2015
Geriatric Pharmacology
Akhtar S, Ramani R. Geriatric Pharmacology. Anesthesiology Clinics 2015, 33: 457-469. PMID: 26315631, DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2015.05.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElderly patientsLong-term outcomesEnd-organ sensitivityFurther pharmacologic studiesOlder patientsAnesthetic medicationsGeriatric pharmacologyPharmacologic studiesAnesthetic drugsPatientsDrug overdosingDecreased volumePhysiologic processesContinuous variablesTrue extentMedicationsAnesthetics
2010
Pain pathways and pain processing
Mirchandani A, Akhtar S. Pain pathways and pain processing. 2010, 7-12. DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511841378.003.ChaptersPain managementPain processingAvailable pain medicationsAdjuvant medicationsNeuraxial opioidsPain medicationPain reliefAdverse eventsPain pathwaysOpioid analgesicsMuscle relaxantsPharmacologic principlesNMDA antagonistsLocal anestheticsAnalgesicsCommon dosesClinical settingClinical useParticular drugMedicationsCliniciansDrugsAnalgesiaContraindicationsOpioids