IndexSpinal CordUp-RegulationConceptsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisCentral nervous systemMultiple sclerosisNervous systemChronic multiple sclerosis lesionsNav1.5 expressionPhases of relapsePeriods of remissionGlial scar formationResponse of astrocytesSeverity of diseasePotential therapeutic targetMultiple sclerosis lesionsVoltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5Autoimmune encephalomyelitisNeuroinflammatory pathologiesIntracellular Ca levelsReactive astrogliosisGlial scarInflammatory pathologyMouse modelImmunohistochemical analysisScar formationTherapeutic targetAstrocytesContribution of sodium channels to lamellipodial protrusion and Rac1 and ERK1/2 activation in ATP‐stimulated microglia
Persson A, Estacion M, Ahn H, Liu S, Stamboulian‐Platel S, Waxman SG, Black JA. Contribution of sodium channels to lamellipodial protrusion and Rac1 and ERK1/2 activation in ATP‐stimulated microglia. Glia 2014, 62: 2080-2095. PMID: 25043721, DOI: 10.1002/glia.22728.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenosine TriphosphateAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBrainCell MovementCells, CulturedEnzyme ActivationEnzyme InhibitorsGene Expression RegulationMembrane PotentialsMiceMice, TransgenicMicrogliaMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3NAV1.6 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelPseudopodiaRac1 GTP-Binding ProteinRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySignal TransductionSodium Channel BlockersConceptsActin-rich membrane protrusionsStream signaling cascadesAccumulation of Rac1Modulation of Rac1Sodium channel activityChannel activitySodium channelsP38α/βCellular polarizationMembrane protrusionsSignal transductionLamellipodial protrusionCellular pathwaysSignaling cascadesCoordinated processCytoskeletal elementsMembrane adhesionRac1Dependent pathwayPhosphorylated ERK1/2Central nervous systemATPERK1/2ATP stimulationActivated state
2010
Slowly Progressive Axonal Degeneration in a Rat Model of Chronic, Nonimmune-Mediated Demyelination
Wilkins A, Kondo Y, Song J, Liu S, Compston A, Black J, Waxman S, Duncan I. Slowly Progressive Axonal Degeneration in a Rat Model of Chronic, Nonimmune-Mediated Demyelination. Journal Of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 2010, 69: 1256-1269. PMID: 21107138, DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3181ffc317.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemAxonal lossAxonal degenerationAxonal pathologyTrophic supportEarly axonal lossProgressive axonal lossProgressive axonal degenerationWhite matter tractsTaiep mutant ratNerve countsWild-type controlsChronic demyelinationNeurologic disabilityMyelin lossSignificant inflammationRat modelOligodendrocyte dysfunctionImmunohistochemical analysisTaiep ratsNervous systemCNS regionsAxonal transportMutant ratsOligodendrocyte lineage
2008
Sodium channel activity modulates multiple functions in microglia
Black JA, Liu S, Waxman SG. Sodium channel activity modulates multiple functions in microglia. Glia 2008, 57: 1072-1081. PMID: 19115387, DOI: 10.1002/glia.20830.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenosine TriphosphateAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBrainCell MovementCell ProliferationCells, CulturedCoculture TechniquesCytokinesGliosisInflammation MediatorsMicrogliaNAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelNAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelNAV1.6 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelNerve Tissue ProteinsPhagocytosisPhenytoinRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySodium Channel BlockersSodium ChannelsTetrodotoxinConceptsIL-1 betaIL-1 alphaSodium channelsTNF-alphaPhagocytic activitySodium channel blockadeSodium channel Nav1.1Central nervous systemVoltage-gated sodium channelsSodium channel activitySodium channel isoformsActivated microgliaIL-10IL-6MCP-1Microglial migrationChannel Nav1.1Cultured microgliaIL-2IL-4MicroM TTXChannel blockadeMed miceMicrogliaTissue insult
2007
Exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after withdrawal of phenytoin and carbamazepine
Black JA, Liu S, Carrithers M, Carrithers LM, Waxman SG. Exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after withdrawal of phenytoin and carbamazepine. Annals Of Neurology 2007, 62: 21-33. PMID: 17654737, DOI: 10.1002/ana.21172.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnticonvulsantsAntigens, CDAxonsCarbamazepineCell CountDisease Models, AnimalEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalFlow CytometryGene Expression RegulationGlycoproteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinNAV1.6 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelNerve Tissue ProteinsPeptide FragmentsPhenytoinPyramidal TractsSeverity of Illness IndexSodium ChannelsSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeConceptsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisSodium channel blockersWithdrawal of phenytoinChannel blockersAutoimmune encephalomyelitisInflammatory infiltrateClinical studiesProtective effectMurine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisWithdrawal of carbamazepineCentral nervous system axonsCentral nervous systemAcute exacerbationAcute worseningClinical worseningEAE symptomsEAE miceNeuroinflammatory disordersClinical courseMyelin oligodendrocyteClinical statusControl miceMultiple sclerosisImmune cellsLong-term effects